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{{Short description|Dialect of the Neapolitan language spoken in Taranto, Apulia, Italy}}
{{Expand Italian|date=November 2012|Dialetto tarantino}}
{{
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Tarantino
|nativename=
|pronunciation=
|region=[[Apulia]]
|states=[[Italy]]
|speakers=
|familycolor=Indo-European
|fam2=[[Italic languages|Italic]]
|fam3=[[
|fam4=[[Latin]]
|fam5=[[
|fam6=[[Italo-Western languages|Italo-Western]]
|fam7=[[Italo-Dalmatian languages|Italo-Dalmatian]]
|fam8=[[Italo-Dalmatian languages#Italo-Romance|Italo-Romance]]
|fam9=[[Neapolitan language|Neapolitan]]
|fam10=Apulian
|isoexception=dialect
|glotto=none
}}
'''Tarantino''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|t|ær|ən|ˈ|t|iː|n|oʊ}}; Tarantino: {{lang|nap|dialètte tarandíne}} {{IPA-nap|taranˈdiːnə|}}; {{lang-it|dialetto tarantino}}, {{IPA-it|taranˈtiːno|pron}}), spoken in the southeastern Italian region of [[Apulia]], is a transitional language, most of whose speakers live in the Apulian city of [[Taranto]]. The dialect is also spoken by a few Italian immigrants in the United States, especially in [[California]].
==History==
[[
The Tarantino dialect traces its origins into ancient times, when the territory was dominated by the [[Messapii]]
The colonisation by the Greeks founded Taranto not only as the capital of [[Magna Graecia]] but as a centre of poetry and theatre.{{citation needed|date=April 2012}} The Greeks had left considerable influence on Tarantino, both in vocabulary and morpho-syntax, and a very peculiar accent that scholars corresponded to [[Dorians|Doric]].{{citation needed|date=November 2018}} These influences are still found in many Tarantino words of Greek origin.{{efn|Tarantino words with Greek origins:
* {{lang|nap|celóne}} "tortoise" < {{lang|grc|χελώνη}} ''chelṓnē'' (It. {{lang|it|tartaruga}});
* {{lang|nap|cèndre}} "nail" < {{lang|grc|κέντρον}} ''kéntron'' (It. {{lang|it|chiodo}});
* {{lang|nap|ceráse}} "cherry" < {{lang|grc|κεράσιον}} ''kerásion'' (It. {{lang|it|ciliegia}});
* {{lang|nap|mesále}} "tablecloth" < {{lang|grc|μεσάλον}} ''mesálon'' (It. {{lang|it|tovaglia}});
* {{lang|nap|àpule}} "soft" < {{lang|grc|ἀπαλός}} ''apalós'' (It. {{lang|it|molle}});
* {{lang|nap|tràscene}} "weeverfish" < {{lang|grc|δράκαινα}} ''drákaina'' (It. {{lang|it|tracine}}).}}
Subsequently, the city of Taranto became a [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] city, thus introducing much [[Vulgar Latin]] vocabulary.{{efn|Some Tarantino vocabulary with Latin origins:
* {{lang|nap|díleche}} "skinny" < {{lang|la|dēlicus}} (It. {{lang|it|mingherlino}});
* {{lang|nap|descetáre}} "to wake up" < {{lang|la|oscitāre}} (It. {{lang|it|svegliare}});
* {{lang|nap|gramáre}} "to bemoan" < {{lang|la|clāmāre}} (It. {{lang|it|lamentarsi}});
* {{lang|nap|'mbise}} "bad, cruel" < {{lang|la|impensa}} (It. {{lang|it|cattivo}}, {{lang|it|malvagio}});
* {{lang|nap|sdevacáre}} "to empty, deprive" < {{lang|la|devacāre}} (It. {{lang|it|svuotare}});
