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{{short description|River in Wyoming, United States}}
{{Geobox|River
{{Infobox river
<!-- *** Name section *** -->
| name = Lamar River
| native_name =
|category_hide = 1
| native_name_lang =
|native_name =
|other_name name_other =
| name_etymology =
|other_name1 =
<!---------------------- ***IMAGE Image& ***MAP --->
| image = LamarRiver1998.jpg
| image_caption = The Lamar River in 1998 showing trees burned in the [[Yellowstone fires of 1988|1988 wildfires]]
|image_size = 290
| map =
|image_caption = The Lamar River in 1998 showing trees burned in the [[Yellowstone fires of 1988|1988 wildfires]]
| map_size =
<!-- *** Country etc. *** -->
|country map_caption = United States
|country_flag pushpin_map = 1
| pushpin_map_size =
|country1 =
| pushpin_map_caption=
|state = Wyoming
<!---------------------- LOCATION -->
|state1 =
| subdivision_type1 = Country
|state2 =
| subdivision_name1 = [[United States]]
|state3 =
| subdivision_type2 = State
|state_flag = 1
| subdivision_name2 = [[Wyoming]]
|region =
| subdivision_type3 =
|region1 =
| subdivision_name3 =
|district =
| subdivision_type4 =
|district1 =
| subdivision_name4 =
|city =
| subdivision_type5 =
|city1 =
| subdivision_name5 =
|city2 =
<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->
|city3 =
|city4 length = {{convert|40|mi|km|abbr=on}} =
| width_min =
 
| width_avg =
<!-- *** Geography *** -->
|length_imperial width_max = 40
|length_note depth_min = =
|watershed_imperial depth_avg =
|watershed_round depth_max =
| discharge1_location= Tower Ranger Station
|watershed_note =
| discharge1_min =
|discharge_location =
| discharge1_avg = {{convert|884|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://waterdata.usgs.gov/mt/nwis/annual/?format=sites_selection_links&search_site_no=06188000&agency_cd=USGS&amp;referred_module=sw|title = USGS Surface Water data for Montana: USGS Surface-Water Annual Statistics}}</ref>
|discharge_imperial =
| discharge1_max =
|discharge_round =
<!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES -->
|discharge_max_imperial =
|discharge_min_imperial source1 =
| source1_location = [[Absaroka Range]], [[Wyoming]]
|discharge_note =
| source1_coordinates= {{coord|44|21|19|N|109|49|33|W|display=inline}}<ref name="GNIS">{{Gnis|1600818|Lamar River}}, USGS GNIS</ref>
|discharge1_location =
| source1_elevation =
|discharge1_imperial =
| mouth = [[Yellowstone River]]
<!-- *** Source *** -->
| mouth_location = Tower Junction, [[Wyoming]]
|source_name =
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|44|55|45|N|110|24|07|W|display=inline,title}}<ref name="GNIS" />
|source_location = Absaroka Range
| mouth_elevation =
|source_district =
|source_region progression =
|source_state river_system = Wyoming
|source_country basin_size =
| tributaries_left = [[Soda Butte Creek]]
|source_lat_d = 44
| tributaries_right = [[Slough Creek (Wyoming)|Slough Creek]]
|source_lat_m = 21
|source_lat_s custom_label = 19
|source_lat_NS custom_data = N
|source_long_d extra = 109
}}
|source_long_m = 49
The '''Lamar River''' is a tributary of the [[Yellowstone River]], approximately {{Convert|40|mi|km|abbr=out}} long, in northwestern [[Wyoming]] in the [[United States]]. The river is located entirely within [[Yellowstone National Park]].
|source_long_s = 33
|source_long_EW = W
|source_coordinates_note =<ref name="GNIS">{{Gnis|1600818|Lamar River}}, USGS GNIS</ref>
|source_elevation_imperial =
|source_elevation_note =
|source_length_imperial =
<!-- *** Mouth *** -->
|mouth_name = Yellowstone River
|mouth_location = Tower Junction
|mouth_district =
|mouth_region =
|mouth_state = Wyoming
|mouth_country =
|mouth_lat_d = 44
|mouth_lat_m = 55
|mouth_lat_s = 45
|mouth_lat_NS = N
|mouth_long_d = 110
|mouth_long_m = 24
|mouth_long_s = 07
|mouth_long_EW = W
|mouth_coordinates_note =<ref name="GNIS" />
|mouth_elevation_imperial =
|mouth_elevation_note =
<!-- *** Tributaries *** -->
|tributary_left = Soda Butte Creek
|tributary_left1 =
|tributary_left2 =
|tributary_left3 =
|tributary_left4 =
|tributary_left5 =
|tributary_right = [[Slough Creek (Wyoming)|Slough Creek]]
|tributary_right1 =
|tributary_right2 =
|tributary_right3 =
|tributary_right4 =
<!-- *** Free fields *** -->
|free_name =
|free_value =
<!-- *** Map section *** -->
|map =
|map_size =
|map_caption =
}}
The '''Lamar River''' is a tributary of the [[Yellowstone River]], approximately 40 miles (48 km) long, in northwestern [[Wyoming]] in the [[United States]]. The river is located entirely within [[Yellowstone National Park]].
 
