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{{Infobox settlement
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|subdivision_name = [[People's Republic of China|China]]
|subdivision_type1 = Region
|subdivision_name1 = [[Zhuhai]] / [[Macau]] {{clarify|text=(leased lands)|date=October 2021}}
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|timezone = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]] / [[
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|coordinates= {{coord|22|06|N|113|31|E|display=title|region:CN_type:isle_source:GNS-enwiki}}▼
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[[File:Macau-CIA WFB Map.png|thumb|right|250px|Current map of the [[Macau Special Administrative Region]]. To the west are the island of ''[[Hengqin]]'' and the peninsula of ''Wanzai''.]]
'''Wanzai, Small Hengqin'''
Two of them have since been combined via [[land reclamation]] to form the current [[Hengqin]] island.
The water channels between Small Hengqin, Great Hengqin, Taipa, and Coloane used to be known as Shizimen Channel (literally "cross gate") in Chinese, due to the plus sign-shaped arrangement of water channels between the four islands. A number of maritime battle occurred over the area in the past, but the water channel now disappeared due to land reclamation connecting Small Hengqin with Great Hengqin and connecting Taipa with Coloane. However the name "Shizimen" is still retained as a district name on the merged Hengqin island.
▲'''Wanzai''', '''Small Hengqin''' and '''Great Hengqin''' were three [[China|Chinese]] islands located to the west of the [[Macau Peninsula]] and the Macau islands of [[Taipa]] and [[Coloane]]. They were inhabited by very small Chinese population in its early history and have since been combined via [[land reclamation]] to form the current [[Hengqin]] island.
== History ==
In some historical registers,{{Which|date=February 2010}} the Portuguese presence on the
According to historical records, the Portuguese presence on the island of Lapa dates back to 1645, when a [[Mandarin (bureaucrat)|mandarin]] from Canton (Guangzhou) authorised the burial of the Jesuit priest [[João Rodrigues Tçuzu|João Rodrigues]] in recognition of his service. Augustinian and Dominican missionaries also settled on this island, which appears in some ancient maps under the name of Patera Island, whose etymology is "Island of the priests" (D. João was called "Macarira", as seen in the 1912 map above). The exact date of abandonment of these facilities is not clear, but they were mentioned in a letter addressed to the government of Goa, dated 1764.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ljungstedt |first=Anders |url=https://purl.pt/17116 |title=An Historical Sketch of the Portuguese Settlements in China; and of the Roman Catholic Church and Mission in China |date=1836 |publisher=James Munroe & Co. |location=Boston |pages=135–144 |author-link=Anders Ljungstedt |via=Biblioteca Nacional Digital}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Richard |date=2020-11-24 |title=The Legendary Interpreter |url=https://macaomagazine.net/the-legendary-interpreter/ |access-date=2022-04-13 |website=Macao Magazine}}</ref>
▲In some historical registers,{{Which|date=February 2010}} the Portuguese presence on the island dates back to the end of the 17th century when a group of missionaries established themselves on this Chinese island.
During the 19th century, Portuguese missionaries also began to populate and [[
Followed by the Japanese invasion of China in 1938, the Portuguese officially occupied these three islands, with an excuse to better protect Portuguese missionaries residing there. In 1941, the Japanese Army threatened the Portuguese troops to force abandonment of these sparsely populated islands. Consequently, these islands were occupied by [[Japan]]. At the end of World War II, China was able to reoccupy the three islands.
Today, they are an incorporation of the [[Special Economic Zone]] of [[Zhuhai]] in [[Guangdong]]. The islands of Dom João and Montanha are now connected by an embankment that joins the two islands. This island was given the Chinese name, [[Hengqin]]. The [[Lótus Bridge|Lotus Bridge]] makes the connection between Hengqin of Guangdong province and [[Cotai]] of Macau Special Administrative Region. The island of Lapa, established from [[land reclamation]] became a peninsula connected to the "mainland".
There are proposals to develop sparsely populated Hengqin into a tourist area with many hotels and luxury resorts. Hengqin has recently begun to experience major development with new residential areas.
