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{{Short description|Election of President of Republic of China}}
The '''election of the president and vice president of Taiwan''' ({{zh|t=中華民國總統、副總統選舉}}) is a [[universal suffrage|universal]] [[direct election]] through [[secret vote]] by the citizens of [[Taiwan]] (ROC) in the [[Free area of the Republic of China|TaiwanFree Area]]. ROC presidents are elected by [[Plurality voting|relative majority (plurality)]], meaning the candidate with the most votes wins without a runoff requirement.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-01-07 |title=Factbox: How does a Taiwan election work? |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-taiwan-election-factbox-idUSKBN1Z62L7 |access-date=2022-05-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 18, 2023|author=Bush, Richard C.|title=Explaining Taiwan’sTaiwan's 2024 presidential election|language=en|work=The Brookings Institution|url= https://www.brookings.edu/articles/explaining-taiwans-2024-presidential-election|access-date=2024-01-13}}</ref> The most recent election took place on January 13, 2024.
 
* The ''Presidential and Vice Presidential Election and Recall Act''<ref name="law">{{cite web |title = Presidential and Vice Presidential Election and Recall Act |url = http://law.moj.gov.tw/Eng/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=D0020053}}</ref> states that a candidate for president or vice president must be a [[Taiwanese nationality law|citizen of the Republic of China]], at least 40 years old, and a [[Household registration in Taiwan|resident]] of [[Taiwan Area|Taiwan]] for a period of no less than 15 years with a physical presence of no less than 6 consecutive months.
* The following persons shall not be registered as candidates for the president:
** [[Military personnel]]
** Election officials
** People who hold foreign nationality or who hold residency of the [[People's Republic of [[China]]
** People who have restored their nationality or acquired their nationality by naturalization
*The president and vice president are nominated on a joint ticket. [[List of political parties in the Republic of China|Political parties]] which have gained at least 5% of the votes in the last presidential or [[Legislative elections in Taiwan|legislative election]] may nominate a set of candidates directly. For example, during the [[2012 Taiwanese presidential election|2012]] elections, only the [[Kuomintang]] and [[Democratic Progressive Party]] were qualified to nominate candidates through this rule. Alternatively, candidates may be nominated by a petition signed by eligible voters numbering no less than 1.5% of the electors in the last legislative election. (This equals 252,848 signatures for the 2012 election.)<ref name=law/>
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{{main|List of presidents of the Republic of China|List of unsuccessful candidates for President of the Republic of China}}
 
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
!Order!!Year!!Party!!Presidential<br>candidate!!Vice presidential<br>candidate!!Popular vote!!%
!President!!Election year!!Winner!!Other candidates
|-
|rowspan=4|9||rowspan=4|[[1996 Taiwanese presidential election|1996]]
|'''[[Kuomintang]]'''||'''[[Lee Teng-hui]]''' (||'''[[KuomintangLien Chan]]) – 54.00%'''
