Content deleted Content added
mNo edit summary |
|||
| (43 intermediate revisions by 18 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = XIX (2nd Royal Saxon) Army Corps<br>''XIX. (II. Königlich Sächsisches) Armee-Korps''
| image=Stab eines Generalkommandos.svg
| caption=Flag of the Staff of a Generalkommando (1871–1918)
| start_date = {{Start date|1899|04|01|df=y}}
| end_date = {{End date|1919}}
| country={{flag|Kingdom of Saxony|1914|23px}} / {{flag|German Empire|1914|23px}}
| branch =
| type = [[Corps]]
| role =
| size = Approximately 44,000 (on mobilisation in 1914)
| command_structure =
| garrison=[[Leipzig]]/Thomasring 2
| garrison_label=
<!-- Culture and history -->
| nickname =
| patron = [[List of rulers of Saxony|King of Saxony]]
| motto =
| colors = Red
| colors_label = Shoulder strap piping
| march =
| mascot =
| battles = [[World War I]]
:[[Battle of the Frontiers]]
| anniversaries =
| decorations =
| battle_honours =
<!-- Commanders -->
| current_commander=
| current_commander_label=
| ceremonial_chief=
| ceremonial_chief_label=
| colonel_of_the_regiment=
| colonel_of_the_regiment_label=
| notable_commanders =
| identification_symbol=XIX AK
| identification_symbol_label=Abbreviation
| identification_symbol_2=
| identification_symbol_2_label=
}}
The '''XIX (2nd Royal Saxon) Army Corps / XIX AK''' ({{lang-de|'''XIX. (II. Königlich Sächsisches) Armee-Korps'''}}) was a [[Kingdom of Saxony|Saxon]] [[corps]] level command of the [[German Empire|German]] [[German Army (German Empire)|Army]], before and during [[World War I]].
As the German Army expanded in the latter part of the 19th century and early part of the 20th century, the XIX Army Corps was set up on 1 April 1899 in [[Leipzig]] as the ''Generalkommando'' ([[headquarters]]) for the western part of the [[Kingdom of Saxony]] (districts of Leipzig, [[Chemnitz]] and [[Zwickau]]).<ref>[http://www.verwaltungsgeschichte.de/militaer.html German Administrative History] Accessed: 10 May 2012</ref> It took over command of [[24th Division (German Empire)|24th (2nd Royal Saxon) Division]] from [[XII (1st Royal Saxon) Corps]] and the newly formed [[40th Division (German Empire)|40th (4th Royal Saxon) Division]].
It was assigned to the [[German Army (German Empire)#Army inspectorate|II Army Inspectorate]]<ref>{{harvnb|Cron|2002|p=395}}</ref> which formed the predominantly Saxon [[3rd Army (German Empire)|3rd Army]] at the start of the [[First World War]]. It was still in existence at the end of the war<ref>{{harvnb|Cron|2002|pp=88–89}}</ref> in the [[19th Army (German Empire)|19th Army]], ''[[Heeresgruppe Herzog Albrecht von Württemberg]]'' on the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]].<ref>{{harvnb|Ellis|Cox|1993|pp=186–187}}</ref>
== Peacetime organisation ==
The 25 peacetime [[Corps]] of the German Army (Guards, I - XXI, I - III Bavarian) had a reasonably standardised organisation. Each consisted of two [[Division (military)|divisions]] with usually two infantry brigades, one field artillery brigade and a cavalry brigade each.<ref>{{harvnb|Haythornthwaite|1996|pp=193–194}}</ref> Each brigade normally consisted of two regiments of the appropriate type, so each Corps normally commanded 8 infantry, 4 field artillery and 4 cavalry regiments. There were exceptions to this rule:
