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Line 1: {{Short description\|API for rendering audio}} {{~~distinguish~~Distinguish\|OpenAI}} {{more citations needed\|date=September 2015}} {{Infobox software \|name = OpenAL Line 22 ⟶ 20: * "OpenAL" trademark: unclear, held by Creative Labs, Inc. }} '''OpenAL''' ('''Open Audio Library''') is a [[cross-platform]] audio [[application programming interface]] (API). It is designed for efficient rendering of multichannel three-dimensional positional audio. Its API style and conventions deliberately resemble those of [[OpenGL]]. OpenAL is an environmental [[3D audio effect\|3D audio]] library, which can add realism to a game by simulating [[Acoustic attenuation\|attenuation]] (degradation of sound over distance), the [[Doppler effect]] (change in frequency as a result of motion), and material densities. OpenAL aimed to originally be an [[open standard]] and [[open-source software\|open-source]] replacement for [[proprietary software\|proprietary]] (and generally incompatible with one another) 3D audio APIs such as [[DirectSound]] and [[Core Audio]], though in practice has largely been implemented on various platforms as a [[Wrapper library\|wrapper]] around said proprietary APIs or as a proprietary and vendor-specific fork. While the [[reference implementation]] later became proprietary and unmaintained, there are open source implementations such as [[#Implementations\|OpenAL Soft]] available. ==History== OpenAL was originally developed in 2000 by [[Loki Software]] to help them in their business of [[porting]] [[Microsoft Windows\|Windows]] games to [[Linux]].<ref>{{cite press release \|url=http://linux.omnipotent.net/article.php?article_id=7626 \|title=Press release with regards to OpenAL \|access-date=2011-07-18 \|archive-date=2016-03-06 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306095132/http://linux.omnipotent.net/article.php?article_id=7626 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> After the demise of Loki, the project was maintained for a time by the [[free software community\|free software]]/[[open source community]], and implemented on [[NVIDIA]] nForce sound cards and motherboards. It was hosted (and largely developed) by [[Creative Technology]] until circa 2012. Since 1.1 (2009), the sample implementation by Creative has turned proprietary,{{Citation needed\|reason=Creative's SVN OpenAL source files dated from 2006 are marked with LGPL.\|date=November 2021}} with the last releases in free licenses still accessible through the project's [[Apache Subversion\|Subversion]] [[source code repository]]. However, [[#Implementations\|OpenAL Soft]] is a widely used open source alternative and remains actively maintained and extended. While the OpenAL charter says that there will be an "Architecture Review Board" (ARB) modeled on the OpenGL ARB,{{cn\|date=April 2023}} no such organization has ever been formed and the OpenAL specification is generally handled and discussed via email on its public mailing list. The original mailing list, openal-devel hosted by Creative, ran from March 2003 to circa August 2012.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Wayback Machine prefix query: openal-devel archive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web//http://opensource.creative.com/pipermail/openal-devel/ ~~\|website=web.archive.org~~ \|access-date=25 April 2023}}</ref> Ryan C. Gordon, a Loki veteran who went on to develop [[Simple DirectMedia Layer]], started a new mailing list and website at OpenAL.org in January 2014.<ref>{{cite web \|title=The openal January 2014 Archive by thread \|url=https://openal.org/pipermail/openal/2014-January/thread.html \|website=openal.org}}</ref> As of February 2023, the list remains in use. ==API structure and functionality== Line 51: ==Supported platforms== The API is available on the following [[computing platform ~~(computing)~~\|platforms]] and [[~~Operating~~operating system]]s:<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.adalin.com/index.html?frame2=product_aeonwave.html\|title=OpenAL – Platforms\|access-date=May 10, 2012}}</ref> [[Android (operating system)\|Android]] (supports [[OpenSL ES]]), [[AmigaOS]] 3.x and 4.x,<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://se.aminet.net/dev/lib/openal-soft.readme \|title=Archived copy \|website=se.aminet.net \|access-date=6 June 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316151848/http://se.aminet.net/dev/lib/openal-soft.readme \|archive-date=16 March 2018 \|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Bada]], [[BlackBerry 10]],<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://github.com/blackberry/OpenAL\|title=blackberry/OpenAL 路 GitHub\|website=Github.com\|access-date=January 14, 2013}}</ref> [[BlackBerry PlayBook]], [[BSD]], [[iOS]] (supports [[Core Audio]]), [[IRIX]], [[Linux]] (supports [[ALSA (Linux)\|ALSA]], [[Open Sound System\|OSS]], [[PortAudio]] and [[PulseAudio]]), [[Mac OS 8]], [[Mac OS 9]] and [[macOS\|Mac OS X]] ([[Core Audio]]), [[Microsoft Windows]] (supports [[DirectSound]], [[Windows Multimedia API]] and Windows Multimedia Device (MMDevice) API), [[MorphOS]], [[OpenBSD]],<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://openports.se/audio/openal\|title=OpenAL for OpenBSD\|access-date=2011-07-18\|archive-date=2012-03-18\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318180218/http://openports.se/audio/openal\|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Solaris (operating system)\|Solaris]], [[QNX]], and [[AROS]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=33758\|title=OpenAL/alut/ogg/vorbis [Forum – Development (General)\|publisher=AROS-Exec\|access-date=June 16, 2013\|archive-date=May 26, 2013\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526135417/http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=33758\|url-status=dead}}</ref> Supported gaming devices are for instance: [[GameCube]], [[PlayStation 2]], [[PlayStation 3]], [[Xbox (console)\|Xbox]], [[Xbox 360]], [[Wii]], and [[PlayStation Portable]]. Line 115: : The OpenAL Sample Implementation is the original implementation, from Loki, and is not currently maintained. ;OpenAL Soft : OpenAL Soft is an LGPL-licensed, cross-platform, software implementation. The library is meant as a free compatible update/replacement to the now-deprecated and proprietary OpenAL Sample Implementation. OpenAL Soft supports mono, stereo (including HRTF and UHJ), 4-channel, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, and B-Format output. Ambisonic assets are supported.