* {{lang|nap|aláre}} "to yawn" < {{lang|la|hālāre}} (It. {{lang|it|sbadigliare}}).}}
During the [[Byzantine]] and [[Lombards|Lombard]] periods, Tarantino acquired [[diphthongization]]: the short ''o'' changed to ''ue'' and the short ''e'' changed to ''ie''; moreover, its vocabulary was further enriched with new words.{{efn|Tarantino words of [[Lombardic language|Lombardic]] origin:
* {{lang|nap|schife}} "skiff" < {{lang|lng|skif}} (It. {{lang|it|piccola barca}});
* {{lang|nap|ualáne}} "yokel" < {{lang|lng|gualane}} (It. {{lang|it|bifolco}}).}}
With the arrival of the [[Normans]] in 1071 and the [[Capetian House of Anjou|Angevins]] all the way through to 1400, the dialect lost much of its Eastern influences and was influenced by the [[Old French|French]] and Gallo-Italic elements.{{efn|Tarantino vocabulary of French origin:
* {{lang|nap|fesciùdde}} "fichu" < {{lang|fro|fichu}} (It. {{lang|it|coprispalle}});
* {{lang|nap|accattáre}} "to buy" < {{lang|fro|acheter}} (It. {{lang|it|comprare}});
* {{lang|nap|pote}} "pocket" < {{lang|fro|poche}} (It. {{lang|it|tasca}});
* {{lang|nap|'ndráme}} "guts" < {{lang|fro|entrailles}} (It. {{lang|it|interiora}}).}} In 1502, the city went under Catalan-Aragonese rule.
In 1801 the city was once again under the dominion of French troops, who left their mark with their [[Franco-Provençal language]].
Taranto has long been linked to the [[Kingdom of Naples]], which would explain some words in common with the [[Neapolitan dialect]].
== Samples ==
The Tarantino versions are compared to the Italian ones.
<div style="width:100%;">
<div style="float:left; width:40%; padding:1px; border: 1px solid blue; margin-left:15px; margin-right:15px;margin-bottom:15px; text-align:center; font-size: small">
'''<nowiki>'</nowiki>U <nowiki>'</nowiki>Mbierne de Dande ([[Claudio De Cuia]])'''<ref name="DeCuia_2">{{cite book|last=De Cuia|first=Claudio|year=1976|title=U Mbiérne de Dande|publisher=Editrice Tarentum|location=Taranto}}</ref>
''<nowiki>'</nowiki>Mmienze ô camíne nuèstre de <nowiki>'</nowiki>sta víte ''<br />
''ij<nowiki>'</nowiki> me scè <nowiki>'</nowiki>cchiève jndr<nowiki>'</nowiki>a <nowiki>'</nowiki>nu vòsch<nowiki>'</nowiki>uscúre''<br />
''ca <nowiki>'</nowiki>a drètta vije addáne havè<nowiki>'</nowiki> sparíte.''
''Ma ci l<nowiki>'</nowiki>à ddà cundáre le delúre ''<br />
''de <nowiki>'</nowiki>stu vosche sarvagge e <nowiki>'</nowiki>a strada stòrte''<br />
''ca jndr<nowiki>'</nowiki>o penzière me crèsce <nowiki>'</nowiki>a pavúre.''
''Ma è tand<nowiki>'</nowiki>amáre ch<nowiki>'</nowiki>è pêsce d<nowiki>'</nowiki>a morte;''<br />
''ma pe<nowiki>'</nowiki> ccundáre <nowiki>'</nowiki>u bbéne ca truvéve, ''<br />
''hagghia parlà<nowiki>'</nowiki> de quèdda mala sòrte.''
''Ije mo<nowiki>'</nowiki> nò ssacce accum<nowiki>'</nowiki>è ca m<nowiki>'</nowiki>acchiève,''<br />
''tand<nowiki>'</nowiki>assunnáte stáve a qquèdda vanne''<br />
''ca <nowiki>'</nowiki>a vije veràce te scè<nowiki>'</nowiki> <nowiki>'</nowiki>bbandunéve.''
