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{{Short description|Act of Parliament in New Zealand}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox legislation
| short_title = End of Life Choice Act 2019
| legislature = [[New Zealand Parliament]]
| image = Coat of arms of New Zealand.svg
| imagesize = 180px
| image_upright =
| imagealt =
| caption =
| citation = {{URL|http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2019/0067/latest/whole.html|2019 No 67}}▼
▲| citation = {{URL|http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2019/0067/latest/whole.html|2019 No 67}}
| territorial_extent = [[New Zealand]]
| enacted_by = [[New Zealand House of Representatives|House of Representatives]]
|
| date_commenced = 7 November 2021▼
▲| royal_assent = 16 November 2019
▲| date_commenced =
| administered_by =
| bill_history_url = https://bills.parliament.nz/v/6/7d570753-b395-485a-a8af-5870bc48a646?Tab=history
| bill = End of Life Choice Bill
| bill_citation = 269-3
| bill_date = 8 June 2017
| introduced_by = [[David Seymour (New Zealand politician)|David Seymour]]▼
| committee_responsible = Justice Committee
▲| introduced_by = [[David Seymour (New Zealand politician)|David Seymour]]
|
| 1st_reading_for = 76
| amends = <!-- Citations of other notable legislation that this legislation amends; wikilink or external link where possible. -->▼
| 1st_reading_against = 44
| repeals = <!-- Citations of other notable legislation that this legislation repeals; wikilink or external link where possible. -->▼
| 2nd_reading = 26 June 2019
| amended_by = <!-- Citations of other notable legislation that amends this legislation; wikilink or external link where possible. -->▼
| 2nd_reading_for = 70
| repealed_by = <!-- Citation of the legislation that repealed this legislation; wikilink or external link if possible. -->▼
| 2nd_reading_against = 50
| 3rd_reading = 13 November 2019
| 3rd_reading_for = 69
| 3rd_reading_against = 51
▲| amends = <!-- Citations of other notable legislation that this legislation amends; wikilink or external link where possible. -->
▲| repeals = <!-- Citations of other notable legislation that this legislation repeals; wikilink or external link where possible. -->
▲| amended_by = <!-- Citations of other notable legislation that amends this legislation; wikilink or external link where possible. -->
▲| repealed_by = <!-- Citation of the legislation that repealed this legislation; wikilink or external link if possible. -->
| related_legislation = <!-- Names and citations of any other related legislation; wikilink name and external link citation where possible. -->
| summary =
| keywords =
| status
}}
The '''End of Life Choice Act 2019''' is an Act of Parliament in New Zealand that
<!-- Create para outlining practical function and contents of the act. -->Political progress towards the act began in 2015, when [[ACT
==Contents of the bill==
===Eligibility for assisted dying===
Anyone may request assisted dying,<ref>{{Cite web|title=End of Life Choice Act 2019 No 67, Public Act 11 Request made – New Zealand Legislation|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2019/0067/latest/DLM7285956.html|access-date=2020-10-11|website=www.legislation.govt.nz}}</ref>
* They must be a citizen or permanent resident of New Zealand.
* They must be aged 18 years or over.
