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{{Short description|American historian, activist, and scholar (1946–2007)}}
'''Allan Bérubé''' (pronounced BEH-ruh-bay;<ref name=nytobit/> December 3, 1946 – December 11, 2007) was a gay American [[historian]], [[activism|activist]], [[independent scholar]], self-described "community-based" researcher and college drop-out, and award-winning [[author]], best known for his research and writing about [[homosexual]] members of the [[Military of the United States|American Armed Forces]] during [[World War II]].<ref>{{cite news |date=December 17, 2007 |newspaper = Los Angeles Times | via = Boston Globe |url= http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/obituaries/articles/2007/12/17/allan_berube_gay_historian_chronicled_roles_in_wwii/ |title=Allan Bérubé; gay historian chronicled roles in WWII |access-date=October 23, 2022 | first=Elaine | last=Woo}}</ref> He also wrote essays about the intersection of class and race in gay culture, and about growing up in a poor, working-class family, his French-Canadian roots, and about his experience of anti-[[AIDS]] activism.
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==Biography==
Allan Ronald Bérubé was born in [[Springfield, Massachusetts]], on December 3,
He was an English literature major at the [[University of Chicago]] from 1964 to 1968, but did not earn a degree
He moved to San Francisco in 1974<ref name=weeks>{{cite journal | last=Weeks | first = Jeffrey | title =Allan Bérubé (1946-2007) | journal =History Workshop Journal | issue =69 | date =2010 | volume = 69 | pages= 294–96 | doi = 10.1093/hwj/dbq012 | jstor= 40646116 }}</ref> and continued to support himself with odd jobs, working for a time as a ticket-taker at the [[Castro Theatre]].<ref name=highleyman/> By 1979 he had launched what become his lifelong lecture and slideshow tour, presenting his latest research to audiences of lesbians and gay men, beginning with "Lesbian Masquerade" about women who dressed as men.<ref name=weeks/><ref>{{cite book | chapter = Lesbian Masquerade | title = My Desire for History: Essays in Gay, Labor, and Community History| first = Allan | last = Bérubé | editor-first1= John | editor-last1= D'Emilio | editor-first2 = Estelle B. | editor-last2= Freedman | date =2011 | pages= 41–53| publisher = University of North Carolina Press }}</ref> When closing the city's bathhouses became a political controversy early in the AIDS epidemic, he published "a still-definitive essay on the history and social function of gay baths".<ref name=highleyman>{{cite news | last= Highleyman | first =Liz | url = https://www.ebar.com/news///238599 | access-date = October 25, 2022 | title = Historian Allan Berube dies | newspaper = Bay Area Reporter | date= December 20, 2007 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220417213846/https://www.ebar.com/news///238599 | archive-date = April 17, 2022 }}</ref>
He was a co-founder of the San Francisco Lesbian and Gay History Project in 1978 and of the [[GLBT Historical Society]] there in 1985.<ref name=hoffman/><ref name=koskovich>{{cite journal | last= Koskovich | first = Gerard | title =Displaying the Queer Past: Purposes, Publics, and Possibilities at the GLBT History Museum | journal = QED: A Journal in GLBTQ Worldmaking | volume = 1 | issue = 2 | date = 2014 | pages= 61–78, esp. 63, 73 | doi = 10.14321/qed.1.2.0061 | s2cid = 162280312 }}</ref>
He worked as a consultant on the documentary film ''[[The Times of Harvey Milk]]''.
