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{{Short description|Skin condition}}
{{Cleanup|date=March 2009}}
{{RefimproveMore citations needed|date=JuneJuly 20082022}}
{{Infobox diseasemedical condition (new)
| Namename = Sun poisoning
| Image synonyms = Sun poisoning.JPG
| ImageSizeimage = 200px = Photodermatitis.jpg
| width =
| Caption = An image of a patch of sun poisoning on the left forearm
| caption = A case of photodermatitis as a result of lemons
| DiseasesDB = 24609▼
| ICD10 pronounce = {{ICD10|L|57|8|l|55}}
| ICD9 field = {{ICD9|692.79}}
| ICDO symptoms =
| OMIM complications =
| MedlinePlusonset = =
| eMedicineSubjduration = =
| types =
| eMedicineTopic = ▼
| MeshIDcauses = D010787
| risks =
| diagnosis =
| differential =
| prevention =
| treatment =
| medication =
| prognosis =
| frequency =
| deaths =
}}
'''Photodermatitis''', sometimes referred to as '''sun poisoning''' or '''photoallergy''', is a form of [[allergic contact dermatitis]] in which the [[allergen]] must be activated by light to sensitize the allergic response, and to cause a [[rash]] or other systemic effects on subsequent exposure. The second and subsequent exposures produce photoallergic skin conditions which are often [[eczema]]tous. InIt rareis casesdistinct thefrom victims die[[sunburn]].
 
==Signs and symptoms==
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==Causes==
Many medications and conditions can cause sun sensitivity, including:
* [[Sulfonamide (medicine)|Sulfa]] used in some drugs, among them some antibiotics, diuretics, COX-2 inhibitors, and diabetes drugs.<ref>[http://allergies.about.com/od/medicationallergies/a/sulfa.htm Sulfa Allergy Symptoms and Risks]</ref>
* [[Psoralen]]s, [[coal tar]]s, photo-active dyes ([[eosin]], [[acridine orange]])
* [[Musk ambrette]], [[methylcoumarin]], [[lemon oil]] (may be present in fragrances)
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* [[Oxybenzone]] (UVA and UVB chemical blocker also in sunscreens) <ref>Rodriguez E, Valbuena MC, Rey M, Porras de Quintana L. 2006. Causal agents of photoallergic contact dermatitis diagnosed in the national institute of dermatology of Colombia. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 22(4): 189-192.</ref>
* [[Salicylanilide]] (found in industrial cleaners)
* [[St John's Wort]], used to treat [[clinical depressionwort]]
* [[Hexachlorophene]] (found in some ℞prescription antibacterial soaps)
* Contact with sap from [[Giant Hogweed]]. [[Common Rue]] (Ruta graveolens) is another phototoxic plant commonly found in gardens. Phototoxicity caused by plants is called [[phytophotodermatitis]].
* [[Tetracycline antibiotics]] (e.g., [[tetracycline]], [[doxycycline]], [[minocycline]])
* [[Benzoyl peroxide]]
* [[Retinoid]]s (e.g., [[isotretinoin]])
* Some [[NSAID]]s (e.g., [[ibuprofen]], [[naproxen sodium]])
* [[Quinolone antibiotic|Fluoroquinolone antibiotic]]: [[Sparfloxacin]] in 2% of cases
* [[Amiodarone]], used to treat [[atrial fibrillation]]
* [[Pellagra]] ([[Vitamin B3]] deficiency)
 
Photo dermatitis can also be caused by plants like the [[Dictamnus]] (commonly known as the "Burning Bush") which is a [[genus]] of the [[angiosperms|flowering plant]] in the [[Rutaceae]] family. This is called [[phytophotodermatitis]].
Photodermatitis can also be caused by plants such as ''[[Ammi majus]]'', [[parsnip]], giant hogweed (''[[Heracleum mantegazzianum]]''), common rue (''[[Ruta graveolens]]''), and ''[[Dictamnus]]'', a [[genus]] of [[angiosperms|flowering plants]] in the family [[Rutaceae]] with a single species ''Dictamnus albus'', commonly called the burning bush. Photodermatitis caused by plants is called [[phytophotodermatitis]].
 
==Prevention==
*WearPrevention includes avoiding exposure to chemicals that can trigger the reaction, such as by wearing gloves, or avoiding sunlight or wearing [[sunscreen]]<ref>[httphttps://classic-web.archive.org/web/20070927033635/http://www.aad.org/public/Publications/pamphlets/SunandSkin.htm Archived AAD - The Sun and Your Skin], "Allergic Reactions" section</ref><ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.aad.org/media-resources/stats-and-facts/prevention-and-care/sunscreens |title=AAD - Sunscreens] |access-date=2011-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140721190111/http://www.aad.org/media-resources/stats-and-facts/prevention-and-care/sunscreens |archive-date=2014-07-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref> preferably with at least factor 30 and with a high UVA protection level on the affected area. And by addressing any risk factors, such as those listed above. ▼
Prevention includes avoiding exposure to the sun and wearing sun block on the affected area.
 
*Cover up: wear long sleeves, slacks, and a wide-brimmed hat whenever harsh exposure is probable
*Avoid chemicals that may trigger a reaction
▲*Wear [[sunscreen]]<ref>[http://classic-web.archive.org/web/20070927033635/http://www.aad.org/public/Publications/pamphlets/SunandSkin.htm Archived AAD - The Sun and Your Skin], "Allergic Reactions" section</ref><ref>[http://www.aad.org/media-resources/stats-and-facts/prevention-and-care/sunscreens AAD - Sunscreens]</ref> at least factor 30 with a high UVA protection level
*Wear [[gloves]] and/or remain indoors after handling fruits or plants which increase sensitivity to light
*Drink plenty of [[water]] to keep hydrated when spending a lot of time under sun.<ref>{{cite web|title=HW - Sun Poisoning|url=http://www.healthwhoop.com/sun-poisoning/}}</ref>
 
==See also==
* [[Light sensitivityPhytophotodermatitis]]
* [[Photosensitivity]]
* [[Solar urticaria]]
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{{Reflist}}
 
== External links ==
{{Medical resources
▲ | DiseasesDB = 24609
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|L|57|8|l|55}}
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|692.79}}
| ICDO =
| OMIM =
| MedlinePlus =
| eMedicineSubj =
▲ | eMedicineTopic =
| MeshID = D010787
}}
{{Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue}}
{{Authority control}}
 
[[Category:Skin conditions resulting from physical factors]]
[[Category:Lip disorders]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodermatitis"