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== Convention leadership and members ==
{{main|1970 Philippine Constitutional Convention election}}
A special election was held on November 10, 1970, to elect the delegates of the convention.<ref name="Kasaysayan9ch10"/>{{rp|page="130"}} Once the winners had been determined, the convention was convened on June 1, 1971, at the Manila Hotel<ref>{{Cite web |title=Republic Act No. 6176 |url=https://lawlibrary.chanrobles.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=76594:republic-act-no-6176&catid=2134&Itemid=738 |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=lawlibrary.chanrobles.com}}</ref> and was later transferred in 1972 to the then-newly completed [[Quezon City Hall]].<ref name="KatePedroso&MinervaGeneralao20160921">{{Cite news |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/817651/september-1972-recalling-the-last-days-and-hours-of-democracy |title=September 1972: Recalling the last days and hours of democracy |last=Pedroso |first=Kate |date=September 21, 2016 |access-date=October 20, 2018 |last2=Generalao |first2=Minerva |language=en}}</ref>
Former Philippine President [[Carlos P. Garcia]] was sworn in as the President of the Constitutional Convention on the day the convention was convened, but died thirteen days after taking oath. Former President [[Diosdado Macapagal]] replaced Garcia.<ref>{{cite web|title=The election for the Presidency of the 1971 Constitutional Convention|url=http://tumblr.malacanang.gov.ph/post/42089411636/the-election-for-the-presidency-of-the-1971|website=Official Tumblr page of the Presidential Museum and Library|
A total of 320 delegates were elected to the convention, the most prominent being former senators [[Raul Manglapus]] and [[Roseller T. Lim]]. Other delegates would become influential political figures, including [[Hilario Davide, Jr.]], [[Marcelo Fernan]], [[Sotero Laurel]], [[Aquilino Pimentel, Jr.]], [[Teofisto Guingona, Jr.]], [[Raul Roco]], [[Edgardo Angara]], [[Richard Gordon (politician)|Richard Gordon]], [[Margarito Teves]], and Federico Dela Plana.<ref name="Kasaysayan9ch10"/><ref name=delegates/>
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!'''[[Agusan del Norte]]'''
|'''Lone District'''
|[[Edelmiro Amante|Edelmiro A. Amante]]<br />Antonio R. Tupaz
|-
!'''[[Agusan del Sur]]'''
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! rowspan=3 | '''[[Batangas]]'''
|'''First District'''
|[[Felixberto Serrano|Felixberto M. Serrano]]<br />[[Antonio de las Alas]]
|-
|'''Second District'''
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!'''[[Bukidnon]]'''
|'''Lone District'''
|Dante Sarraga<br />[[Moro Lorenzo|Luis R. Lorenzo]]<br />Alfredo J. Lagamon
|-
! rowspan=2 | '''[[Bulacan]]'''
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|-
|'''Second District'''
|Manuel C. Cruz<br />Justino P. Hermoso<br />Cesar B. Serapio<br />[[Magtanggol C. Gunigundo|Magtanggol C. Guinigundo]]
|-
! rowspan=2 | '''[[Cagayan]]'''
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|-
|'''Second District'''
|[[Edmundo B. Cea|Edmundo C. Cea]]<br />Domingo M. Guevarra<br />Eddie P. Alanis<br />[[Lilia de Lima|Lilia B. de Lima]]<br />Felix R. Alfelor, Jr.
|-
!'''[[Camiguin]]'''
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|-
|'''Second District'''
|Emilio M. de la Cruz II<br />[[Oscar Ledesma]]
|-
|'''Third District'''
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!'''[[Zamboanga del Sur]]'''
|'''Lone District'''
|Vincenzo A. Sagun<br />[[Roseller T. Lim]]<br />Wilfredo G. Cainglet<br />Antonio M. Ceniza<br />[[Maria Clara Lobregat|Maria Clara L. Lobregat]]<br />Teodoro C. Araneta<br />Pedro M. Rodriguez, Jr.<br />Ramon V. Blancia<br />Benjamin A. Rodriguez
|-
|}
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Ever since the convention was convened, the "progressive bloc" of the convention believed that Marcos was influencing the proceedings through the votes of delegates allied to the Marcoses and Imelda's family, the Romualdezes.<ref name="Kasaysayan9ch10"/> This suspicion was further strengthened on May 19, 1972, when [[Eduardo Quintero (Filipino diplomat)|Eduardo Quintero]] – a former Ambassador to the United Nations and the elected Constitutional Convention delegate for [[Leyte]]'s first district – alleged that some of the delegates, including himself, had been receiving money from a "Money Lobby" in the convention. In his speech on the plenary, Quintero accused fellow delegates that were for the moment unnamed of bribing him P11,150 to vote in support of provisions that would prolong the political career of the Marcoses and against those that would hamper it.<ref name="BantayogQuintero"/> The major provisions that would have greatly impacted the political surivival of the Marcos family were the proposals to a shift to [[Parliamentary system|parliamentarianism]] which would have enabled President Marcos to run as [[Prime minister|Prime Minister]] unhampered by the term limits set in the [[presidential system]] of the 1935 constitution as well as the "Ban Marcos" provisions of Napoleon Rama. Quintero himself was politically indebted to the Marcoses because he was elected with the aid of Imelda Marcos' brother, but he said that he finally wanted "to do the correct thing".<ref name="BantayogQuintero"/><ref>{{Cite web|last=Tasyo|first=Pilosopong|date=2017-08-29|title=Pilosopong Tasyo speaks ...: THE QUINTERO EXPOSE|url=http://philipjrlustre.blogspot.com/2017/08/the-quintero-expose.html|access-date=2021-09-22|website=Pilosopong Tasyo speaks ...}}</ref>
Quintero eventually released a three-page sworn statement that named 14 persons involved in the bribery scheme. The list included 12 of Quintero's fellow Convention delegates, the wife of delegate Artemio Mate, and Imelda Marcos.<ref name="Newsbreak20030217">{{Cite news |url=http://archives.newsbreak-knowledge.ph/2003/02/17/looking-back-the-1971-constitutional-convention-2/ |title=Looking Back: The 1971 Constitutional Convention |date=February 17, 2003 |work=Newsbreak |access-date=June 2, 2018 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524013255/http://archives.newsbreak-knowledge.ph/2003/02/17/looking-back-the-1971-constitutional-convention-2/ |archive-date=May 24, 2018
The exposé tainted the convention, angered the anti-Marcos opposition, and scandalized the country. [[Manila]] drivers plastered signs reading "Mabuhay Quintero!" ("Long Live Quintero!") on the sides of their cars in the days after Quintero's exposé.<ref name="Kasaysayan9ch10"/> Later historians<ref name="Kasaysayan9ch10"/> note that this would have jeopardized any efforts on Marcos' part to hold on to power beyond the two four-year terms allowed him by the 1935 Constitution, but the social unrest brought about by Marcos' 1970 debt crisis enabled him to stay in power anyway – by declaring martial law.<ref name="Kasaysayan9ch10"/>
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The work of the convention was affected by the declaration of martial law in September 1972 by President Marcos. The military units assigned to implement the law were given a list of 400 individuals to arrest, consisting mostly of outspoken critics of Marcos' administration. This included a number of members of the Constitutional Convention.<ref name="Kasaysayan9ch10"/>
Some of the individuals on the list, such as [[Raul Manglapus]],<ref name="MartinWeil1990726">{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1999/07/26/raul-s-manglapus-former-foreign-secretary-of-philippines-dies-at-80/5f096154-7dec-4197-9ebb-44acd385ded4/ |title=Raul S. Manglapus, Former Foreign Secretary of Philippines, Dies at 80 |last=Weil |first=Martin |date=July 26, 1999 |work=Washington Post |access-date=July 25, 2018 |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> were either not in the Philippines when martial law was declared, while some, such as [[Raul Roco]], were in the country but managed to evade arrest.<ref name="Espiritu1993" /> However, numerous members of the Constitutional Convention's opposition bloc were among those arrested in the early hours of September 22, 1972.<ref name="Kasaysayan9ch10"/>{{rp|page="157"}}<ref name="BicolMail20170727">{{Cite news |url=https://www.bicolmail.net/single-post/2017/07/27/EDITORIAL-The-intrepid-18-two-times-over |title=The intrepid 18, two times over |date=July 27, 2017 |work=Bicol Mail |access-date=July 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722180609/https://www.bicolmail.net/single-post/2017/07/27/EDITORIAL-The-intrepid-18-two-times-over |archive-date=July
* ''[[Napoleon G. Rama|Napoleon Rama]]'', who was also associate editor of the [[Philippines Free Press]]
* ''[[Jose Mari Velez]]'', who was also an [[ABS-CBN]] broadcaster
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[[Category:Presidency of Ferdinand Marcos]]
[[Category:1971 conferences]]
[[Category:1970s political conferences]]
[[Category:Manila during the Marcos dictatorship]]
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