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|propellant=
|production_date=December 1994–2010
|service=December
|engine=Three-stage [[Solid-fuel rocket]]
|engine_power=
|weight= 47,200 kg (104,000 lb)
|length={{convert|22
|height=
|diameter={{convert|1
|wingspan=
|speed={{convert|
|vehicle_range={{convert|11000|km|abbr=on}}
|ceiling=
|altitude=
|filling= 1
|guidance=[[Inertial guidance system|Inertial]] with [[GLONASS]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://missiledefenseadvocacy.org/missile-threat-and-proliferation/missile-proliferation/russia/ss-27-topol-m/|title=Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance » SS-27 / Topol-M|last=www.missiledefenseadvocacy.org|website=missiledefenseadvocacy.org}}</ref>
|accuracy=200 m [[Circular error probable|CEP]]<ref name="Mputtre.com"/>
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|launch_platform=Silo, road-mobile [[Transporter erector launcher|TEL]]
}}
The '''RT-2PM2 «Topol-M»''' ({{lang-ru|РТ-2ПМ2 «Тополь-М»}}, [[NATO reporting name]]: '''SS-27 "Sickle B"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deagel.com/Ballistic-Missiles/Topol-M_a001014001.aspx |title=SS-27 Sickle B |publisher=Deagel.com |date=2011-03-10 |access-date=2011-05-23}}</ref>''', other designations: '''SS-27 Mod 1''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fas.org/blogs/security/2014/05/russianmodernization/|title=Russian ICBM Force Modernization: Arms Control Please!}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/207196/crowdsourcing-russian-icbms/|title=Crowdsourcing Russian ICBMs|website=www.armscontrolwonk.com}}</ref> '''RS-12M1''', '''RS-12M2''', formerly incorrectly '''RT-2UTTKh''')<ref name="janes1">[https://archive.today/20120904131630/http://www.janes.com/extracts/extract/jsws/jsws0463.html RS-12M1/2 Topol-M (SS-27/RT-2PM2) (Russian Federation), Offensive weapons]</ref> is one of the most recent [[intercontinental ballistic missile]]s to be deployed by Russia
In its Russian designation '''РТ''' stands for "ракета твердотопливная", raketa tverdotoplivnaya ("solid fuel rocket"), while '''УТТХ''' – for "улучшенные тактико-технические характеристики", uluchshenniye taktiko-tekhnicheskie kharakteristiki ("improved tactical and technical characteristics"). "Topol" (тополь) in Russian means "[[populus alba|white poplar]]". It is designed and produced exclusively by the [[Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology]], and built at the [[Votkinsk Machine Building Plant]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/icbm/rt-2pmu.htm |title=RT-2PMU? – Topol-M SS-27 – Russian / Soviet Nuclear Forces |publisher=Fas.org |access-date=2011-05-23}}</ref><ref>[http://www.aeronautics.ru/archive/wmd/ballistic/ballistic/ss27-01.htm Land-Based Ballistic Missiles]{{dead link|date=May 2011}}</ref>
==Characteristics==
The Topol-M is a [[Cold launch|cold-launched]], three-stage, solid-propellant, silo-based or road-mobile [[intercontinental ballistic missile]].<ref name="missilethreat.csis.org">{{cite web|url=http://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/ss-25-topol/|title=SS-25 (RS-12M Topol) - Missile Threat}}</ref> The missile's length is 22.7 meters and the first stage has a body diameter of 1.9 meters. The mass at launch is 47,200 kg, including the 1,200 kg [[Payload (air and space craft)|payload]]. Topol-M carries a single [[warhead]] with an 800 [[TNT equivalent|kiloton]] yield<ref name="sipri.org"/> but the design is compatible with [[MIRV]] warheads. According to chief designer Yury Solomonov, the missile can carry four to six warheads along with decoys.<ref name="missilethreat1">{{cite web |url=http://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/ss-25-topol |title=Missile Threat | SS-25 (RS-12M Topol) |access-date=2016-11-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104081523/http://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/ss-25-topol/ |archive-date=2016-11-04
The Topol-M may be deployed either inside a reinforced [[missile silo]] or from an APU launcher mounted on the [[MZKT-79221
[[File:Dmitry Medvedev 15 May 2008-14.jpg|thumb|right|[[Dmitry Medvedev]] during his visit to a regiment of the Strategic Rocket Forces equipped with Topol-M]]