:[[V Corps (German Empire)|V]], [[VI Corps (German Empire)|VI]], [[VII Corps (German Empire)|VII]], [[IX Corps (German Empire)|IX]] and [[XIV Corps (German Empire)|XIV Corps]] each had a 5th infantry brigade (so 10 infantry regiments)
:[[II Corps (German Empire)|II]], [[XIII (Royal Württemberg) Corps|XIII]], [[XVIII Corps (German Empire)|XVIII]] and [[XXI Corps (German Empire)|XXI Corps]] had a 9th infantry regiment
:[[I Corps (German Empire)|I]], [[VI Corps (German Empire)|VI]] and [[XVI Corps (German Empire)|XVI Corps]] had a 3rd cavalry brigade (so 6 cavalry regiments)
:the [[Guards Corps (German Empire)|Guards Corps]] had 11 infantry regiments (in 5 brigades) and 8 cavalry regiments (in 4 brigades).<ref>They formed the [[Guards Cavalry Division (German Empire)|Guards Cavalry Division]], the only peacetime cavalry division in the German Army.</ref>
Each Corps also directly controlled a number of other units. This could include one or more
:Foot Artillery Regiment
:[[Jäger (military)|Jäger]] Battalion
:[[Pioneer (military)|Pioneer]] Battalion
:[[Train (military)|Train]] Battalion
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|+Peacetime organization of the Corps<ref>{{harvnb|War Office|1918|p=258}}</ref>
! Corps
! Division
! Brigade
! Units
! Garrison
|-
| ROWSPAN=20 | '''XIX (2nd Royal Saxon) Corps'''
| ROWSPAN=8 | [[24th Division (German Empire)|24th (2nd Royal Saxon) Division]]
| ROWSPAN=2 | 47th (3rd Royal Saxon) Infantry Brigade
| [[139th (11th Royal Saxon) Infantry]]||[[Döbeln]]
|-
| [[179th (14th Royal Saxon) Infantry]]||[[Wurzen]], [[Leisnig]]
|-
| ROWSPAN=2 | 48th (4th Royal Saxon) Infantry Brigade
| [[106th (7th Royal Saxon) Infantry "King George"]]||[[Leipzig]]
|-
| [[107th (8th Royal Saxon) Infantry "Prince John George"]]||[[Leipzig]]
|-
| ROWSPAN=2 | 24th (2nd Royal Saxon) Field Artillery Brigade
| [[77th (7th Royal Saxon) Field Artillery]]||[[Leipzig]]
|-
| [[78th (8th Royal Saxon) Field Artillery]]||[[Wurzen]]
|-
| ROWSPAN=2 | 24th (2nd Royal Saxon) Cavalry Brigade
| [[19th (2nd Royal Saxon) Hussars "Queen Carola"]]||[[Grimma]]
|-
| [[18th (2nd Royal Saxon) Uhlans]]||[[Leipzig]]
|-
| ROWSPAN=8 | [[40th Division (German Empire)|40th (4th Royal Saxon) Division]]
| ROWSPAN=2 | 88th (7th Royal Saxon) Infantry Brigade
| [[104th (5th Royal Saxon) Infantry "Crown Prince"]]||[[Chemnitz]]
|-
| [[181st (15th Royal Saxon) Infantry]]||[[Chemnitz]], III Bn [[Glauchau]]
|-
| ROWSPAN=2 | 89th (8th Royal Saxon) Infantry Brigade
| [[133rd (9th Royal Saxon) Infantry]]||[[Zwickau]]
|-
| [[134th (10th Royal Saxon) Infantry]]||[[Plauen]]
|-
| ROWSPAN=2 | 40th (4th Royal Saxon) Field Artillery Brigade
| [[32nd (3rd Royal Saxon) Field Artillery]]||[[Riesa]]
|-
| [[68th (6th Royal Saxon) Field Artillery]]||[[Riesa]]
|-
| ROWSPAN=2 | 40th (4th Royal Saxon) Cavalry Brigade
| [[Carabiniers (2nd Royal Saxon Heavy Cavalry)]]||[[Borna, Germany|Borna]]
|-
| [[21st (3rd Royal Saxon) Uhlans]]||[[Chemnitz]]
|-
| ROWSPAN=3 | Corps Troops
| ROWSPAN=3 |
| 8th (Royal Saxon) Machine Gun ''[[Abteilung]]''||[[Leipzig]]
|-
| 22nd (2nd Royal Saxon) Pioneer Battalion||[[Riesa]]
|-
| 19th (2nd Royal Saxon) Train Battalion||[[Leipzig]]
|-
