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Adding short description: "System of transport in Ghana" (Shortdesc helper) |
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[[File:Transporte público de Ghana – Public Transport in Ghana (collage).JPG|thumb|300px|A collage of the Transport in Ghana and [[public transport]] systems in Ghana: [[Airbus A320]] of a Ghana [[Regional airline|Regional Airline]] in Ghana, [[Taxicab]] system in Ghana,{{clear}} [[Bus rapid transit|Bus Rapid Transit]] of [[Metro mass Transit L.T.D]] in Ghana, [[Railway Station]] and [[Kumasi]] [[Railway Station]] in Ghana, and [[Ferryboat]] transportation in Ghana.]]
'''Transport in Ghana''' is accomplished by road, rail, air and water. [[Ghana]]'s transportation and communications networks are centered in the southern regions, especially the areas in which gold, cocoa, and timber are produced. The northern and central areas are connected through a major road system.<ref name="transport">Clark, Nancy L. "Transportation and Telecommunications". ''[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/ghtoc.html A Country Study: Ghana]'' (La Verle Berry, editor). [[Library of Congress]] [[Federal Research Division]] (November 1994). ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the [[public domain]]. [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/about.html]''</ref>
Increased transport investment helped to increase the number of new vehicle registrations and transportation alternatives include rail, road, ferry, marine and air.<ref name=transport/>
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===Rail transport===
[[File:GhanaRailwayMap1.jpg|thumb|350px|A railway map of Ghana showing dates of construction.]]
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[[Image:Nice bridge, close to Akosombo Dam.jpg|thumb|The [[Adome Bridge]] crosses the [[Volta River]].]]
Road transport is by far the dominant carrier of freight and passengers in Ghana's land transport system. It carries over 95% of all passenger and freight traffic and reaches most communities, and is classified under three categories of trunk roads, urban roads, and feeder roads.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mrt.gov.gh/pages.asp?page_Id=1&expandable=0 |title=
Trunk roads in Ghana are classified as National roads, Regional roads, and Inter-regional roads, all of which form the [[Ghana road network]]. National roads, designated with the letter '''N''', link all the major population centers in Ghana. Regional roads, designated with the letter '''R''', are a mix of primary and secondary routes, which serve as feeder roads to National roads; while Inter-Regional roads, designated with the prefix '''IR''', connect major settlements across regional borders.
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===International highways===
The [[Trans–West African Coastal Highway]], part of the [[Trans-African Highway network]] crosses Ghana along the '''N1''', connecting it to [[Abidjan]], ([[Ivory Coast]]), [[Lomé]], ([[Togo]]) and to [[Benin]] and [[Nigeria]]. Eventually the highway will connect to another seven [[Economic Community of West African States]] (ECOWAS) nations to the west. The '''N2''', which connects [[Tema]] in the Greater Accra Region to Kulungugu in the Upper East Region; the '''N10''', which connects [[Yamoransa]] in the Central Region to Paga in the Upper East Region; and the '''N12''', which connects [[Elubo]] in the Western Region to [[Hamile]] in the Upper West Region;<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.highways.gov.gh/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17&Itemid=40 |title=
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There are six ships (with a volume of {{GT|1,000|disp=long}} or over) totaling {{GT|13,484}}/{{DWT|18,583|metric|disp=long}}. This includes two [[oil tanker|petroleum tanker]]s and four refrigerated cargo vessels (1999 estimates).
[[File:Volta River with Adomi Bridge.JPG|thumb|right|
Ghana's [[Volta River]], [[Ankobra River]], and [[Tano River]] provide 168 km of perennial navigation for [[Ship naming and launching|launches]] and [[Lighter (barge)|lighters]], and Volta Lake provides 1,125 kilometres of [[Canal|arterial and feeder waterway]].<ref name="Transport in Ghana">{{cite web |website=commonwealthofnations.org |url = http://www.commonwealthofnations.org/sectors-ghana/travel/transport/ |title=Transport in Ghana |access-date = 5 June 2013}}</ref> There are two main seaports in Ghana which are located in the southern coastal cities of Sekondi-Takoradi and Tema (Takoradi Harbour and Tema Harbour).<ref name="Commerce Ghana Adequate Transportation"/> The strategic [[Location (geography)|geographical location]] of Ghana to the Volta Lake and the many [[List of rivers of Ghana|rivers of Ghana]] that provide [[Inland port|inland transport]] make Ghana a very transited [[sovereign state]] for [[Cargo ship|freighters]].<ref name="The ideal gateway">{{cite web |work= commonwealthgovernance.org |publisher=Government of Ghana |url = http://www.commonwealthgovernance.org/partners/ghana-ports-and-harbours-authority/|title= Ghana Ports and Harbours Authority - Port of Tema: The preferred port • Port of Takoradi: The ideal gateway|access-date = 5 June 2013}}</ref>
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[[File:Kotoka International Airport – Kumasi Airport – Sekondi-Takoradi Airport.jpg|thumb|right|[[Kotoka International Airport]] in [[Accra]], [[Kumasi Airport|Kumasi International Airport]] in [[Kumasi]], and [[Takoradi Airport|Sekondi-Takoradi Airport]] in [[Sekondi-Takoradi]].]]
On July 4, 1958, the Ghanaian government established [[Ghana Airways]] connecting Ghana with other countries. By the mid-1990s, Ghana Airways operated international scheduled passenger and cargo service to numerous European, Middle Eastern, and African destinations, including London, Düsseldorf, Rome, Abidjan, Dakar, Lagos, Lomé, and Johannesburg. As a result of persistent management and financial problems, Ghana Airways ceased all operations and entered into liquidation in 2004.<ref name="aviation">Clark, Nancy L. "Civil Aviation". ''[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/ghtoc.html A Country Study: Ghana]'' (La Verle Berry, editor). [[Library of Congress]] [[Federal Research Division]] (November 1994). ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the [[public domain]].[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/about.html]''</ref>
Ghana has twelve airports, six with hard surfaced runways. The most important are [[Kotoka International Airport]] at Accra and airports at Sekondi-Takoradi, Kumasi, and Tamale that serve domestic air traffic. In 1990, the government spent US$12 million to improve Accra's facilities. Workmen resurfaced the runway, upgraded the lighting system and built a new freight terminal. Construction crews also extended and upgraded the terminal building at Kumasi. In early 1991, the government announced further plans to improve Accra's international airport. The main runway was upgraded, improvements were made in freight landing and infrastructure, and the terminal building and the airport's navigational aids were upgraded.<ref name=aviation/>
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