|align=right|5,813,699||align=right|54.00%
|[[Peng Ming-min]] ([[Democratic Progressive Party|Democratic Progressive]]) – 21.13%<br />[[Lin Yang-kang]] (Independent) – 14.90%<br />[[Chen Li-an]] (Independent) – 9.98%
|-
|[[Democratic Progressive Party|Democratic Progressive]]||[[Peng Ming-min]]||[[Frank Hsieh]]
|10||[[2000 Taiwanese presidential election|2000]]
|align=right|2,274,586||align=right|21.13%
|'''[[Chen Shui-bian]]''' ([[Democratic Progressive Party|Democratic Progressive]]) – 39.30%
|[[James Soong]] (Independent) – 36.84%<br />[[Lien Chan]] ([[Kuomintang]]) – 23.10%
|-
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]||[[Lin Yang-kang]]||[[Hau Pei-tsun]]
|11||[[2004 Taiwanese presidential election|2004]]
|align=right|1,603,790||align=right|14.90%
|'''[[Chen Shui-bian]]''' ([[Democratic Progressive Party|Democratic Progressive]]) – 50.11%
|[[Lien Chan]] ([[Kuomintang]]) – 49.89%
|-
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]||[[Chen Li-an]]||[[Wang Ching-feng]]
|12||[[2008 Taiwanese presidential election|2008]]
|align=right|1,074,044||align=right|9.98%
|'''[[Ma Ying-jeou]]''' ([[Kuomintang]]) – 58.45%
|[[Frank Hsieh]] ([[Democratic Progressive Party|Democratic Progressive]]) – 41.55%
|-
|13rowspan=5|10||rowspan=5|[[20122000 Taiwanese presidential election|20122000]]
|'''[[Democratic Progressive Party|Democratic Progressive]]'''||'''[[Chen Shui-bian]]'''||'''[[Annette Lu]]'''
|'''[[Ma Ying-jeou]]''' ([[Kuomintang]]) – 51.60%
|align=right|4,977,697||align=right|39.30%
|[[Tsai Ing-wen]] ([[Democratic Progressive Party|Democratic Progressive]]) – 45.63%<br />[[James Soong]] ([[People First Party (Taiwan)|People First]]) – 2.77%
|-
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]||[[James Soong]]||[[Chang Chau-hsiung]]
|14||[[2016 Taiwanese presidential election|2016]]
|align=right|4,664,972||align=right|36.84%
|'''[[Tsai Ing-wen]]''' ([[Democratic Progressive Party|Democratic Progressive]]) – 56.12%
|[[Eric Chu]] ([[Kuomintang]]) – 31.04%<br />[[James Soong]] ([[People First Party (Taiwan)|People First]]) – 12.84%
|-
|[[Kuomintang]]||[[Lien Chan]]||[[Vincent Siew]]
|15||[[2020 Taiwanese presidential election|2020]]
|align=right|2,925,513||align=right|23.10%
|'''[[Tsai Ing-wen]]''' ([[Democratic Progressive Party|Democratic Progressive]]) – 57.13%
|[[Han Kuo-yu]] ([[Kuomintang]]) – 38.61%<br />[[James Soong]] ([[People First Party (Taiwan)|People First]]) – 4.26%
|-
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]||[[Hsu Hsin-liang]]||[[Josephine Chu]]
|16||[[2024 Taiwanese presidential election|2024]]
|align=right|79,429||align=right|0.63%
|'''[[Lai Ching-te]]''' ([[Democratic Progressive Party|Democratic Progressive]]) – 40%
|-
|[[Hou Yu-ih]] ([[Kuomintang]]) – 33%<br />[[Ko Wen-je]] ([[Taiwan People's Party]]) – 26%
|[[New Party (Taiwan)|New]]||[[Li Ao]]||[[Elmer Fung]]
|align=right|16,782||align=right|0.13%
|-
|rowspan=2|11||rowspan=2|[[2004 Taiwanese presidential election|2004]]
|'''[[Democratic Progressive Party|Democratic Progressive]]'''||'''[[Chen Shui-bian]]'''||'''[[Annette Lu]]'''
|align=right|6,471,970||align=right|50.11%
|-
|[[Kuomintang]]||[[Lien Chan]]||[[James Soong]]
|align=right|6,442,452||align=right|49.89%
|-
|rowspan=2|12||rowspan=2|[[2008 Taiwanese presidential election|2008]]
|'''[[Kuomintang]]'''||'''[[Ma Ying-jeou]]'''||'''[[Vincent Siew]]'''