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The development of the missile began in the late 1980s as a response to the American [[Strategic Defense Initiative]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bleek|first=Philipp C.|url=https://www.questia.com/read/1P3-56100141|title=Russia Approves Topol-M, Warns Missile Could Defeat U.S. Defense|date=1 June 2000|journal=Arms Control Today|volume=30|issue=5|page=26|access-date=|url-access= |via=}}{{dead link|date=July 2021}}</ref> Initially an evolutionary upgrade of the [[RT-2PM Topol]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/extracts/extract/jsws/jsws0463.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120904131630/http://www.janes.com/extracts/extract/jsws/jsws0463.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 4, 2012 |access-date=October 22, 2008 |title=Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's | IHS }}</ref> the missile was redesigned in 1992.{{Citation needed|date=May 2015}} The missile's principal designer was Yuri Solomonov, who would later oversee the development of the [[RSM-56 Bulava]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Champlin|first=Luke|url=https://www.questia.com/read/1P3-1893129611/russia-defends-struggling-missile-program|title=Russia Defends Struggling Missile Program|date=October 2009|journal=Arms Control Today|volume=39|issue=8|page=45|access-date=|url-access=|via=|archive-date=2015-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524023257/https://www.questia.com/read/1P3-1893129611/russia-defends-struggling-missile-program|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The first flight test took place on December 20, 1994, during which the missile, launched from [[Plesetsk]], hit its target {{Convert|4,000|mi|km|order=flip}} away.<ref name="Bulletin">{{Cite journal|last1=Norris|first1=Robert S.|last2=Arkin|first2=William M.|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-63794409.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924161731/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-63794409.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2015|title=Russian Nuclear Forces, 2000|date=1 July 2000|journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists|access-date=15 May 2015|url-access=
Silo launcher Topol-M entered service by presidential decree on 13 July 2000, the third, fourth and fifth regiments entered service in 2000, 2003 and 2005. The last regiment was to arrive in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/pub/topol_tomorrow/topol_tomorrow.shtml|title="Тополь-М": история создания и перспективы - Ракетная техника|website=rbase.new-factoria.ru}}</ref>
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On December 12, 2006, the first three mobile Topol-M missile systems entered duty with a missile unit stationed near the town of [[Teykovo]].<ref>Strategic Missile Forces spokesman Col. Alexander Vovk, quoted by ''ITAR TASS''.</ref>
* [[27th Guards Rocket Army]] (HQ: Vladimir)
** 60th Missile Division at Tatishchevo with 60 silo-based Topol-M
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One of the Topol-M's most notable features is its short engine burn time following take-off, intended to minimize satellite detection of launches and thereby complicate both early warning and interception by missile defense systems during boost phase. The missile also has a relatively flat ballistic trajectory, complicating defense acquisition and interception.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2000_06/topoljun |title=Russia Approves Topol-M; Warns Missile Could Defeat U.S. Defense |publisher=Armscontrol.org |date=June 2000 |access-date=2011-05-23}}</ref>
According to ''[[The Washington Times]]'', Russia has conducted a successful test of the evasive payload delivery system.<ref>{{cite web|last=Washington |first=The |url=http://www.washtimes.com/national/20051120-115514-2217r.htm |title=Russian warhead alters course midflight in test |work=Washington Times |date=2005-11-20 |access-date=2011-05-23}}</ref> The missile was launched on
1 November 2005 from the [[Kapustin Yar]] facility. The warhead changed course after separating from the launcher, making it difficult to predict a re-entry trajectory.
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[[File:Загрузка МБР Тополь-М в пусковую шахту (1).png|thumb|Loading ICBM Topol-M into the launch silo]]
[[File:Загрузка МБР Тополь-М в пусковую шахту (2).png|thumb|The final stage of loading the rocket into the launch silo]]
;{{RUS}}:
The [[Strategic Missile Troops]] are the only operator of the RT-2PM2 Topol-M. As of March 2020,<ref>{{cite journal|title=Russian nuclear forces, 2020 |journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |volume=76 |issue=2 |pages=73–84 |last1=Kristensen |first1=Hans M. |last2=Korda |first2=Matt |date=9 March 2020 |doi=10.1080/00963402.2020.1728985 |bibcode=2020BuAtS..76b.102K |doi-access=free }}</ref> 60 silo-based and 18 mobile RT-2PM2 Topol-M missiles are deployed with 2 rocket divisions:
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* [[DF-31]]
* [[DF-41]]
* [[Hwasong-18]]
==References==
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* [http://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/ss-25-topol/ CSIS Missile Threat - SS-27 (Topol-M)]
* [https://fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/icbm/rt-2pmu.htm Federation of American Scientists]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hesaGoYfyV8 Representation video of a mobile Topol-M on Youtube]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v3eW76d9y18 RS12-M2 "Topol-M/Тополь-М" Launch from Silo]
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