== History ==
Prior to the 1884–85 [[Geological Survey]] of the park, the Lamar was known as the East Fork of the Yellowstone River. During that survey, Geologist [[Arnold Hague]] named the river for [[Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar (II)|L.Q.C. (Lucius QuinctiusQuintius Cincinnatus) Lamar]],<ref>{{cite book | url=httphttps://booksarchive.google.comorg/books?id=9V1IAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA180#v=onepage&q&f=falsedetails/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ | title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States | publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office|Government Printing Office]] | author=Gannett, Henry | year=1905 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n179 180]}}</ref> then Secretary of the Interior (March 1885 – January 1888)., and a former slaveholder and author of the [[Mississippi Ordinance of Secession]]. The Lamar Valley, or the ''Secluded Valley'' of Trapper [[Osborne Russell]] and other park features or administrative names which contain ''Lamar'' are derived from this original naming.<ref>{{cite book |last=Haines |first=Aubrey L. |title=Yellowstone Place Names-Mirrors of History |publisher=University Press of Colorado |location=Niwot, Colorado |pages=106–107 |isbn=0-87081-382-X |year=1996 }}</ref>
 
Osborne Russell in his 1921 ''Journal of a Trapper'' described the Lamar as follows:
<small>{{quotationblockquote|'''Chapter-VI-In the Yellowstone Country-A Garden of Eden Inhabited By a Small Party of Snake Indians''' - On the 28th [July 1834] we crossed the mountain in a westerly direction through the thick pines and fallen timber, about twelve miles, and encamped in a small prairie about a mile in circumference. Through this valley ran a small stream in a northerly direction, which all agreed in believing to be a branch of the Yellowstone. 29th-We descended the stream about fifteen miles through the dense forest and at length came to a beautiful valley about eight miles long and three or four wide, surrounded by dark and lofty mountains. The stream, after running through the center in a northwesterly direction, rushed down a tremendous canyon of basaltic rock apparently just wide enough to admit its waters. The banks of the stream in the valley were low and skirted in many places with beautiful cottonwood groves. Here we found a few Snake Indians comprising six men, seven women and eight or ten children, who were the only inhabitants of the lonely and secluded spot.|Osborne Russell, ''Journal of a Trapper'',1921<ref>{{cite book |last=Russell |first=Osborne |authorlink=Osborne Russell |url=httphttps://booksarchive.google.comorg/books?id=t26YQzjsTBkC&oe=UTF-8details/journalatrapper00yorkgoog |title=Journal of a Trapper-Nine Years in the Rocky Mountains (1834-1843) |publisher=Symes-York Company |location=Boise, Idaho |year=1921 |page=[https://archive.org/details/journalatrapper00yorkgoog/page/n49 31]}}</ref>}}</small>
 