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://openal-soft.org/\|title=OpenAL Soft – Software 3D Audio \|publisher=openal-soft.org\|access-date=January 4, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=OpenAL Soft Git repository\|url=http://repo.or.cz/w/openal-soft.git\|access-date=December 26, 2013}}</ref> ;AeonWave-OpenAL : AeonWave-OpenAL is an LGPL-licensed OpenAL emulation layer that takes advantage of the hardware acceleration provided by the [[Proprietary software\|non-free]] but low cost AeonWave 4D-audio library for Linux and Windows made by [[Adalin B.V.]] The author claims that AeonWave-OpenAL implementation renders 3D audio five (on an [[AMD Athlon 64 X2]]) to seven (on an [[Intel Atom#Performance\|Intel Atom N270]]) times faster than either [[#Implementations\|OpenAL SI]] or [[#Implementations\|OpenAL Soft]] under the same conditions.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://opensource.creative.com/pipermail/openal-devel/2012-May/005903.html\|title=[Openal-devel] Announcement: AeonWave-OpenAL 1.1.7 released\|date=May 9, 2012\|author=Hofman, Erik\|access-date=December 9, 2012\|quote=Test have shown that AeonWave-OpenAL renders audio five times faster (on an AMD Athlon-64 X2 processor) and up to seven times faster (on an Intel Atom-N270 processor) than both OpenAL-Soft and OpenAL-Sample. Rendering 32 sounds on the Atom-N270 (the maximum for OpenAL-Soft) saves 1 Watt of continuous power consumption according to powertop.\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130119200045/http://opensource.creative.com/pipermail/openal-devel/2012-May/005903.html\|archive-date=January 19, 2013}}</ref> By using the [[AeonWave]] library this implementation supports HRTF as well as spatialised surround sound for up to eight speakers. Line 123: :* High quality sample rate conversion (used for various purposes including Doppler shift). :* High quality effects and filters. ~~:* Directional sound sources.~~ :* Support for multi-channel sound sources (including assets encoded using [[Ambisonics]]). :* The only limit on the number of sources or effects is CPU power, can render hundreds of sound sources and multiple effects on relatively old hardware. :* [[Ambisonics#Higher-order Ambisonics\|Higher-order Ambisonics]] (HOA) bus running at up to fourth order. ;Apple OpenAL<ref name=apple-oss>{{Cite web\|url=https://opensource.apple.com/tarballs/OpenAL/\|title=Source Browser}}</ref> :Apple ships an implementation of OpenAL in macOS and iOS. It is a very thin layer over the 3D Mixer (kAudioUnitSubType_3DMixer) feature in the operating system. This implementation was originally written by Ryan C. Gordon for Altivec Mac OS X systems.<ref>{{cite web \|title=An OpenAL implementation for MacOS X \|url=https://icculus.org/al_osx/ \|website=icculus.org}}</ref> ;MojoAL :Tiny (single-file), full OpenAL 1.1 implementation built on top of [[Simple DirectMedia Layer\|SDL2]] by Ryan C. Gordon.<ref>{{cite web \|title=MojoAL \|url=https://icculus.org/mojoAL/ \|website=icculus.org}}</ref> ==See also== {{Portal\|Free and open-source software}} * [[OpenCL]] * [[Khronos Group\|OpenML]] * [[OpenMAX AL]] * [[FMOD]] * [[Java OpenAL]] * [[Irrlicht engine extensions#irrKlang\|irrKlang]] * [[Lightweight Java Game Library]] * [[Web Audio]] – defines an API similar in some ways to OpenAL ==References== Line 144 ⟶ 146: ==External links== * [https://openal.org~~/games/~~ OpenAL official website] * [http://www.openal-soft.org/ OpenAL Soft]▼ Implementations: * [http://www.adalin.com/index.html?frame2=product_aeonwave.html AeonWave-OpenAL] ▲* [~~http~~https://~~www~~github.com/kcat/openal-soft~~.org/~~ OpenAL Soft] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040803034419/http://www.devmaster.net/articles.php?catID=6 DevMaster.net OpenAL Tutorials] (Note: these tutorials are showing their age slightly by, for instance, using deprecated functions such as alutLoadWAVFile) {{Dead link\|date=January 2016}}▼ * [~~http~~https://www.~~blueripplesound~~adalin.com/index.~~php~~html?~~target~~frame2=~~technology~~product_aeonwave.html ~~Rapture3D~~AeonWave-OpenAL] ~~advanced OpenAL 1.1 driver~~ * [https://www.blueripplesound.com/index.php?target=technology Rapture3D] advanced OpenAL 1.1 driver * [https://conan.io/center/openal/1.19.1/ OpenAL package for C++]▼ Developer resources: ▲* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040803034419/http://www.devmaster.net/articles.php?catID=6 DevMaster.net OpenAL Tutorials] (Note: these tutorials are showing their age slightly by, for instance, using deprecated functions such as alutLoadWAVFile) ~~{{Dead link\|date=January 2016}}~~ * [https://github.com/Raulshc/OpenAL-EXT-Repository OpenAL extension repository] (maintained by Raulshc as of 2023; with table of supported extensions per implementation) ▲* [https://conan.io/center/openal~~/1.19.1~~/ OpenAL package] ~~for~~in Conan, a C++] package manager {{Creative Technology}} Line 157 ⟶ 164: [[Category:Computer libraries]] [[Category:Cross-platform software]] [[Category:Formerly open-source or free software]] [[Category:Linux APIs]] [[Category:Video game engines]]