| Chemnitz Defence Command<br>(''Landwehr-Inspektion'')||||||[[Chemnitz]]
|}
== World War I ==
=== Organisation on mobilisation ===
On mobilization on 2 August 1914 the Corps was restructured. 40th Cavalry Brigade was withdrawn to form part of the [[8th Cavalry Division (German Empire)|8th Cavalry Division]]<ref>{{harvnb|Cron|2002|p=300}}</ref> and the 24th Cavalry Brigade was broken up and its regiments assigned to the divisions as reconnaissance units. Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from the Corps headquarters. In summary, XIX Corps mobilised with 25 infantry battalions, 9 machine gun companies (54 machine guns), 8 cavalry squadrons, 24 field artillery batteries (144 guns), 4 heavy artillery batteries (16 guns), 3 pioneer companies and an aviation detachment.
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center; width:100%;"
|+Initial wartime organization of the Corps<ref>{{harvnb|Cron|2002|pp=310}}</ref>
! Corps
! Division
! Brigade
! Units
|-
| ROWSPAN=29 | '''XIX (2nd Royal Saxon) Corps'''
| ROWSPAN=12 | [[24th Division (German Empire)|24th (2nd Royal Saxon) Division]]
| ROWSPAN=3 | 47th Infantry Brigade
| 139th Infantry Regiment
|-
| 179th Infantry Regiment
|-
| 13th Jäger Battalion<ref>With a machine gun company.</ref>
|-
| ROWSPAN=2 | 48th Infantry Brigade
| 106th Infantry Regiment
|-
| 107th Infantry Regiment
|-
| ROWSPAN=2 | 24th Field Artillery Brigade
| 77th Field Artillery Regiment
|-
| 78th Field Artillery Regiment
|-
| ROWSPAN=5 |
| 18th Uhlan Regiment
|-
| 1st Company, 22nd Pioneer Battalion
|-
| 24th Divisional Pontoon Train
|-
| 1st Medical Company
|-
| 3rd Medical Company
|-
| ROWSPAN=11 | [[40th Division (German Empire)|40th (4th Royal Saxon) Division]]
| ROWSPAN=2 | 88th Infantry Brigade
| 104th Infantry Regiment
|-
| 181st Infantry Regiment
|-
| ROWSPAN=2 | 89th Infantry Brigade
| 133rd Infantry Regiment
|-
| 134th Infantry Regiment
|-
| ROWSPAN=2 | 40th Field Artillery Brigade
| 32nd Field Artillery Regiment
|-
| 68th Field Artillery Regiment
|-
| ROWSPAN=5 |
| 19th Hussar Regiment
|-
| 2nd Company, 22nd Pioneer Battalion
|-
| 3rd Company, 22nd Pioneer Battalion
|-
| 40th Divisional Pontoon Train
|-
| 2nd Medical Company
|-
| ROWSPAN=6 | Corps Troops
| ROWSPAN=6 |
| II Battalion, 19th Foot Artillery Regiment<ref>4 heavy artillery batteries (16 heavy field howitzers)</ref>
|-
| 24th Aviation Detachment
|-
| 19th Corps Pontoon Train
|-
| 19th Telephone Detachment
|-
| 22nd Pioneer Searchlight Section
|-
| Munition Trains and Columns corresponding to [[II Corps (German Empire)#MCT|II Corps]]
|}
=== Combat chronicle ===
On mobilisation, XIX Corps was assigned to the predominantly Saxon [[3rd Army (German Empire)|3rd Army]] forming part of the right wing of the forces for the [[Schlieffen Plan]] offensive in August 1914 on the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]]. It spent the entire war on the Western Front. It was still in existence at the end of the war<ref>{{harvnb|Cron|2002|pp=88–89}}</ref> in the [[19th Army (German Empire)|19th Army]], ''[[Heeresgruppe Herzog Albrecht von Württemberg]]''.<ref>{{harvnb|Ellis|Cox|1993|pp=186–187}}</ref>
== Commanders ==