In 1869, the [[Cook–Folsom–Peterson Expedition]] encountered the Lamar River (East Fork) just upstream from the canyon section flowing into the Yellowstone and traveled upstream to the confluence of Calfee Creek where they camped on September 16, 1869.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cook |first=Charles W. |author2=Folsom, Dave E. |author3=Peterson, William |editor=Haines, Aubrey L. |title=The Valley of the Upper Yellowstone-An Exploration of the Headwaters of the Yellowstone River in the Year 1869 |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |location=Norman, OK |year=1965 |pages=26–27 }}</ref>
 
==Location and tributaries ==
It rises in the [[Absaroka Range]], on the eastern edge of the park, and flows northwest through the northeast corner of the park. It is joined by many tributary streams, including [[Soda Butte Creek]] and [[Slough Creek (Wyoming)|Slough Creek]] and joins the Yellowstone near [[Grand Loop Road Historic District|Tower Junction]], below the [[Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone]]. The river flows through a portion of the park hit hard by the [[Yellowstone fires of 1988|1988 wildfires]].
 
==Angling==
The Lamar River, with its tributaries is a popular destination for [[fly fishing]] in Yellowstone Park.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mathews |first=Craig |author2=Molinero, Clayton |title=The Yellowstone Fly-Fishing Guide—An authoritative guide to the waters of Yellowstone National Park |publisher=The Lyons Press |location=Guilford, CT |year=1997 |isbn=1-55821-545-X }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Parks |first=Richard |authorlink=Parks' Fly Shop |title=Fishing Yellowstone National Park |year=1998 |publisher=Falcon Press |location=Helena, MT |isbn=1-56044-625-0 }}</ref> The access is very easy and the cutthroat fishing is some of the best in the world. There are some [[rainbow trout]] in the river below the road bridge, but the primary fishing throughout the drainage is for [[Yellowstone cutthroat trout]]. Cutthroat trout in the Lamar offer good dry fly fishing with heavy hatches of caddis, pale morning duns, and large Green Drakes in July. Terrestrials are prominent in late summer.<ref>{{cite book |last=Parks |first=Richard |title=Fishing Yellowstone National Park |year=1998 |publisher=Falcon Press |location=Helena, MT |isbn=1-56044-625-0 |pages=190–94 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Mathews |first=Craig |author2=Molinero, Clayton |title=The Yellowstone Fly-Fishing Guide-A authoritative guide to the waters of Yellowstone National Park |publisher=The Lyons Press |location=Guilford, CT |year=1997 |isbn=1-55821-545-X |pages=77–81}}</ref>
The Lamar and its tributaries are not usually fishable until about the second week of July, because of high water, so check conditions by contacting local fly stores.
The National Park Service has made frequent changes to the regulations for the Lamar and for its tributaries including Slough Creek and Soda Butte, and in 2018 has made significant new changes. Anglers are now required to kill all non-native fish, including rainbow trout, brook trout, and identifiable rainbow/cutthroat hybrids throughout the Lamar drainage. On page 14 of the 2018 regulations they still say that if it has a red slash put it back, but that is clearly superseded by the region specific requirement that if a fish landed in the Lamar drainage is clearly identifiable as a hybrid then it must be killed, even if it has a red slash, with the caveat that "if you don't know, let it go." Another significant change to the Park-wide fishing regulations is that felt soles are no longer permitted on waders. Other Park-wide regulations, that continue from previous years, are that barbed hooks, lead weights, lead split shot, and live bait are banned.<ref name=YNPFishReg>{{cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/yell/planyourvisit/fishing_ne.htm |title=Fishing in Yellowstone's Northeast |publisher=National Park Service |accessdate=2017-05-26}}</ref>
 