He served from 1983 to 1986 as a member of the Lesbian and Gay Advisory Committee (now the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Intersex Advisory Committee) of San Francisco.{{efn|Members are appointed by the chair of the [[San Francisco Human Rights Commission]].}}
In the late 1980s, Bérubé belonged to the Forget-Me-Nots, an affinity group that performed [[civil disobedience]] at the [[United States Supreme Court]] during the 1987 [[Second National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights]].<ref>{{
In 1990, he published ''Coming Out Under Fire: The History of Gay Men and Women in World War II'', which examined the stories of [[gay]] men and women in the U.S. military between 1941 and 1945. The book used interviews with gay veterans, government documents, and other sources to discuss the social and political issues that faced over 9,000 servicemen and women during World War II. The work had its origins in a chance discovery. In the 1970s, a friend of one of Bérubé’s neighbors discovered a batch of letters that a dozen gay military personnel had exchanged during World War II after meeting at a military base in Missouri. Bérubé turned them into the basis of years of research and a prize-winning book,<ref name=nytobit/> after presenting his work in progress "Marching to a Different Drummer" at more than a hundred venues.<ref name=weeks/> ''Coming Out Under Fire'' won the [[Lambda Literary Award]] for outstanding Gay Men's Nonfiction book of 1990<ref name=lambda>{{cite web|url=http://www.lambdaliterary.org/awards/previous_winners/paw_1988_1991.html |title=Lambda Literary Foundation, Award recipients 1988-1991 |publisher= |date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070111073036/http://www.lambdaliterary.org/awards/previous_winners/paw_1988_1991.html|archive-date=January 11, 2007 }}</ref> Professional historians praised its research and the quality of Bérubé's prose. [[Martin Duberman]] called it:<ref name=hoffman/>
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Because he was gay, he was not allowed to testify before the [[Senate Armed Services Committee]] when it held hearings on the exclusion of homosexuals from the U.S. military in 1993. He provided Senator [[Edward Kennedy]] with questions to pose at those hearings and submitted as written testimony a paper titled "Historical Overview of the Origins of the Military's Ban on Homosexuals".<ref name=white/><ref>"Additional Views of Mr. Kennedy. Excerpted from the Senate Debate regarding the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1994. 139 Congressional Record, S11194; daily ed. September 9, 1993." [http://dont.stanford.edu/hearings/hearings.htm available online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511190150/http://dont.stanford.edu/hearings/hearings.htm |date=May 11, 2008 }}</ref>
In the documentary film ''Over Our Dead Bodies'' (1991) by video artist Stuart Marshall, he is interviewed along with [[Michael Callen]] and others on the development of AIDS activism. He held several teaching positions in the 1990s. He taught at [[Stanford University]] in Fall 1991, the [[University of California at Santa Cruz]] in Winter 1991 and Spring 1992, [[Portland State University]] (Oregon) in Summer Session 1994, and the [[New School for Social Research]] in Fall 1996.<ref name=white>{{cite book | chapter = How Gay Stays White and What Kind of White It Stays | title = My Desire for History: Essays in Gay, Labor, and Community History | first = Allan | last = Bérubé | editor-first1= John | editor-last1= D'Emilio | editor-first2 = Estelle B.| editor-last2= Freedman | date =2011 | pages= 210, 226, 228 | publisher = University of North Carolina Press }}</ref>
Bérubé received a [[MacArthur Fellowship]] in 1996.<ref name=chicago>{{cite web | title = Outing History: Allan Berube, X'68, wrote Coming Out Under Fire to tell the history of gay men and lesbian women in World War II | work = University of Chicago Magazine | date = February 1997 | url = http://magazine.uchicago.edu/9702/9702BOBProfiles2.html | access-date = October 23, 2022}}</ref> He received a Rockefeller grant from the Center for Lesbian and Gay Studies in 1994 to research a book on the [[Marine Cooks and Stewards Union]],{{efn|About 1998, it was described as: "''Dream Ships Sail Away: A Gay Odyssey Through the Golden Age of Luxury Liners'', a narrative history about how cooks and stewards who worked on passenger liners created one of the most democratic, multiracial, and pro-gay unions in the United States.