The XIX Corps had the following commanders during its existence:<ref>[http://www.verwaltungsgeschichte.de/militaer.html German Administrative History] Accessed: 10 May 2012</ref><ref>[http://www.deutsche-kriegsgeschichte.de/akrkgk.html German War History] Accessed: 10 May 2012</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Dates !! Rank !! Name
|-
|25 March 1899 to 21 April 1904 || [[General of the Infantry (Germany)|General der Infanterie]] || [[Heinrich Leo von Treitschke]]
|-
|22 April 1904 to 26 November 1907 || [[General of the Infantry (Germany)|General der Infanterie]] || [[Alexander Graf Vitzthum von Eckstädt]]
|-
|27 November 1907 to 27 November 1913 || [[General of the Artillery (Germany)|General der Artillerie]] || [[Hans von Kirchbach]]
|-
|30 November 1913 to 20 July 1917 || [[General of the Cavalry (Germany)|General der Kavallerie]] || [[Maximilian von Laffert]]
|-
|8 August 1917 to 8 August 1918 || [[General of the Infantry (Germany)|General der Infanterie]] || [[Adolph von Carlowitz]]
|-
|9 August 1918 to end of the war || [[Generalleutnant]] || [[Karl Lucius]]
|}
== See also ==
{{portal|Germany}}
*[[German Army order of battle (1914)#Third Army|German Army order of battle (1914)]]
*[[German Army order of battle, Western Front (1918)]]
*[[List of Imperial German infantry regiments]]
*[[List of Imperial German artillery regiments]]
*[[List of Imperial German cavalry regiments]]
*[[Royal Saxon Army]]
== Notes ==
{{reflist}}
== References ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180348/http://www.1914-18.info/erster-weltkrieg.php?u=567 XIX. Armeekorps (Chronik 1914/1918)]
* Claus von Bredow, bearb., ''Historische Rang- und Stammliste des deutschen Heeres'' (1905)
* Günter Wegner, ''Stellenbesetzung der deutschen Heere 1815-1939.'' (Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück, 1993), Bd. 1
== Further reading ==
* {{cite book
| last = Cron | first = Hermann
| year = 2002
| title = Imperial German Army 1914-18: Organisation, Structure, Orders-of-Battle [first published: 1937]
| publisher = Helion & Co
| isbn = 1-874622-70-1
}}
* {{cite book
| last1 = Ellis | first1 = John
| last2 = Cox | first2 = Michael
| year = 1993
| title = The World War I Databook
| publisher = Aurum Press Ltd
| isbn = 1-85410-766-6
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Haythornthwaite | first = Philip J.
| year = 1996
| title = The World War One Source Book
| publisher = Arms and Armour
| isbn = 1-85409-351-7
}}
* {{cite book
| year = 1920
| title = Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914-1918), compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces, at General Headquarters, Chaumont, France 1919
| publisher = The London Stamp Exchange Ltd (1989)
| isbn = 0-948130-87-3
| ref = {{harvid|AEF GHQ|1920}}
}}
* {{cite book
| year = 1918
| title = The German Forces in the Field; 7th Revision, 11th November 1918; Compiled by the General Staff, War Office
| publisher = Imperial War Museum, London and The Battery Press, Inc (1995)
| isbn = 1-870423-95-X <!--and 0-89839-217-9-->
| ref = {{harvid|War Office|1918}}
}}
{{German Empire Armies|19th=y}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:19th (2nd Royal Saxon) Corps}}
[[Category:Corps of Germany in World War I]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1899]]
[[Category:
| |||