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{{short description|Supercomputer facility operated by the US Department of Energy in Berkeley, California}}
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[[File:U.S. Department of Energy - Science - 391 009 010 (31308713210).jpg|thumb|Shyh Wang Hall, which houses the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.]]▼
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▲[[File:U.S. Department of Energy - Science - 391 009 010 (31308713210).jpg|thumb|[[Shyh Wang Hall]], which houses the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.]]
The '''National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC),''' is a high-performance computing ([[supercomputer]]) National User Facility operated by [[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]] for the [[United States Department of Energy]] [[Office of Science]]. As the mission computing center for the Office of Science, NERSC houses high performance computing and data systems used by 9,000 scientists at national laboratories and universities around the country. Research at NERSC is focused on fundamental and applied research in [[Efficient energy use|energy efficiency]], storage, and generation; Earth systems science, and understanding of fundamental forces of nature and the universe. The largest research areas are in High Energy Physics, Materials Science, Chemical Sciences, Climate and Environmental Sciences, Nuclear Physics, and Fusion Energy research. NERSC's newest and largest supercomputer is [[Perlmutter (supercomputer)|Perlmutter]], which debuted in 2021 ranked 5th on the [[TOP500]] list of world's fastest supercomputers.
==History==
NERSC was founded in 1974 as the Controlled Thermonuclear Research Computer Center, or CTRCC, at [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]]
Subsequent supercomputers
In 1983, the center began providing a small portion of its resources to researchers outside the fusion community. As the center increasingly supported science across many research areas, it changed its name to the National Energy Research Supercomputer Center in 1990.
In 1995, the Department of Energy (DOE) made the decision to move NERSC from LLNL to [[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]]. A cluster of Cray J90 systems was installed in Berkeley before the main systems at Livermore were shut down for the move in 1996, thus ensuring continuous support for the research community. As part of the move, the center was renamed the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, but kept the NERSC acronym. In 2000, NERSC moved to a new site in Oakland to accommodate the growing footprint of air-cooled supercomputers. ▼
▲In 1995, the Department of Energy (DOE)
In November 2015, NERSC moved back to the main Berkeley Lab site and is housed in Shyh Wang Hall.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2015/11/12/facility-for-computational-science/|title=Berkeley Lab Opens State-of-the-Art Facility for Computational Science {{!}} Berkeley Lab|date=2015-11-12|work=News Center|access-date=2018-02-08|language=en-US}}</ref> As with the move from LLNL, a new system was first installed in Berkeley before the machines in Oakland were taken down and moved. ▼
▲In November 2015, NERSC moved back to the main Berkeley Lab site and is housed in [[Shyh Wang Hall]], an energy-efficient supercomputer facility.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://cs.lbl.gov/news-media/news/2020/less-is-more-lbnl-breaks-new-ground-in-data-center-optimization/ | title=Less is More: LBNL Breaks New Ground in Data Center Optimization }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2015/11/12/facility-for-computational-science/|title=Berkeley Lab Opens State-of-the-Art Facility for Computational Science {{!}} Berkeley Lab|date=2015-11-12|work=News Center|access-date=2018-02-08|language=en-US}}</ref> The building was financed by the [[University of California]] which manages Berkeley Lab for the [[United States Department of Energy|U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)]]. As with the move from LLNL, a new system was first installed in Berkeley before the machines in [[Oakland, California|Oakland]] were taken down and moved. The utility infrastructure and computer systems are provided by the DOE.
==Computers==
The center names its major systems after scientists.
The newest supercomputer [[Perlmutter (supercomputer)|Perlmutter]], is named after [[Saul Perlmutter]], an astrophysicist at Berkeley Lab who shared the 2011 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] for his contributions to research showing that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. It is a [[Cray]] system based on the Shasta architecture, with [[Zen 3]] based [[Epyc|AMD Epyc]] [[Central processing unit|CPUs]] ("Milan") and [[Ampere (microarchitecture)|NVIDIA Ampere]] [[Graphics processing unit|GPUs]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nersc.gov/systems/perlmutter/|title = Perlmutter}}</ref>
Another NERSC supercomputer is Cori, named after [[Gerty Cori]], a [[biochemist]] who was the first American woman to receive a [[Nobel Prize]] in science. Cori is a [[Cray XC40]] system with 622,336 Intel processor cores and a theoretical peak performance of 30 [[petaflop]]/s (30 quadrillion operations per second). Cori was delivered in two phases. The first phase—also known as the Data Partition—was installed in late 2015 and comprises 12 cabinets and more than 1,600 [[Xeon|Intel Xeon]] "Haswell" compute nodes. The second phase<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cori Intel Xeon Phi (KNL) Nodes |url=http://www.nersc.gov/users/computational-systems/cori/configuration/cori-intel-xeon-phi-nodes/ |
NERSC facilities are accessible through the [[Energy Sciences Network]], or ESnet, which is also managed by [[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]] for the Department of Energy.▼
▲* A 100 [[petabyte]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nersc.gov/users/storage-and-file-systems/hpss/about/|title=About|website=www.nersc.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-02-08}}</ref> [[High Performance Storage System]] (HPSS) installation for archival storage. In use since 1998, HPSS is a modern, flexible, performance-oriented mass storage system. NERSC was one of the original developers of HPSS, along with five other DOE labs and IBM.
▲NERSC facilities are accessible through the [[Energy Sciences Network]], or ESnet, which is also managed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for the Department of Energy.
==Projects==
NERSC staff
==NERSC's user community and scientific impact==
In 2021 NERSC was acknowledged in more than 2,000 referenced scientific journal publications. Six Nobel Prize winning individuals or teams have used NERSC in their research.{{Citation needed|date=June 2023}}
In 2022, NERSC supported nearly 9,000 users from universities, national labs, and industries and has users in 50 US states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and 45 countries. {{Citation needed|date=June 2023}} NERSC supported researchers from 514 colleges and universities, 26 Department of Energy National Laboratories, 52 organizations in industry, 31 small businesses, 115 other government labs, and 19 non-profit organizations.{{Citation needed|date=June 2023}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*
*[http://www.nersc.gov/about/nersc-history/ NERSC history]
*[http://www.es.net/ ESnet]
*[http://www.top500.org/ TOP500 list]
*[https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2015/11/12/facility-for-computational-science/ Wang Hall opening at NERSCC]
{{U.S. National Labs |state=autocollapse}}▼
{{University of California|state=autocollapse}}▼
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[[Category:Supercomputer sites]]
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[[Category:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]]
[[Category:Science and technology in the San Francisco Bay Area]]
[[Category:Organizations based in Berkeley, California]]
[[Category:University and college laboratories in the United States]]
▲{{U.S. National Labs}}
▲{{University of California}}
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