== Wildlife ==
[[File:Wolfroad.jpg|thumb|A black and gray female wolf on the roadway near the Lamar River bridge]]
[[File:Bison and pronghorn in Lamar Valley (27426095772).jpg|thumb|A herd of [[bison]] and [[pronghorn]] in Lamar Valley]]
It rises in the [[Absaroka Range]], on the eastern edge of the park, and flows northwest through the northeast corner of the park. It is joined by many tributary streams, including [[Soda Butte Creek]] and [[Slough Creek (Wyoming)|Slough Creek]] and joins the Yellowstone near [[Grand Loop Road Historic District|Tower Junction]], just below the [[Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone]].
Along the river, there are pronghorn, bison, and bear within the area of the Lamar River Valley. Around the world, it is one of the most consistent environments to view wolves.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/yell/planyourvisit/upload/RI_2016_FINAL_Ecosystem_web.pdf|title=Plan Your Visit - Yellowstone National Park}}</ref> There are two famous wolf packs in the area. The Lamar Canyon and Junction Butte wolf packs inhabit the area along the Lamar River.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yellowstonepark.com/things-to-do/lamar-hayden-valley|title=My Yellowstone Park - Watch Wildlife in the Lamar Valley and Hayden Valley|last=Kwak-Hefferan|first=Elisabeth|date=27 February 2018|website=My Yellowstone Park}}</ref> and is widely known as one of the best places in Yellowstone National Park to view wildlife, especially [[grizzly bears]] and [[Gray wolf|wolves]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=French|first=Brett|date=September 27, 2021|title=Montana wolf hunt criticized by Yellowstone Park superintendent|url=https://billingsgazette.com/news/state-and-regional/montana-wolf-hunt-criticized-by-yellowstone-park-superintendent/article_1bd50d28-d454-5afc-9e2b-db65c2aa3fbd.html|access-date=2021-09-28|work=Billings Gazette|language=en}}</ref> Three locations in the valley—Soda Butte, Crystal Creek and Rose Creek were the sites for the 1995 [[History of wolves in Yellowstone|re-introduction of wolves]] into Yellowstone.<ref name="95-96YNPReport">{{cite report |title=Yellowstone Wolf Project-Biennial Report 1995-96 |url= http://www.nps.gov/yell/naturescience/upload/wolfrep95-96.pdf |publisher=National Park Service |date=1997 |last=Phillips, Michael K and Smith Douglas W. }}</ref> Birds in the area include osprey and bald eagle. The area along the Lamar River is often referred to as America's Serengeti.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yellowstonepark.com/things-to-do/lamar-hayden-valley|title=My Yellowstone Park - Watch Wildlife in Lamar Valley and Hayden Valley|last=Kwak-Hefferan|first=Elisabeth|date=27 September 2018|website=My Yellowstone Park}}</ref>
 