<ref name=monette/>}} which was left unfinished when he died. As part of his research, he created ''No Red-Baiting! No Race-Baiting! No Queen-Baiting!'', a 90-minute illustrated talk on the left-wing, multi-racial, and gay-friendly union.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/no-baiting/red-race-queen | publisher = OutHistory | access-date = October 23, 2022 | title = No Race-Baiting, Red-Baiting, or Queer-Baiting! by Allan Bérubé | postscript = ; }} posthumously digitized.</ref><ref>{{cite book | chapter = No Red-Baiting! No Race-Baiting! No Queen-Baiting! | title = My Desire for History: Essays in Gay, Labor, and Community History| first = Allan | last = Bérubé | editor-first1= John | editor-last1= D'Emilio | editor-first2 = Estelle B. | editor-last2= Freedman | date =2011 | pages= 294–320 | publisher = University of North Carolina Press }}</ref>
In the 1990s he also shared his expertise on gay life with the creators of several documentaries, including: ''The Question of Equality'' (1994), a documentary television series of four one-hour films funded by Independent Television Service;<ref>{{cite web | access-date = October 26, 2022 | url = https://itvs.org/films/question-of-equality | title = The Question of Equality | website = Independent Television Service | postscript = ; Bérubé is not credited. }}</ref> ''Out At Work'' (1996), a documentary film by [[Tami Gold]];<ref>{{cite book | title =Out at Work: Building a Gay-Labor Alliance | date =2001 | chapter = Making Out At Work | publisher = University of Minnesota Press | editor-first1= Kitty | editor-last1=Krupat | editor-first2= Patrick | editor-last2= McCreery | first = Tami | last = Gold | pages= 150–171 }}</ref> ''[[Licensed to Kill (1997 film)|Licensed to Kill]]'' (1995), a documentary film by Arthur Dong;<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.deepfocusproductions.com/licensed-to-kill-looks-at-murderous-evil/ | newspaper = Los Angeles Times | title = Licensed To Kill Looks at Murderous Evil | access-date = October 26, 2022 | first = Kenneth | last = Tynan | date = April 18, 1997 | via = Deep Focus Productions | postscript = ; Bérubé is not credited }}</ref> and ''The Castro'' (1997), a documentary film produced by [[KQED (TV)|KQED]] San Francisco.<ref>{{cite web | access-date = October 26, 2022 | url = https://www.kqed.org/w/hood/castro/ | website = KQED | title = Neighborhoods: The Hidden Cities of San Francisco: The Castro| postscript= ; Bérube is not credited.}}</ref>
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===Papers and archives===
Bérubé donated the research materials related to what he called the "World War II Project" to the [[GLBT Historical Society]] in 1995 and 2000. The executors of his estate donated his surviving papers to the same archive,<ref>{{Cite news| title = Out of the Boxes: Historical Society Opens Archives of Pioneering Historian Allan Bérubé| newspaper = History Happens| date = March 2013 | url = http://archive.constantcontact.com/fs195/1101960178690/archive/1112495833980.html | access-date = 2013-02-28}}</ref> which holds other collections that include correspondence from Bérubé and materials that document his work,<ref>{{cite web | access-date = October 23, 2022 | url = https://oac.cdlib.org/search?query=Bérubé+&institution=GLBT+Historical+Society | title = Search results for Bérubé | website = Online Archive of California }}</ref> as do the papers of [[Jonathan Ned Katz]] held by the [[New York Public Library]].<ref>{{cite web | website = New York Public Library Archives and Manuscripts | url=http://www.nypl.org/archives/1508 | title = Jonathan Katz papers, c. 1947-1995 | access-date = October 23, 2022 }}</ref>
== Selected works ==
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[[Category:American gay writers]]
[[Category:Historians of LGBT topics]]
[[Category:American LGBT historians]]
[[Category:MacArthur Fellows]]
[[Category:American military historians]]
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[[Category:People from Liberty, New York]]
[[Category:Historians from Massachusetts]]
[[Category:LGBT academics]]▼
[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]
[[Category:Historians from New York (state)]]
[[Category:20th-century American LGBT people]]
[[Category:21st-century American LGBT people]]
[[Category:American LGBT writers]]
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