Line 58 ⟶ 63:
A person who wishes to have an assisted death must inform an attending medical practitioner. The medical practitioner must complete a prescribed form after talking to the patient about the prognosis of their illness; the irreversible nature of assisted dying and its impacts; and alternative options for end-of-life care. The doctor needs to encourage the person to discuss their wish with others, but the doctor also needs to tell the person that they don't have to discuss it with anyone.<ref>{{Cite web|title=End of Life Choice Act 2019 No 67, Public Act 11 Request made – New Zealand Legislation|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2019/0067/latest/DLM7285956.html|access-date=2020-10-11|website=www.legislation.govt.nz}}</ref>
The attending medical practitioner needs to "do their best to ensure that the person expresses their wish free from pressure from any other person". The doctor must do this by talking with other health practitioners who are in regular contact with the person and with family members approved by the person.<ref>{{Cite web|title=End of Life Choice Act 2019 No 67, Public Act 11 Request made – New Zealand Legislation|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2019/0067/latest/DLM7285956.html|access-date=2020-10-11|website=www.legislation.govt.nz}}</ref> If this doctor (or a nurse practitioner) suspects that a person "is not expressing their wish free from pressure from any other person", the process must be stopped.<ref>{{Cite web|title=End of Life Choice Act 2019 No 67, Public Act 24 No further action to be taken if pressure suspected – New Zealand Legislation|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2019/0067/latest/LMS226600.html|access-date=2020-10-11|website=www.legislation.govt.nz}}</ref>
The person must confirm their request by signing and dating a prescribed form in the presence of this practitioner. The second part of the form may be signed by someone else if the person cannot write for any reason.<ref>{{Cite web|title=End of Life Choice Act 2019 No 67, Public Act 12 Request confirmed – New Zealand Legislation|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2019/0067/latest/DLM7285957.html|access-date=2020-10-11|website=www.legislation.govt.nz}}</ref>
Once the form has been completed the attending medical practitioner, and following that an independent medical practitioner, must confirm whether the person meets the eligibility criteria. If one or both medical practitioners are unsure about the person's mental competency, a psychiatrist must confirm whether the person is competent. specialist appointed by the SCENZ Group (Support and Consultation for End of Life in New Zealand Group). If eligible, the person can choose the date and method of administration<ref>{{Cite web|title=End of Life Choice Act 2019 No 67, Public Act 18 Eligible person to choose date and time for administration of medication – New Zealand Legislation|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2019/0067/latest/LMS195443.html|access-date=2020-10-11|website=www.legislation.govt.nz}}</ref> of the lethal dose of medication. Once the medication has been administered the attending medical practitioner must complete a prescribed form notifying the registrar at the Ministry of Health that an assisted death has occurred. The registrar must then forward the form to a review committee.
Line 66 ⟶ 71:
=== Comparison with other jurisdictions ===
* The End of Life Choice Act allows assisted suicide and euthanasia,<ref
* The person needs to initiate one request,<ref>{{Cite web|title=End of Life Choice Act 2019 No 67, Public Act 11 Request made – New Zealand Legislation|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2019/0067/latest/DLM7285956.html|access-date=2020-10-11|website=www.legislation.govt.nz}}</ref>
* No independent witnesses are required when the request is confirmed in writing.<ref>{{Cite web|title=End of Life Choice Act 2019 No 67, Public Act 12 Request confirmed – New Zealand Legislation|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2019/0067/latest/DLM7285957.html|access-date=2020-10-11|website=www.legislation.govt.nz}}</ref> In contrast, two witnesses are required in addition to the medical practitioner in Victoria (Australia),<ref>{{Citation|title=Voluntary Assisted Dying Act 2017 (No. 61 of 2017)|url=http://www8.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/legis/vic/num_act/vada201761o2017348/s34.html|access-date=2020-10-11}}</ref>
