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{{Speciesbox
| image = AnacamptisPyramidalis.jpg
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| genus = Anacamptis
| species = pyramidalis
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Louis Claude Richard|Rich.]]
| synonyms = * ''Anacamptis condensata'' <small>Koch</small>
* ''Orchis appendiculata'' <small>Stokes</small>
* ''Orchis bicornis'' <small>Gilib.</small>
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}}
'''''Anacamptis pyramidalis''''', the '''pyramidal orchid''',<ref name=BSBI07>{{
== Description ==
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This hardy plant reaches on average {{convert|10|-|25|cm|in}} of height, with a maximum of {{convert|60|cm|in}}. The stem is erect and unbranched. The basal leaves are linear-lanceolate with parallel venation, up to {{convert|25|cm}} long, the cauline ones are shorter and barely visible on the stem. The arrangement of [[Hermaphrodite|hermaphroditic]] flowers in a compact pyramidal shape is very distinctive and gives the orchid its common name. The colour of the [[flower]] varies from pink to purple, or rarely white, and the scent is described as "foxy". The flowers have six [[tepal]]s, being three small [[sepal]]s and three [[petal]]s. Two small [[petal]]s are on the sides, while the third and lower ([[Labellum (botany)|labellum]]) is large and trilobate. At the back of the flower there is a tubular spur of about {{convert|1.5|cm|in}} long, while the [[Labellum (botany)|labellum]] bears two lateral small flaps. The flowering period extends from April through July.
== Habitat and
''Anacamptis pyramidalis'' requires a sunny spot on diverse soils: loamy or clay. It can even grow on very [[alkaline]] soil. It can be found on meadows, in [[grassland]], sand dunes, [[Maquis shrubland|maquis]] as well as dry and well exposed slopes, at an altitude of {{convert|0|-|1600|m|round=50||disp=x| or more (| approx.) }} above sea level.<ref>[http://www.pakbs.org/pjbot/PDFs/44(SI1)/20.pdf Pakistan Journal of Botany - Studies on the morphology, anatomy and ecology of Anacamptis pyramidalis (L.) in Turkey]</ref><ref>[https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Anacamptis+pyramidalis Plants for a Future - Anacamptis pyramidalis]</ref>
In the UK, ''Anacamptis pyramidalis'' is
This orchid is native to southwestern [[Eurasia]], from western [[Europe]] through the [[Mediterranean]] region eastwards to [[Iran]]. In [[Germany]], it is rare and was declared [[Orchid of the Year]] in 1990 to heighten awareness of this plant.
This orchid is especially common on the [[Isle of Wight]] in the South of [[England]], and was designated the [[County flowers of the United Kingdom|county plant]] in 2008. On the Isle of Wight, it favours growth in chalky or sandstone-rich soil,<ref>{{cite web |title=Pyramidal orchid |url=https://www.plantlife.org.uk/uk/discover-wild-plants-nature/plant-fungi-species/pyramidal-orchid#:~:text=Pyramidal%20orchid%20Anacamptis%20pyramidalis&text=The%20pyramidal%20orchid%20was%20chosen,soil%20in%20order%20to%20bloom. |website=Plantlife |
== Ecology ==
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* ''Anacamptis pyramidalis'' var. ''tanayensis'' <small>(Chenevard) Soó in Keller</small> – Tanay Pyramidal Orchid - Flowers darker and smaller. [[Fribourg (canton)|Fribourg]] and [[Valais]] cantons ([[Switzerland]]).
* ''Anacamptis pyramidalis'' var. ''urvilleana'' <small>(Sommier & Caruana Gatto) Schlechter</small> – Maltese Pyramidal Orchid, an endemic orchid from [[Malta]] with smaller and paler flowers flowering
* ''Anacamptis pyramidalis'' var. ''sanguinea'' <small>(Druce) Kreutz</small> – Western Irish Pyramidal Orchid. -[[Inflorescence]] rounder, plant smaller overall. [[County Galway]] to [[County Kerry]] ([[Ireland]])
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==Medicinal uses==
{{
The dried and ground tuber (from various species of ''Orchis'' and ''Anacamptis'') can be made into a fine white powder, called [[salep]]. This is a very nutritious sweet starchlike substance. It is used in drinks, cereals and in making bread. In Turkey it is used in ice-creams.<ref>Eng Soon Teoh {{google books|iEGjDwAAQBAJ|Orchids as Aphrodisiac, Medicine or Food (2019)|page=46}}</ref> It was also used medicinally in diets for children and convalescents.
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| publisher = John Murray
| url =http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F800&pageseq=1
|
== External links ==
* {{Commons-inline
* {{Wikispecies-inline|Anacamptis pyramidalis|pyramidal orchid ''(Anacamptis pyramidalis)''}}
* {{EOL}}
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[[Category:Flora of Germany]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
[[Category:Flora of Malta]]
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