[[Macau]], due to lack of land, expressed their desire to annex the island of Hengqin to the Chinese Central Government, which was subsequently denied by Beijing. However, on September 1, 2005, the Central Government allowed entrepreneurs from Macau and [[Hong Kong]] to be exempt from the payment of some taxes and fees. The CPG also allowed greater flexibility in controlling migration to the island to promote investment.<ref>{{Cite
== Former islands ==
=== Wanzai ===
'''Wanzai''' ({{zh|first=t,j|t=灣仔|s=湾仔|p=Wān Zǎi|j=waan1 zai2}}) was an island in the Xiangzhou District of the city of Zhuhai in Guangdong, China. It is adjacent to the [[Macau Peninsula]] of [[Macau]]. The [[Portugal|Portuguese]] called the island '''Lapa''' .▼
Wanzai area in the east side of Ilha de Lapa was under Portuguese control from 1849 to 1887. It was located across the "Inner
▲'''Wanzai''' ({{zh|first=t|t=灣仔|s=湾仔|p=Wān Zǎi|j=waan1 zai2}}) was an island in the Xiangzhou District of the city of Zhuhai in Guangdong, China. It is adjacent to the [[Macau Peninsula]] of [[Macau]]. The [[Portugal|Portuguese]] called the island '''Lapa''' .
▲Wanzai area in the east side of Ilha de Lapa was under Portuguese control from 1849 to 1887. It was located across the "Inner Harbor" (Qianshan Waterway) from Macau. In a 1700 map, the island has a defensive battery and manufacturing facility.<ref>http://www.history-map.com/picture/002/Macao-1700s-in.htm</ref>
=== Small Hengqin ===
'''Small Hengqin''' ({{zh|first=t,j|t=小橫琴島|s=小横琴岛|p=Xiǎo Héngqín Dǎo|j=siu2 waang4 kam4 dou2|labels=no}}) was a Chinese island adjacent to [[Taipa]] of [[Macau]] that has since and has become the northern part of [[Hengqin]] in [[Zhuhai]], [[Guangdong]]. After land reclamation, only a swampy creek called "Central Creek(中心溝)" separates Small Hengqin from Great Hengqin.
▲'''Small Hengqin''' ({{zh|first=t|t=小橫琴島|s=小横琴岛|p=Xiǎo Héngqín Dǎo|j=siu2 waang4 kam4 dou2|labels=no}}) was a Chinese island adjacent to [[Taipa]] of [[Macau]] that has since and has become the northern part of [[Hengqin]] in [[Zhuhai]], [[Guangdong]]. After land reclamation, only a swampy creek called "Central Creek(中心溝)" separates Small Hengqin from Great Hengqin.
The Portuguese called it '''Dom João''' .
=== Great Hengqin ===
'''Great Hengqin''' ({{zh|first=t,j|t=大橫琴島|s=大横琴岛|p=Dà Héngqín Dǎo|j=daai6 waang4 kam4 dou2|labels=no}}) was a Chinese island adjacent to [[Coloane]] of [[Macau]] that has since has become the southern part of the combined [[Hengqin]] island.▼
▲'''Great Hengqin'''({{zh|first=t|t=大橫琴島|s=大横琴岛|p=Dà Héngqín Dǎo|j=daai6 waang4 kam4 dou2|labels=no}}) was a Chinese island adjacent to [[Coloane]] of [[Macau]] that has since has become the southern part of the combined [[Hengqin]] island.
The Portuguese called it '''Montanha'''.
== See also ==
* [[Macau]]
* [[History of Macau]]
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== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Macau Freguesias}}
{{Zhuhai Topics}}
{{China–Macau border crossings}}
▲{{coord|22|06|N|113|31|E|display=title|region:CN_type:isle_source:GNS-enwiki}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lapa, Dom Joao E Montanha}}
[[Category:Former Portuguese colonies]]
[[Category:History of Macau]]
[[Category:Islands of the South China Sea]]
[[Category:Islands of Zhuhai]]
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