|align=right|7,659,014||align=right|58.45%
|-
|[[Democratic Progressive Party|Democratic Progressive]]||[[Frank Hsieh]]||[[Su Tseng-chang]]
|align=right|5,444,949||align=right|41.55%
|-
|rowspan=3|13||rowspan=3|[[2012 Taiwanese presidential election|2012]]
|'''[[Kuomintang]]'''||'''[[Ma Ying-jeou]]'''||'''[[Wu Den-yih]]'''
|align=right|6,891,139||align=right|51.60%
|-
|[[Democratic Progressive Party|Democratic Progressive]]||[[Tsai Ing-wen]]||[[Su Jia-chyuan]]
|align=right|6,093,578||align=right|45.63%
|-
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]||[[James Soong]]||[[Lin Ruey-shiung]]
|align=right|369,588||align=right|2.77%
|-
|rowspan=3|14||rowspan=3|[[2016 Taiwanese presidential election|2016]]
|'''[[Democratic Progressive Party|Democratic Progressive]]'''||'''[[Tsai Ing-wen]]'''||'''[[Chen Chien-jen]]'''
|align=right|6,894,744||align=right|56.12%
|-
|[[Kuomintang]]||[[Eric Chu]]||[[Wang Ju-hsuan]]
|align=right|3,813,365||align=right|31.04%
|-
|[[People First Party (Taiwan)|People First]]||[[James Soong]]||[[Hsu Hsin-ying]]
|align=right|1,576,861||align=right|12.84%
|-
|rowspan=3|15||rowspan=3|[[2020 Taiwanese presidential election|2020]]
|'''[[Democratic Progressive Party|Democratic Progressive]]'''||'''[[Tsai Ing-wen]]'''||'''[[Lai Ching-te]]'''
|align=right|8,170,231||align=right|57.13%
|-
|[[Kuomintang]]||[[Han Kuo-yu]]||[[Chang San-cheng]]
|align=right|5,522,119||align=right|38.61%
|-
|[[People First Party (Taiwan)|People First]]||[[James Soong]]||[[Sandra Yu]]
|align=right|608,590||align=right|4.26%
|-
|rowspan=3|16||rowspan=3|[[2024 Taiwanese presidential election|2024]]
|'''[[Democratic Progressive Party|Democratic Progressive]]'''||'''[[Lai Ching-te]]'''||'''[[Hsiao Bi-khim]]'''
|align=right|5,586,019||align=right|40.05%
|-
|[[Kuomintang]]||[[Hou Yu-ih]]||[[Jaw Shaw-kong]]
|align=right|4,671,021||align=right|33.49%
|-
|[[Taiwan People's Party|Taiwan People's]]||[[Ko Wen-je]]||[[Cynthia Wu]]
|align=right|3,690,466||align=right|26.46%
|}
{|width=650px
{|
|[[File:ROCalign=center|<gallery presidentialmode="slideshow" electoral maps.svg|350px|thumb|caption="'''Electoral maps of Taiwanese direct presidential elections.]]'''">
File:2024ROCPresident.svg|2024 Election
|[[File:2020ROCPresident.svg|200px|thumb|Election results of the [[2020 Taiwanese presidential election]].]]
File:2020ROCPresident.svg|2020 Election
|[[File:Taiwan presidential election results, 1996-2024.png|250px|thumb|Votes received by political parties in the direct presidential elections.<br />
File:2016ROCPresident.svg|2016 Election
{{Legend|#009a00|[[Democratic Progressive Party|DPP]] candidates}}
File:2012ROCPresident.svg|2012 Election
File:2008ROCPresident.svg|2008 Election
File:2004ROCPresident.svg|2004 Election
File:2000ROCPresident.svg|2000 Election
File:1996ROCPresident.svg|1996 Election
</gallery>
|-
|align=center|[[File:Taiwan presidential election results, 1996-2024.png|600px|thumb|Votes received by political parties in the direct presidential elections.<br />
{{Legend|#009a00|[[Democratic Progressive Party]] candidates}}
{{Legend|#000095|[[Kuomintang]] candidates}}
{{Legend|#ff6600|[[People First Party (Taiwan)|PFPPeople First Party]] candidates or [[James Soong]]}}
{{Legend|#3BCDCD|[[Taiwan People's Party|TPP]] candidates}}
{{Legend|#b3b3b3|Others}}
]]
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