== Hiking ==
The river is a popular destination for [[fly fishing]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Mathews |first=Craig |author2=Molinero, Clayton |title=The Yellowstone Fly-Fishing Guide—An authoritative guide to the waters of Yellowstone National Park |publisher=The Lyons Press |location=Guilford, CT |year=1997 |isbn=1-55821-545-X }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Parks |first=Richard |authorlink=Parks' Fly Shop |title=Fishing Yellowstone National Park |year=1998 |publisher=Falcon Press |location=Helena, MT |isbn=1-56044-625-0 }}</ref> and is widely known as one of the best places in Yellowstone National Park to view wildlife, especially [[grizzly bears]] and [[Gray wolf|wolves]]. Three locations in the valley—Soda Butte, Crystal Creek and Rose Creek were the sites for the 1995 [[History of Wolves in Yellowstone|re-introduction of wolves]] into Yellowstone.<ref name=95-96YNPReport>{{cite report |title=Yellowstone Wolf Project-Biennial Report 1995-96 |url= http://www.nps.gov/yell/naturescience/upload/wolfrep95-96.pdf |publisher=National Park Service |date=1997 |last=Phillips, Michael K and Smith Douglas W. }}</ref> The river flows through a portion of the park hit hard by the [[Yellowstone fires of 1988|1988 wildfires]].
The Lamar River Trail is a seven mile long round-trip hiking trail. The trail's hiking difficulty is easy and the trip can be completed in one day. Along this trail, it is possible to see the extensive wildlife habitat the area has to offer. Even if one does not hike the entire trail, even only when hiking a few miles you will be near herds of bison along the trail. There are two great campsites, 3L1 and 3L2, along the trail within the area near Cache Creek. However, campsite 3L2 can be hard to access in the spring when the Lamar River is high, as it requires a ford in order to reach it. Along the upper sections of the trail one can find outfitters offering guided trips on horseback to go deep into the wilderness.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.trailguidesyellowstone.com/yellowstone_hikes/lamar_river_trail_yellowstone.php#trail_description|title=Trail Guides Yellowstone - Lamar River Trail to Cache Creek, Yellowstone National Park|website=Trail Guides Yellowstone}}</ref>
 
==Climate==
{{Weather box
|width=auto
|collapsed= yes
|location = Lamar Ranger Station, elev. {{convert|6600|ft}}
|single line = yes
|Jan high F = 24.6
|Feb high F = 30.7
|Mar high F = 37.5
|Apr high F = 48.7
|May high F = 60.6
|Jun high F = 68.4
|Jul high F = 78.2
|Aug high F = 76.6
|Sep high F = 68.0
|Oct high F = 55.8
|Nov high F = 37.4
|Dec high F = 26.8
|year high F = 51.1
|Jan low F = 0.8
|Feb low F = 4.2
|Mar low F = 9.1
|Apr low F = 20.0
|May low F = 27.2
|Jun low F = 33.3
|Jul low F = 36.3
|Aug low F = 34.2
|Sep low F = 27.1
|Oct low F = 20.1
|Nov low F = 11.1
|Dec low F = 1.9
|year low F = 18.8
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 0.97
|Feb precipitation inch = 0.63
|Mar precipitation inch = 0.67
|Apr precipitation inch = 0.90
|May precipitation inch = 1.45
|Jun precipitation inch = 2.05
|Jul precipitation inch = 1.40
|Aug precipitation inch = 1.36
|Sep precipitation inch = 1.45
|Oct precipitation inch = 0.94
|Nov precipitation inch = 0.79
|Dec precipitation inch = 0.89
|year precipitation inch = 13.51
|Jan snow inch = 20.7
|Feb snow inch = 15.0
|Mar snow inch = 13.4
|Apr snow inch = 8.5
|May snow inch = 1.9
|Jun snow inch = 0.3
|Jul snow inch = 0
|Aug snow inch = 0
|Sep snow inch = 1.9
|Oct snow inch = 4.0
|Nov snow inch = 10.9
|Dec snow inch = 17.6
|year snow inch = 94.2
|date=May 2017}}
 
{{Gallery
Line 120 ⟶ 147:
|footer=
|width=150
|lines=2
|File:LamarRiver1959.jpg|Lamar River, 1959
|File:LamarRiver1969.jpg|Lamar River, 1969
|File:LamarRiver1977.jpg|Lamar River, 1977
|File:LamarRiverJanuary2009.jpg|Lamar River, January 2009
|File:Lamar Valley September 2018.jpg|Photo from September 2018 looking from the Lamar River to the northeast toward Bison Peak
}}
 
Line 138 ⟶ 165:
{{Wyoming}}
 
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Rivers and streams of Wyoming]]
 
[[Category:Rivers of Wyoming]]
[[Category:Rivers of Yellowstone National Park]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Yellowstone River]]
[[Category:LandformsRivers of Park County, Wyoming]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamar_River"