* No witness is required when the attending medical practitioner or nurse practitioner asks the person whether they still wish to receive the dose at that time.<ref>{{Cite web|title=End of Life Choice Act 2019 No 67, Public Act 20 Administration of medication – New Zealand Legislation|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2019/0067/latest/DLM7285964.html|access-date=2020-10-11|website=www.legislation.govt.nz}}</ref> In Victoria a witness is required at this point.<ref>{{Citation|title=Voluntary Assisted Dying Act 2017 (No. 61 of 2017)|url=http://www8.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/legis/vic/num_act/vada201761o2017348/s65.html|access-date=2020-10-11}}</ref>
* No witness is required when the attending medical practitioner or nurse practitioner provides or administers the lethal dose immediately afterwards.<ref>{{Cite web|title=End of Life Choice Act 2019 No 67, Public Act 20 Administration of medication – New Zealand Legislation|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2019/0067/latest/DLM7285964.html|access-date=2020-10-11|website=www.legislation.govt.nz}}</ref> In Victoria a witness is required at this point.<ref>{{Citation|title=Voluntary Assisted Dying Act 2017 (No. 61 of 2017)|url=http://www8.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/legis/vic/num_act/vada201761o2017348/s65.html|access-date=2020-10-11}}</ref>
* No cooling-off period is required before the lethal dose is prescribed.<ref>{{Cite web|title=End of Life Choice Act 2019 No 67, Public Act 11 Request made – New Zealand Legislation|url=https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2019/0067/latest/DLM7285956.html|access-date=2021-07-16|website=www.legislation.govt.nz}}</ref> Hawaii requires a waiting period of at least 20 days between the first and third request.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hawaii State Legislature|url=https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/Archives/measure_indiv_Archives.aspx?billtype=HB&billnumber=2739&year=2018|access-date=2021-07-16|website=www.capitol.hawaii.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=HB2739.DOC|url=https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session2018/bills/HB2739_.HTM|access-date=2021-07-16|website=www.capitol.hawaii.gov}}</ref> The other eight US laws require at least 15 days between the first and third request. Victoria and Western Australia require at least nine
* Only one person, the attending medical practitioner, needs to confirm that the person is making a voluntary request.<ref>{{Cite web|title=End of Life Choice Act 2019 No 67, Public Act 11 Request made – New Zealand Legislation|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2019/0067/latest/DLM7285956.html|access-date=2020-10-11|website=www.legislation.govt.nz}}</ref> In Oregon, both doctors need to verify "that the patient is capable, acting voluntarily and has made an informed decision".<ref
*
* Coercion by someone other than a medical practitioner is not an offence.<ref>{{Cite web|title=End of Life Choice Act 2019 No 67, Public Act 39 Offences – New Zealand Legislation|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2019/0067/latest/DLM7285977.html|access-date=2020-10-11|website=www.legislation.govt.nz}}</ref> Coercion is a punishable offence in Oregon and similar US laws.<ref
==Legislative history==
Line 83 ⟶ 88:
! style="width:20%;" colspan="2"| Party !! style="width:10%;"| Voted for !! style="width:10%;"| Voted against
|-
| {{Party name with colour|New Zealand National Party}} (56)
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" | {{collapsible list
| title = 21
Line 98 ⟶ 103:
| 11 = [[Matt King (politician)|Matt King]]
| 12 = [[Barbara Kuriger]]
| 13 = [[Mark Mitchell (New Zealand politician)|Mark Mitchell]]
| 14 = [[Jami-Lee Ross]]
| 15 = [[Scott Simpson (politician)|Scott Simpson]]
Line 146 ⟶ 151:
}}
|-
| {{Party name with colour|New Zealand Labour Party}} (46)
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 37
|1= [[Kiri Allan]]
|2= [[Ginny Andersen]]
|3= [[Jacinda Ardern]]
|4= [[
|5= [[Liz Craig]]
|6= [[Clare Curran]]
Line 198 ⟶ 203:
}}
|-
| {{Party name with colour|New Zealand First}} (9)
