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→Byzantine usage: Moved image of an archimandrite wearing a mitre to "Russian usage" where it is in scope; removed (for now, at least) an image of a non-Byzantine crozier since no section for it is present. |
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The term derives from the Greek: the first element from {{lang|grc|ἀρχι-}} ''archi-'' meaning "highest" or from ''archon'' "ruler"; and the second root from {{lang|grc|μάνδρα}} ''mandra'' meaning "enclosure" or "corral", "pen" and denoting a "monastery" (compare the usage of "flock" for "congregation").
The title has been in common use since the 5th century, but is mentioned for the first time in a letter to [[Epiphanius of Salamis|Epiphanius]], prefixed to his [[Panarion|''Panarium'']] (
When the supervision of monasteries passed to another episcopal official—the Great [[Sakellarios]] ("[[sacristan]]")—the title of archimandrite became an honorary one for abbots of important monasteries (compared to an ordinary abbot, a [[hegumenos]]).
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=== Russian usage ===
[[File:Archimandrit Martin Marek Krupica.jpg|thumb|Archimandrite {{interlanguage link|Martin Marek Krupica|cs}} fully vested with mitre]]
In 1764, the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] organized its monasteries and ranked them in one of three classes, awarding only the abbots at the head of monasteries of the second or first class the title of archimandrite. Abbots of third class monasteries were to be styled "hegumen".
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An archimandrite who does not function as an abbot has the style "The Very Reverend Archimandrite" whilst one with abbatial duties uses the style "The Right Reverend Archimandrite".
The word occurs in the ''Regula Columbani'' (c. 7), and [[Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange|du Cange]] gives a few other cases of its use in Latin documents, but it never came into vogue in the West; yet, owing to intercourse with Greek and Slavonic Christianity, the title sometimes appears in southern Italy and Sicily, and in Croatia, Hungary and Poland.<ref name="EB1911"/> From 1979, there is at least one exemplar in Britain.<ref>
==References==
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