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{{
{{About||the 1810 revolution|May Revolution|the 1905 revolution|Argentine Revolution of 1905}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = 1966 Argentine coup d'état
| partof = the [[Cold War]]
| image = Onganía-Levingston-Lanusse (Revolución Argentina).jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Generals [[Juan Carlos Onganía]], [[Roberto Marcelo Levingston]] and [[Alejandro Agustín Lanusse]], the three successive dictators of the "''Revolución Argentina''".
| date = 28 June 1966
| place = [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]
| result = Overthrow of the government of [[Arturo Umberto Illia]]. Suspension of the [[liberal democracy]] and establishment of [[military dictatorship]].
| combatant1 = {{flagicon|Argentina|army}} [[Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic|Argentine Armed Forces]]
| combatant2 = {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Government of Argentina]]
| commander1
*{{flagdeco|Argentina|army}} [[Pascual Pistarini]]
| commander2 = [[Arturo Umberto Illia]]▼
*{{flagdeco|Argentina|air force}} [[Adolfo Álvarez]]
| strength1 = ▼
*{{flagdeco|Argentina|navy}} [[Benigno Varela]]
| strength2 = ▼
| casualties1 = ▼
| casualties2 = ▼
}}
▲| commander2 = [[Arturo Umberto Illia]]
{{History of Argentina}}▼
▲| strength1 =
▲| strength2 =
▲| casualties1 =
▲| casualties2 =
}}
▲{{History of Argentina}}{{Revolution sidebar}}
'''Argentine Revolution''' ({{lang-es|Revolución Argentina|links=no}}) was the [[Self-proclaimed|name given by its leaders]] to a military [[coup d'état]] which overthrew the government of [[Argentina]] in June 1966 and began a period of [[military dictatorship]] by a [[military junta|junta]] from then until 1973.
==The ''Revolución Argentina'' and the "authoritarian-bureaucratic state"==
The June 1966 coup established General [[Juan Carlos Onganía]] as ''[[de facto]]'' president, supported by several leaders of the [[General Confederation of Labour (Argentina)|General Confederation of Labour]] (CGT), including the general secretary [[Augusto Vandor]].
This was followed by a series of [[military]]-appointed presidents and the implementation of [[economic liberalism|liberal economic]] policies, supported by [[multinational companies]], employers' federations, part of the more-or-less corrupt [[workers' movement]], and the [[News media|press]].
While preceding military coups were aimed at establishing temporary, transitional ''[[Military
==Onganía's rule (1966–70)==
Onganía implemented [[corporatism|corporatist]] policies, experimenting in particular in [[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]] under the governance of [[Carlos José Caballero|Carlos Caballero]]. The new [[Minister of Economy of Argentina|Minister of Economy]], [[Adalbert Krieger Vasena]], decreed a wage freeze and a 40% devaluation, which weakened the [[Economy of Argentina|economy]] – in particular the agricultural sector – and favored foreign capital. Vasena suspended [[collective bargaining|collective labour conventions]], reformed the "hydrocarbons law" which had established a partial monopoly of the ''[[YPF|Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales]]'' (YPF) state firm, and passed a law facilitating the [[eviction]] of tenants over their non-payment of domestic rent. Finally, the [[right to strike]] was suspended (Law 16,936) and several other laws passed reversing previous progressive [[labor legislation]] (reducing retirement age, etc.).
The workers' movement divided itself between Vandoristas, who supported a "[[Peronism]] without [[Juan Perón|Perón]]" line ([[Augusto Vandor]], leader of the [[General Confederation of Labour (Argentina)|General Confederation of Labour]], declared that "to save Perón, one has to be against Perón") and advocated negotiation with the junta, alongside "Participationists" headed by [[José Alonso (trade unionist)|José Alonso]], and Peronists, who formed the [[General Confederation of Labour of the Argentines]] (CGTA) in 1968 and were opposed to any kind of participation with the military junta. Perón himself, from his exile in [[Francoist Spain]], maintained a cautious and ambiguous line of opposition to the regime, rejecting both the endorsement and open confrontation.
===Cultural and education policies===
[[Image: Blargos1.jpg|thumb|left|''[[La Noche de los
Onganía ended university autonomy, which had been achieved by the [[Argentine university reform of 1918|University
He was responsible for the July 1966 ''[[La Noche de los
Onganía also ordered repression on all forms of "immoralism", proscribing [[miniskirts]], [[long hair]] for young men, and all [[avant-garde]] artistic movements.<ref name=Bermand/> This moral campaign alienated the middle classes, who were massively present in [[Education in Argentina|universities]].<ref name=Bermand/>
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===Increasing protests===
On 19 September 1968, two important events affected Revolutionary Peronism. [[John William Cooke]], former personal delegate of Perón, an ideologist of the Peronist Left and friend of [[Fidel Castro]], died from natural causes. On the same day a group of 13 men and one woman who aimed at establishing a ''[[foco]]'' in [[Tucumán Province]], in order to head the resistance against the junta, was captured;<ref name=Anzorena48>Oscar R. Anzorena, ''Tiempo de violencia y utopía (1966-1976)'', Editorial Contrapunto, 1987, p.48 {{in lang|es}}</ref> among them was Envar El Kadre, then a leader of the [[Peronist Youth]].<ref name=Anzorena48/>
[[Image:Cordobazo.jpg|thumb|Images of the ''[[Cordobazo]]'', May–June 1969]]
In 1969, the ''CGT de los Argentinos'' (led by [[Raimundo Ongaro]]) headed protest movements, in particular the [[Cordobazo]], as well as other movements in [[San Miguel de Tucumán|Tucumán]], [[Santa Fe, Argentina|Santa Fe]] and [[Rosario, Santa Fe|Rosario]] (''[[Rosariazo]]''). While Perón managed a reconciliation with Augusto Vandor, he followed, in particular through the voice of his delegate Jorge Paladino, a cautious line of opposition to the military junta, criticizing with moderation the neoliberal policies of the junta but waiting for discontent inside the government ("''hay que desensillar hasta que aclare''", said Perón, advocating patience). Thus, Onganía had an interview with 46 CGT delegates, among them Vandor, who agreed on "participationism" with the military junta, thus uniting themselves with the ''Nueva Corriente de Opinión'' headed by [[José Alonso (trade unionist)|José Alonso]] and Rogelio Coria.
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==Levingston's rule (1970–71)==
Faced with increasing opposition, in particular following the ''[[Cordobazo]]'', General Onganía was forced to resign by the military junta, composed of the chiefs of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force. He was replaced by General [[Roberto
A coalition of political parties issued the statement known as ''La Hora del Pueblo'' ("Time of the People"), calling for free and democratic elections which would include the [[Justicialist Party]]. Under this pressure, Levingston was ousted by an internal coup headed by the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces and strongman of the ''Revolución Argentina'', General [[Alejandro Agustín Lanusse]].
==Lanusse's rule (1971–73)==
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==Notes==
{{
==References==
*Oscar R. Anzorena, ''Tiempo de violencia y utopía (1966-1976)'', Editorial Contrapunto, 1987
{{Cold War}}
{{Presidents of Argentina}}
{{
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:20th-century revolutions]]
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[[Category:Political repression in Argentina]]
[[Category:Revolutions in Argentina]]
[[Category:June 1966 events in South America]]
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