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 9
|1= [[Darroch Ball]]
Line 212 ⟶ 217:
| —
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand}} (8)
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 8
|1= [[Marama Davidson]]
|2= [[Julie Anne Genter]]
|3= [[Golriz Ghahraman]]
|4= [[Gareth Hughes (politician)|Gareth Hughes]]
|5= [[Jan Logie]]
|6= [[Eugenie Sage]]
Line 225 ⟶ 230:
| —
|-
| {{Party name with colour|ACT New Zealand}} (1)
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 1
|1= [[David Seymour (New Zealand politician)|David Seymour]]
Line 237 ⟶ 242:
===Justice Select Committee===
Written submissions to the Justice Select Committee on the End of Life Choice Bill were received until midnight on 6 March 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=Submissions close at midnight for controversial End of Life Choice Bill |first=Finn |last=Hogan |url= https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/shows/2018/03/submissions-close-at-midnight-for-controversial-end-of-life-choice-bill.html |work=Newshub |date=6 March 2018 |accessdate=2 September 2018}}</ref> The committee reported on the
=== Second Reading ===
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! style="width:20%;" colspan="2"| Party !! style="width:10%;"| Voted for !! style="width:10%;"| Voted against
|-
| {{Party name with colour|New Zealand National Party}} (55)
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" | {{collapsible list |title= 18
|1= [[Amy Adams (politician)|Amy Adams]]
Line 257 ⟶ 262:
|9= [[Matt King (politician)|Matt King]]
|10= [[Barbara Kuriger]]
|11= [[Mark Mitchell (New Zealand politician)|Mark Mitchell]]
|12= [[Scott Simpson (politician)|Scott Simpson]]
|13= [[Stuart Smith (politician)|Stuart Smith]]
Line 306 ⟶ 311:
}}
|-
| {{Party name with colour|New Zealand Labour Party}} (46)
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 33
|1= [[Ginny Andersen]]
|2= [[Jacinda Ardern]]
|3= [[
|4= [[Liz Craig]]
|5= [[Clare Curran]]
Line 358 ⟶ 363:
}}
|-
| {{Party name with colour|New Zealand First}} (9)
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 9
|1= [[Darroch Ball]]
Line 372 ⟶ 377:
| —
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand}} (8)
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 8
|1= [[Marama Davidson]]
Line 385 ⟶ 390:
| —
|-
| {{Party name with colour|ACT New Zealand}} (1)
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 1
|1= [[David Seymour (New Zealand politician)|David Seymour]]
Line 391 ⟶ 396:
| —
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Independent politician}} (1)
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 1
|1= [[Jami-Lee Ross]]
Line 410 ⟶ 415:
====Proposed referendum====
On 23 October 2019,
{| class="wikitable" style="width:40%;"
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! style="width:20%;" colspan="2"| Party !! style="width:10%;"| Voted for !! style="width:10%;"| Voted against
|-
| {{Party name with colour|New Zealand National Party}} (55)
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" | {{collapsible list |title= 16
|1= [[Amy Adams (politician)|Amy Adams]] (teller)
Line 429 ⟶ 434:
|9= [[Matt King (politician)|Matt King]]
|10= [[Barbara Kuriger]]
|11= [[Mark Mitchell (New Zealand politician)|Mark Mitchell]]
|12= [[Scott Simpson (politician)|Scott Simpson]]
|13= [[Erica Stanford]]
Line 478 ⟶ 483:
}}
|-
| {{Party name with colour|New Zealand Labour Party}} (46)
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 29
|1= [[Kiri Allan]]
Line 512 ⟶ 517:
| style="background-color:#FFAEB9;" | {{collapsible list |title= 17
|1= [[David Clark (New Zealand politician)|David Clark]]
|2= [[
|3= [[Willie Jackson (politician)|Willie Jackson]]
|4= [[Anahila Kanongata'a-Suisuiki]]
Line 530 ⟶ 535:
}}
|-
| {{Party name with colour|New Zealand First}} (9)
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 9
|1= [[Darroch Ball]]
Line 544 ⟶ 549:
| —
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand}} (8)
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 8
|1= [[Marama Davidson]]
Line 557 ⟶ 562:
| —
|-
| {{Party name with colour|ACT New Zealand}} (1)
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 1
|1= [[David Seymour (New Zealand politician)|David Seymour]]
Line 563 ⟶ 568:
| —
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Independent politician}} (1)
