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{{Short description|Field of treating cancer through surgery}}
{{Infobox Occupation
| name= Surgical Oncologist
| image=
| caption=
| official_names=
* Physician
* Surgeon
| type= [[Specialty (medicine)|Specialty]]
| activity_sector= [[Medicine]], [[Surgery]]
| competencies=
| formation=
* [[Doctor of Medicine]] (M.D.)
* [[Doctor of Osteopathic medicine]] (D.O.)
* [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery]] (M.B.B.S.)
* [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery]] (MBChB)
| employment_field= [[Hospital]]s, [[Clinic]]s
| related_occupation=
}}
'''Surgical oncology''' is the branch of [[surgery]] applied to [[oncology]]; it focuses on the surgical management of [[neoplasm|tumors]], especially [[cancer]]ous tumors.
As one of several modalities in the [[management of cancer]], the specialty of surgical oncology has evolved in steps similar to
==Debate==
Whether surgical oncology constitutes a medical specialty ''per se'' is the topic of a heated debate. Today, some would agree that it is simply impossible for any one surgeon to be competent in the surgical management of ''all'' malignant disease
Most often, ''surgical oncologist'' refers to a general surgical oncologist (a subspecialty of [[general surgery]]), but thoracic surgical oncologists, gynecologic oncologists and so forth can all be considered surgeons who specialize in treating cancer patients.
==Training==
The importance of training surgeons who sub-specialize in cancer surgery lies in evidence, supported by a number of [[clinical trials]],<ref>[https://ccr.cancer.gov/surgical-oncology-program/clinical-trials Surgical Oncology Program Clinical Trials]</ref> that outcomes in surgical cancer care are positively associated to surgeon volume—i.e., the more [[cancer]] cases a surgeon treats, the more proficient he or she becomes, and his or her patients experience improved survival rates as a result. This is another controversial point, but it is generally accepted—even as common sense—that a surgeon who performs a given operation more often, will achieve superior results when compared with a surgeon who rarely performs the same procedure. This is particularly true of complex cancer resections such as, [[Breast Cancer Surgery]], [[pancreaticoduodenectomy]] (Whipple procedure) for pancreatic cancer, and [[gastrectomy]] with extended (D2) [[lymphadenectomy]] for gastric cancer. In the United States and Canada, fellowship trained surgical oncologists have among the longest training periods of any physicians/surgeons. In some areas like [[Breast Diseases]] and [[Breast Cancer]] there we know as Breast Surgeon the specialist that only works with patients with [[breast diseases]] and [[breast cancer]]. A training period (clinical and research) of 6 to 8 years is typical and 8–10 years is not uncommon.
==Surgical oncology types and forms==
These are the most common types and forms of oncological surgery:<ref>{{cite web | title = How Surgery Is Used for Cancer | publisher = American Cancer Society | url = https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/treatment-types/surgery/how-surgery-is-used-for-cancer.html | access-date = 22 Sep 2020}}</ref>
* surgery to diagnose cancer
* surgery to [[Cancer staging|stage cancer]]
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* preventive (prophylactic) surgery.<ref>[https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/treatment-types/surgery/how-surgery-is-used-for-cancer.html How Surgery Is Used for Cancer] American Cancer Society.</ref>
==Surgical oncology
Newer surgical techniques are less invasive, use different types of surgical instruments, and lead to less pain and shorter recovery times. The most effective surgical oncology techniques are:
* [[
* [[electrosurgery]]
* [[radiofrequency]] ablation▼
* [[mohs surgery]]▼
* [[laparoscopic surgery]]
*
▲* [[mohs surgery]]
▲* [[radiofrequency]] ablation
* [[robotic surgery]] and other forms of surgery.<ref>[https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/treatment-types/surgery/special-surgical-techniques.html Special Surgical Techniques] American Cancer Society.</ref>
* thoracoscopic surgery
==Books==
One of the first text books dedicated to surgical oncology was written by the American-Irish surgeon, Theodore O'Connell in 1981.<ref>{{cite book |author-last=O'Connell |author-first=Theodore |title=Surgical Oncology |date=1981 |publisher=G. K. Hall & Co., Boston, Mass.|ISBN=9780816121571}}</ref> Many publications in surgical oncology are also appearing. The majority are large reference textbooks that seemingly combine specialties that are not generally practiced by a single practitioner but cover the academic subject. A number of practical handbooks such as "surgical oncology" in the well read Oxford Handbooks series, have recently been published, perhaps alluding to the evolving practicality of this emerging discipline.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}
==See also==
*[[Cancer Diagnostic Probe]]
==References==
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*[https://www.essoweb.org/ European Society of Surgical Oncology]
*[http://www.surgonc.org Society of Surgical Oncology]
*[https://www.kokilabenhospital.com/ Oncology kokilaben Hospital]
*[https://www.zanishcancerhospital.com/oncologist-surgeon-rajasthan.php Rajasthan Society of Oncology]
{{Medicine}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Surgical oncology| ]]
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