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The government of [[Lithuania]] has made provision for [[ethnic minorities]] since 1918. A substantial [[Jews|Jewish]] group that existed up to [[World War II]] was almost eliminated in the [[Holocaust]]. The Census of 2011 showed that 15.8% of inhabitants belonged to ethnic minorities: the two largest groups were the [[Poles in Lithuania|Poles]] and the [[Russians in Lithuania|Russians]], although the proportions had decreased since independence in 1989. Other minorities include the [[Samogitians]] - not classified in the Census - and the historically important [[Latvian language|Latvian]]-speaking [[Kursenieki]].
==Independent Lithuania (1918–1940)==
From 1918 to 1924 two ministries were specifically dedicated to ethnic minorities, the [[Lithuanian Ministry for Belarusian Affairs|Ministry for Belarusian Affairs]] and the [[Lithuanian Ministry for Jewish Affairs|Ministry for Jewish Affairs]].
On May 12, 1922 a Declaration concerning the protection of minorities in Lithuania was signed at [[Geneva]] under the auspices of the [[League of Nations]]. Its article 1 stipulated that "The stipulations of this Declaration are recognized as fundamental laws of Lithuania and no law, regulation or official action shall conflict or interfere with these stipulations, nor shall any law, regulation or official action now or in the future prevail over them.".<ref name="decl1922">{{Cite web|url=http://
<blockquote>
art.4 §4 Notwithstanding the establishing by the Lithuanian Government of an official language, appropriated facilities will be given to Lithuanian citizens with another language than Lithuanian, for the use of their language, be it by oral way or by written way, before the courts.<ref name="decl1922"
</blockquote>
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==Soviet Lithuania (1944–1990)==
In 1989, a Law on National Minorities was voted and a Committee of Nationalities for the Government of the Republic of Lithuania was established.<ref name="law1989">{{Cite web|url=http://www.litlex.lt/litlex/Eng/Frames/Laws/Documents/215.HTM|title= Law on Ethnic Minorities |
==Independent modern Lithuania (1990–present)==
The [[Council of Europe]]'s [[Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities]] was signed on February 1, 1995, and ratified on March 23, 2000. It came into force on July 1, 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://
According to the census conducted in 2011, about 15.8% of
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Ethnic groups
! Total population
! Compared to all<br />population, %
|-
| Total
Line 41 ⟶ 43:
| 5.8
|-
|[[
| 36,227
| 1.2
Line 68 ⟶ 70:
| 2,025
| 0.06
|-▼
| [[Moldovans]]▼
| 540▼
| 0.01▼
|-▼
| [[Georgian people|Georgians]]▼
| 372▼
| 0.01▼
|-
| [[Armenians in Lithuania|Armenians]]
| 1,233
| 0.04
▲|-
▲| [[Moldovans]]
▲| 540
▲| 0.01
|-
| [[Azerbaijani people|Azerbaijani]]
| 648
| 0.02
▲|-
| [[Han Chinese|Chinese]]
| 500
| 0.015
|-
▲| [[Georgian people|Georgians]]
▲| 372
▲| 0.01
|-
| [[Estonian people|Estonians]]
| 314
| 0.01
|-
| [[Ethnic groups of Africa|African]]
| 264
| 0.01
|-
Line 92 ⟶ 102:
| 241
| 0.008
|-
|[[Bulgarians]]
| 170
| 0.006
|-
|[[Chuvashs]]
| 164
| 0.005
|-
|[[Greeks]]
| 159
| 0.005
|-
| [[Uzbeks]]
| 157
| 0.005
|-
| [[Kazakhs]]
| 144
| 0.005
|-
| [[Ossetians]]
| 119
| 0.004
|-
| [[Finns]]
| 109
| 0.004
|-
| [[French people|French]]
| 104
| 0.003
|-
| [[Koreans]]
| 67
| 0.002
|-
| Other
|
| 0.1
|-
| No response on <br />the ethnicity question
| 32,978
| 1.1
|}
The percentage of ethnic Lithuanians has increased from 79.6% in 1989 to 83.5% in 2001; the percentage of Poles has decreased from 7.0% to 6.7%, Russians from 9.4% to 6.3%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.coe.int/t/e/social_cohesion/population/demographic_year_book/2002_edition/RAPNAT2002%20%20Lithuania%20e.asp|title=2002 Edition – Country Reports - Lithuania|year=2002|work=Recent Demographic Developments in Europe|publisher=Council of Europe|
According to the 2001 census, in [[Šalčininkai
==Samogitians==
The respondents in the various censuses do not have the option to choose for the [[Samogitians|Samogitian ethnicity
==Kursenieki==
{{details|Kursenieki}}
[[Image:Curonians kursenieki in 1649.png|thumb|Curonian-populated area in 1649]]
While today the [[Kursenieki]], also known as Kuršininkai, are a nearly extinct [[Balts|Baltic]] ethnic group living along the [[Curonian Spit]], in [[1649]] Kuršininkai settlement spanned from [[Klaipėda|Memel (Klaipėda)]] to [[Gdańsk|Danzig (Gdańsk)]]. The Kuršininkai were eventually assimilated by the [[Germans]], except along the Curonian Spit where some still live. The Kuršininkai were considered [[Latvians]] until after [[World War I]] when [[Latvia]] gained independence from the [[Russian Empire]], a consideration based on linguistic arguments. This was the rationale for Latvian claims over the Curonian Spit, [[Klaipėda|Memel]], and other territories of [[East Prussia]] which would be later dropped.
==See also==
*[[
*
* '''''<small>{{portal-inline|Lithuania}}</small>'''''
▲*[[Russians in Lithuania]] - [[Baltic Russians]]
==
{{Reflist
==External links==
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