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 1
|1= [[Jami-Lee Ross]]
Line 575 ⟶ 580:
=== Third Reading ===
On 13 November 2019, the End of Life Choice
In return for New Zealand First's support of the bill through its third reading, the bill would be decided by the public in a binding referendum at the [[2020 New Zealand general election]].<ref name="NZH 13 Nov 2019" />
{| class="wikitable" style="width:40%;"
Line 582 ⟶ 589:
! style="width:20%;" colspan="2"| Party !! style="width:10%;"| Voted for !! style="width:10%;"| Voted against
|-
| {{Party name with colour|New Zealand National Party}} (55)
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" | {{collapsible list |title= 17
|1= [[Amy Adams (politician)|Amy Adams]]
Line 594 ⟶ 601:
|9= [[Matt King (politician)|Matt King]]
|10= [[Barbara Kuriger]]
|11= [[Mark Mitchell (New Zealand politician)|Mark Mitchell]]
|12= [[Scott Simpson (politician)|Scott Simpson]]
|13= [[Stuart Smith (politician)|Stuart Smith]]
|14= [[
|15= [[Tim van de Molen]]
|16= [[Nicola Willis (politician)|Nicola Willis]] |
}}
| style="background-color:#FFAEB9;" |{{collapsible list |title= 38
Line 643 ⟶ 650:
}}
|-
| {{Party name with colour|New Zealand Labour Party}} (46)
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 33
|1= [[Kiri Allan]]
|2= [[Ginny Andersen]]
|3= [[Jacinda Ardern]]
|4= [[
|5= [[Liz Craig]]
|6= [[Clare Curran]]
Line 695 ⟶ 702:
}}
|-
| {{Party name with colour|New Zealand First}} (9)
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 9
|1= [[Darroch Ball]]
Line 709 ⟶ 716:
| —
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand}} (8)
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 8
|1= [[Marama Davidson]]
Line 722 ⟶ 729:
| —
|-
| {{Party name with colour|ACT New Zealand}} (1)
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 1
|1= [[David Seymour (New Zealand politician)|David Seymour]]
Line 728 ⟶ 735:
| —
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Independent politician}} (1)
| style="background-color:#CCFFCC;" |{{collapsible list |title= 1
|1= [[Jami-Lee Ross]]
Line 738 ⟶ 745:
! 51
|}
===2020 Euthanasia referendum===
{{Main|2020 New Zealand euthanasia referendum}}
A binding referendum on euthanasia was held alongside the [[2020 New Zealand general election]] and the [[2020 New Zealand cannabis referendum]] on 17 October 2020. Preliminary results for the two referendums were released by the [[Electoral Commission (New Zealand)|Electoral Commission]] on 30 October.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-10-30|title=New Zealand euthanasia: Assisted dying to be legal for terminally ill people|language=en-GB|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-54728717|access-date=2020-10-31}}</ref> These preliminary results found 65.2% of people in support of the End of Life Choice Act with 33.8% opposed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/429495/referendum-preliminary-results-yes-to-euthanasia-reform-no-to-cannabis|title=Referendum preliminary results: Yes to euthanasia reform, no to cannabis|work=[[Radio New Zealand]]|date=30 October 2020|accessdate=30 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105221825/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/429495/referendum-preliminary-results-yes-to-euthanasia-reform-no-to-cannabis|archive-date=5 November 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
Following the counting of the 480,000 [[special vote]]s, official results for the general election and referendums were released on 6 November. Based on the final results, 65.1% of people supported the legislation while 33.7% opposed it.<ref name="Official referendum results" />
==See also==
*[[Euthanasia in New Zealand]]
*[[Legality of euthanasia]]
==Notes==
{{Notelist}}
==References==
Line 747 ⟶ 763:
==External links==
* [http://www.legislation.govt.nz/bill/member/2017/0269/latest/DLM7285905.html End of Life Choice Bill]
* [https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/bills-and-laws/bills-proposed-laws/document/BILL_74307/end-of-life-choice-bill End of Life Choice Bill]
[[Category:Statutes of New Zealand]]
[[Category:2017 in New Zealand law]]
[[Category:2018 in New Zealand law]]
Line 755 ⟶ 772:
[[Category:Proposed laws of New Zealand]]
[[Category:Euthanasia in New Zealand]]
[[Category:Euthanasia legislation]]
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