''Doppe ch<nowiki>'</nowiki>havè<nowiki>'</nowiki> <nowiki>'</nowiki>rreváte tremelànne''<br />
''già <nowiki>'</nowiki>ngocchie a lle fenéte de <nowiki>'</nowiki>sta chiàne,''<br />
''ch<nowiki>'</nowiki>angòre ô côre dè<nowiki>'</nowiki> mattáne e affanne,''
''vedíve <nowiki>'</nowiki>u cièle tutte a mmane-a-mmane''<br />
''ca s<nowiki>'</nowiki>ammandáve d<nowiki>'</nowiki>a luce d<nowiki>'</nowiki>u sole''<br />
''ca <nowiki>'</nowiki>nzignalèsce <nowiki>'</nowiki>a strate a ogne crestiáne...''
</div>
<div style="float:right; width:40%; padding:1px; border: 1px solid blue; margin-left:15px; margin-right:15px;margin-bottom:15px; text-align:center; font-size: small">
'''[[Inferno (Dante)#Cantos I–II|Inferno – Canto I]] ([[Dante Alighieri]])'''
''Nel mezzo del cammin di nostra vita''<br />
''mi ritrovai per una selva oscura,''<br />
''ché la diritta via era smarrita''.
''Ahi quanto a dir qual era è cosa dura''<br />
''esta selva selvaggia e aspra e forte''<br />
''che nel pensier rinova la paura!''
''Tant<nowiki>'</nowiki> è amara che poco è più morte;''<br />
''ma per trattar del ben ch<nowiki>'</nowiki>i<nowiki>'</nowiki> vi trovai,''<br />
''dirò de l<nowiki>'</nowiki>altre cose ch<nowiki>'</nowiki>i<nowiki>'</nowiki> v<nowiki>'</nowiki>ho scorte''.
''Io non so ben ridir com<nowiki>'</nowiki> i<nowiki>'</nowiki> v<nowiki>'</nowiki>intrai,''<br />
''tant<nowiki>'</nowiki> era pien di sonno a quel punto''<br />
''che la verace via abbandonai.''
''Ma poi ch<nowiki>'</nowiki>i<nowiki>'</nowiki> fui al piè d<nowiki>'</nowiki>un colle giunto,''<br />
''là dove terminava quella valle''<br />
''che m<nowiki>'</nowiki>avea di paura il cor compunto,''
''guardai in alto e vidi le sue spalle''<br />
''vestite già de<nowiki>'</nowiki> raggi del pianeta''<br />
''che mena dritto altrui per ogne calle...''
</div>
</div>{{Clear}}
<div style="width:100%;">
<div style="float:left; width:40%; padding:1px; border: 1px solid blue; margin-left:15px; margin-right:15px;margin-bottom:15px; text-align:center; font-size: small">
'''<nowiki>'</nowiki>U <nowiki>'</nowiki>càndeche de le crijatúre de San Frangísche (Enrico Vetrò)'''
''Altísseme, 'Neputènde, Signóre bbuéne,''<br />
''Túje so' le làude, 'a glorie e ll’anóre e ogne bbenedizzióne.''
''A Tté súle, Altísseme, Te tòcchene,''<br />
''e nnisciún’óme éte dègne de Te menduváre.''
''Lavudáte sije, Signóre mije, appríss’a ttutte le crijatúre Tóve,''<br />
''spéče frátema mije mèstre sóle,''<br />
''ca jé llúče d’u ggiúrne, e nn’allumenìsce a nnúje cu jidde.''
''E jìdd’é' bbèlle e allucèsce cu sblennóre granne,''<br />
''de Téje, Altísseme, annùče 'u valóre.''
''Lavudáte sije, Signóre mije, pe' ssòrem’a lúne e lle stèdde:''<br />
'''ngíele l’hé crijáte lucénde, sobraffíne e vvalènde, e bbèdde.''<br /><br />
''Lavudáte sije, Signóre mije, pe' ffráteme 'u víende,''<br />
''e ppe' ll’àrie, le nùvele, 'u chiaríme e ogne ttìjembe,''<br />
''ca cu chìdde a lle crijatúre Tóve le fáče refiatà.''<br /><br />
''Lavudáte sije, Signóre mije, pe' ssòreme l’acque,''<br />
''ca jé ùtele asséje, terragnóle, prizziósa e cchiáre.''
