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{{Short description|Military funeral rite}}
{{distinguish|21-gun salute}}
[[File:090410-N-0774H-210 - USS Abraham Lincoln Rifle Salute.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Sailors of the [[United States Navy]], armed with [[M14 rifle|M14]]s, form a rifle party and fire a volley salute on the deck of the aircraft carrier [[USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72)|USS ''Abraham Lincoln'']] during a [[burial at sea]] ceremony.]]
{{Listen|filename=3_Volley_Salute_-_US_Army_Funeral.ogg|title="Three Volley Salute"|description=A [[US Army]] rifle party performing afiring three volley salute.volleys|format=[[Ogg]]}}
The '''three-volley salute''' is a ceremonial act performed at [[military funeral]]s and sometimes also police funerals. The custom likely originates fromwith Roman funeral rites. Dirt would be cast on the Europeanbody dynasticthree warstimes followed, whereand the fightingceremony ceasedwas soended by the deceased's name being called three times. It was then customary for the deadfriends and woundedrelatives couldof bethe removeddeceased to repeat the word 'vale' (meaning farewell or goodbye) three times. Then,In more recent history three shotsvolleys were fired intoto signify the airend toof signala funeral and that the battleburial coulddetail resumewas to be ready for battle.<ref>[http{{Cite web |date=May 2021 |title=TC 3-21.5 Drill and Ceremonies |url=https://wwwarmypubs.vaarmy.govmil/opaepubs/publicationsDR_pubs/celebrateDR_a/gunsaluteARN32297-TC_3-21.5-000-WEB-1.pdf Gun Salutes |access-date=December US9, Dept2023 |website=U.S. ofArmy Publishing VeteransDirectorate Affairs]|page=157}}</ref>
 
It should not be confused with the [[21-gun salute]] (or 19-gun or 17-gun, etc.) which is fired by a [[Artillery battery|battery]] of [[artillery|artillery pieces]].
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In the United States it is part of the [[drill and ceremony]] of the [[honor guard|Honor Guard]]. It consists of a rifle party firing [[Blank (cartridge)|blank cartridges]] into the air three times.
 
A rifle party usually has an [[odd number]] of members, from 3three to 7seven. The firearm used is typically a [[rifle]], but at some [[police]] funerals, [[shotguns]] or [[handguns]] are used. The party usually stands so that the muzzles are pointed over the casket. However, if mourners are present near the grave, the party stands some distance away (often recommended at least 50 feet) so as to not deafen the attendees and to minimize the disturbance. If the service is being performed indoors, the firing party stands outside the building, often near the front entrance.<ref name=USMC>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.marines.cc/downloads/MC2691/MAIN3-1.pdf |title=Marine Corps Drill Manual -– Chapter 19 and 21] |access-date=2009-12-24 |archive-date=2009-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090306094411/http://www.marines.cc/downloads/MC2691/MAIN3-1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> On the command of the [[Non-commissioned officer|NCO]]-in-charge, the party raises their weapons and fires three times in unison.<ref name=USMC/>
Modern United States military parties use [[M1 Garand|M1]], [[M14 rifle|M14]] or [[M16 rifle|M16]] rifles. The use of blank cartridges means these weapon's [[semi-automatic rifle|semi-automatic]] gas action will not function, requiring manual cycling of the next round between shots.<ref name=USMC/> Some parties equip the rifle with a [[blank-firing adapter]], which eliminates this step from the drill after the first shot, though this is seen by some as less traditional. Similarly, the M1 and M14 are generally preferred over the current issue M16 because the appearance of these older rifles is more traditional and the charging handles are more easily operated in a dignified, ceremonial manner.
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==Irish Republicans==
[[Irish republicanism|Irish Republicans]] also fire a three-volley salute at the funerals of [[Irish Republican Army|IRA]] and [[Irish National Liberation Army|INLA]] [[Volunteer (Irish republican)|volunteers]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/mcguinness-funeral-to-take-place-at-scene-of-ira-church-clash-1.3020582|title=McGuinness funeral to take place at scene of IRA-church clash|last=Jackson|first=George|newspaper=The Irish Times|language=en|access-date=2019-04-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/05/08/world/sands-is-buried-in-belfast-with-ira-military-salute.html|title=Sands Is Buried in Belfast with I.r.a. Military Salute|last=Borders|first=William|date=1981-05-08|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-04-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/gardai-confident-of-arresting-dissidents-behind-gun-salute-26896290.html|title=Gardai confident of arresting dissidents behind gun salute|website=Independent.ie|date=10 September 2012 |language=en|access-date=2019-04-21}}</ref>
[[Irish republicanism|Irish Republicans]] also fire a three volley salute at the funerals of [[Irish Republican Army|IRA]] and [[Irish National Liberation Army|INLA]] [[Volunteer (Irish republican)|Volunteers]]
 
[[File:William Fleming - Danny Doherty IRA funeral.jpg|right|thumb|300px|[[Provisional IRA]] IRA volunteers fire shots from [[AR-15]] automatic rifles over the coffins of IRA Volunteers [[William Fleming (Irish republican)|William Fleming]] & [[Danny Doherty]] in December 1984. The image of defiance became one of the most iconic images of the [[The Troubles|Northern Ireland Troubles]] during the mid 1980's.]]
 
==See also==
*[[21-gun salute]]
*[[Ten -bell salute]]
*[[Burial at sea]]
*[[Change of command]]
*[[Color guard]]
*[[Half-mast]]
*[[HonorGuard guardof honour]]
*[[Military funeral]]
*[[Military rites]]
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*[[State funeral]]
*[[Tomb of the Unknown Soldier]]
*[[Feu de joie]]
 
==References==
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-volley_salute"