Radiopharmaceutical: Difference between revisions

[[File:Radiopharmaceutical.jpg|200px|thumbnail|right| A [[carbon-11]] labelled radiopharmaceutical]]{{ATC code V}}'''Radiopharmaceuticals''', or '''medicinal radiocompounds''', are a group of [[pharmaceutical drug]]s which havecontaining [[radioactivityradioactive isotope]]s. Radiopharmaceuticals can be used as [[medical diagnosis|diagnostic]] and [[therapy|therapeutic]] agents. Radiopharmaceuticals emit radiation themselves, which is different from [[contrast media]] which absorb or alter external electromagnetism or ultrasound. [[Radiopharmacology]] is the branch of pharmacology that specializes in these agents.

The main group of these compounds are the [[radioactive tracer|radiotracer]]s used to diagnose dysfunction in body [[tissue (biology)|tissues]]. While not all [[medical isotopes]] are radioactive, radiopharmaceuticals are the oldest and stillremain the most common of such drugs.

==Drug nomenclature for radiopharmaceuticals==

As with other pharmaceutical drugs, there is [[standardization]] of the [[drug nomenclature]] for radiopharmaceuticals, although various standards coexist. The [[International Nonproprietary Name]]s (INNs), [[United States Pharmacopeia]] (USP) names, and [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry|IUPAC]] names for these agents are usually similar other than trivial style differences.<ref name="AMA_10e_15.9.2">{{Citation |last=Iverson |firsteditor-last=Cheryl,| et al. (eds)display-editors=etal |title=[[AMA Manual of Style]] |edition=10th |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Oxford, Oxfordshire |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-19-517633-9 |chapter=15.9.2 Radiopharmaceuticals |chapter-url=http://www.amamanualofstyle.com/ |postscript=.}}</ref> The details are explained at ''[[Radiopharmacology#Drug nomenclature for radiopharmaceuticals|Radiopharmacology § Drug nomenclature for radiopharmaceuticals]]''.

A list of '''nuclear medicine radiopharmaceuticals''' follows. Some radioisotopes* are used in [[ion]]ic or [[Chemically inert|inert]] form without attachment to a pharmaceutical,; these are also included. There is a section for each [[radioisotope]] with a table of radiopharmaceuticals using that radioisotope. The sections are ordered alphabetically by the English name of the radioisotope. Sections for the same [[Chemical element|element]] are then ordered by [[atomic mass number]].

|Brain tumour imaging<br />

|Breath test to detect ''[[Helicobacter pylori]]''

[[Fluorine-18|¹⁸F]] is a [[positron]] emitter with a half -life of 109 minutes. It is produced in medical cyclotrons, usually from oxygen-18, and then chemically attached to a pharmaceutical. See [[PET scan]]formulation.

|Tumor imaging<br />

[[Gallium|⁶⁷Ga]] is a [[gamma ray|gamma]] emitter. See [[gallium scan]].

[[Gallium|⁶⁸Ga]] is a [[positron]] emitter, with a 68-minute [[half -life]], produced by [[elution]] from germanium-68 in a [[gallium-68 generator]]. Seeor alsoby [[positronproton emissionirradiation tomography]]of zinc-68.

|[[Cisternography]]

[[Iodine-123|Iodine-123]] (I-123)]] is a [[gamma ray|gamma]] emitter. It is used only diagnostically, as its radiation is penetrating and short-lived.

|Thyroid imaging<br />

!Imaging / non-imaging the radio activeradioactive substance

|Cerebral blood flow imaging<br />

!TreatmentInvestigation of

|[[Rubidium-82 chloride|Rb-82 Chloridechloride]]

[[Technetium|⁹⁹Tc-99m]] is a [[gamma ray|gamma]] emitter. It is obtained on-site at the imaging center as the soluble pertechnetate which is eluted from a [[technetium-99m generator]], and then either used directly as this soluble salt, or else used to synthesize a number of [[technetium-99m]]-based radiopharmaceuticals.

!''In-vitro''  / ''in-vivo''

!Imaging  / non-imaging

|[[Thyroid]] uptake and thyroid imaging<br />

Stomach and salivary gland imaging<br />

[[Meckel's diverticulum]] imaging<br />

Brain imaging<br />

Micturating cystogram<br />

First pass blood flow imaging<br />

|Renal imaging<br />First pass blood flow studies<br />Brain imaging

|Bone marrow imaging<br />

|Esophageal transit and reflux imaging<br />

|Red cell volume<br />

|GI bleeding<br />

[[MUGA scan|Cardiac blood pool imaging]]<br />

|Renal imaging<br />

First pass blood flow imaging<br />

|[[Sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy|Parathyroid imaging]]<br />

Non-specific tumor imaging<br />

Thyroid tumor imaging<br />

Breast imaging<br />

|Parathyroid imaging<br />

|Non-specific tumor imaging<br />

Thyroid tumor imaging<br />

Myocardial imaging<br />

*{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Radiopharmaceuticals| ]]

[[Category:Drugs by structure]]