''Lavudáte sije, Signóre mije, pe' ffráteme 'u fuéche,''<br />
''ca cu jìdde allumenìsce 'a nòtte:''<br />
''e jidd’è' bbèlle, allègre, pastecchíne e ffòrte.''
''Lavudáte sije, Signóre mije, p’a sóra nòstra màtra tèrre,''<br />
''ca ne mandéne e nn’ènghie 'a vèndre,''<br />
''e ccàcce numúnne de frùtte e ppúre fiúre d’ogne cculóre e ll’èrve.''<br /><br />
''Lavudáte sije, Signóre mije, pe' cchidde ca perdònene p’amóre Túve''<br />
''E ssuppòrtene malatíje e ttrìbbule.''
''Vijáte a cchìdde ca l’honna ssuppurtà cu rrassignazzióne,''<br />
''ca da Téje, Altísseme, honn’essere 'ngurunáte.''<br /><br />
''Lavudáte sije, Signóre mije, p’a sóra nostra morta d’u cuèrpe''<br />
''ca da jèdde nisciún’ome ca refiáte po' scambáre:''<br />
''uàje a cchìdde c’honna murè jind’a' le puccáte murtále;''<br />
''vijáte a cchìdde ca jedde à dda truvà jind’a' Vulundà' Ttója Sandísseme,''<br />
''ca a llóre 'a secònna mòrte no 'nge l’à ddà ffa' mále.''
''Lavudáte e bbenedecíte 'u Signóre mij' e dečíteLe gràzzie''<br />
''E sservíteLe cu grànna devuzzióne.''
</div>
<div style="float:right; width:40%; padding:1px; border: 1px solid blue; margin-left:15px; margin-right:15px;margin-bottom:15px; text-align:center; font-size: small">
'''[[Canticle of the Sun]] ([[Francis of Assisi]])'''
''Altissimu, onnipotente bon Signore,''<br />
''Tue so' le laude, la gloria e l'honore et onne benedictione.''
''Ad Te solo, Altissimo, se konfano,''<br />
''et nullu homo ène dignu te mentovare.''
''Laudato sie, mi' Signore cum tucte le Tue creature,''<br />
''spetialmente messor lo frate Sole,''<br />
''lo qual è iorno, et allumeni noi per lui.''
''Et ellu è bellu e radiante cum grande splendore:''<br />
''de Te, Altissimo, porta significatione.''
''Laudato si', mi Signore, per sora Luna e le stelle:''<br />
''in celu l'ài formate clarite et pretiose et belle.''
''Laudato si', mi' Signore, per frate Vento''<br />
''et per aere et nubilo et sereno et onne tempo,''<br />
''per lo quale, a le Tue creature dài sustentamento.''
''Laudato si', mi' Signore, per sor Aqua,''<br />
''la quale è multo utile et humile et pretiosa et casta.''
''Laudato si', mi Signore, per frate Focu,''<br />
''per lo quale ennallumini la nocte:''<br />
''ed ello è bello et iocundo et robustoso et forte.''
''Laudato si', mi' Signore, per sora nostra matre Terra,''<br />
''la quale ne sustenta et governa,''<br />
''et produce diversi fructi con coloriti flori et herba.''
''Laudato si', mi Signore, per quelli che perdonano per lo Tuo amore''<br />
''et sostengono infirmitate et tribulatione.''
''Beati quelli ke 'l sosterranno in pace,''<br />
''ka da Te, Altissimo, sirano incoronati.''
''Laudato si' mi Signore, per sora nostra Morte corporale,''<br />
''da la quale nullu homo vivente po' skappare:''<br />
''guai a quelli ke morrano ne le peccata mortali;''<br />
''beati quelli ke trovarà ne le Tue sanctissime voluntati,''<br />
''ka la morte secunda no 'l farrà male.''
''Laudate et benedicete mi Signore et rengratiate''<br />
''e serviateli cum grande humilitate..''<br />
</div>
</div>{{Clear}}
== See also ==
* [[Salentino dialect]]
* [[Neapolitan language]]
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Interwiki|code=roa-tara|name=Tarantino}}
{{Languages of Italy}}
{{Romance languages}}
[[Category:Languages of Apulia]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Taranto]]
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