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Line 1: {{Short description\|River in Estonia and Latvia}} {{~~for~~For\|the river in Lithuania and Belarus\|Gauja River (Neman tributary)}} {{~~other~~Other uses}} {{More citations needed\|date=June 2019}} {{Infobox river \| name = Gauja \| image =~~Fluss-lv-Gauja.png~~ Ergeljuklintis424aug037qg.jpg \| image_caption = The Ērgļu cliffs, a [[Devonian]] sandstone formation, along the Gauja River \| map = Gauja (fleuve).png \| source1_location = Vidzeme ~~highland~~Highland \| mouth_location = [[Gulf of Riga]] at [[Carnikava]]▼ \| mouth = [[Gulf of Riga]] \| subdivision_type1 = Country▼ ▲\| mouth_location = ~~[[Gulf of Riga]] at~~ [[Carnikava]] \| subdivision_name1 = [[Latvia]], [[Estonia]]▼ \| mouth_coordinates = {{Coord\|57.1593\|24.2663\|format=dms\|region:LV_type:river\|display=inline,title}} ▲\| subdivision_type1 = ~~Country~~Countries ▲\| subdivision_name1 = {{hlist\|[[Latvia]], \|[[Estonia]]}} \| length = {{convert\|452\|km\|mi}} \| source1_elevation = {{convert\|234\|m\|ft}} \| discharge1_avg = ~~<!--~~{{convert\|~~13.7~~71\|m3/s\|abbr=on}}~~-->~~ \| basin_size = {{convert\|9800\|km2\|sqmi\|abbr=on}} }} The '''Gauja River''' ({{lang-et\|Koiva jõgi}}, {{lang-de\|Livländische Aa}}) is a river in the [[Vidzeme]], region of [[Latvia]].<ref name="river 1">{{cite web \|url=http://www.gnp.lv/en/gauja-river \|title=Gauja River \| Tūrisma informācija Gaujas nacionālajā parkā \|publisher=Gnp.lv \|access-date~~= \|accessdate~~=2016-03-27 \|~~deadurl~~url-status=~~yes~~dead \|~~archiveurl~~archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321230044/http://www.gnp.lv/en/gauja-river \|~~archivedate~~archive-date=2016-03-21 ~~\|df=~~ }}</ref> It is the only large river of Latvia that begins and ends its flow in Latvia. Its length is 460 km, of which ~~1/5 or~~ 93.5 km (approximately one-fifth) are in ~~the~~ [[Gauja National Park]]. In this part, the Gauja River flows through ~~a spacious ancient~~the [[Gauja ~~valley~~Valley]], which is between 1 toand 2.5 km wide, and the maximum depth near [[Sigulda]] is 85 m. Thus, the Gauja is the longest river of Latvia if only the parts of the river in the country's territory are counted. The Daugava has only 367 km in Latvia, whereas the entire length of the river is over 1,000 km.▼ ~~[[Image:Ergeljuklintis424aug037qg.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|right\|[[Devonian]] sandstone cliffs: the Ērgļu cliffs along the Gauja river]]~~ ▲The '''Gauja River''' ({{lang-et\|Koiva jõgi}}, {{lang-de\|Livländische Aa}}) is a river in [[Vidzeme]], [[Latvia]].<ref name="river 1">{{cite web \|url=http://www.gnp.lv/en/gauja-river \|title=Gauja River \| Tūrisma informācija Gaujas nacionālajā parkā \|publisher=Gnp.lv \|date= \|accessdate=2016-03-27 \|deadurl=yes \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321230044/http://www.gnp.lv/en/gauja-river \|archivedate=2016-03-21 \|df= }}</ref> It is the only large river of Latvia that begins and ends its flow in Latvia. Its length is 460 km, of which 1/5 or 93.5 km are in the [[Gauja National Park]]. In this part, the Gauja River flows through a spacious ancient [[Gauja valley]], which is 1 to 2.5 km wide, and the maximum depth near [[Sigulda]] is 85 m. The sandstone rocks on the banks of the Gauja and its adjoining rivers started forming 370 to 300 million years ago, during the [[Devonian period]]. ==History== Before the 13th century, the Gauja River used to serve as a trade route and border river between the [[Livonians\|Livonian]] and [[Latgallians\|Latgalian]] lands. In some territories, they used to live mixed together. When Livonian languages were still present along the Gauja River and the sea, it used to be called ''Koivo'' (the ~~Saint~~[[Birch]] River; [[Livonian language\|Livonian]] ''keùv'' or [[Estonian language\|Estonian]] ''kõiv''). In Latvian, the name of the Gauja River used to mean 'a great amount', 'a crowd', and was therefore called the 'big river'. The Livonians suffered greatly during the [[Great Northern War]] and ~~following~~suffered a plague in the 18th century. That was the period when the remaining Livonians assimilated with the [[Latvians]]. ==Today== [[File:Gauja panorama 16052015.jpg\|~~A panoramic~~thumb\|Panoramic view toof the ~~river~~Gauja ~~Gauja~~River, aton the border between Estonia and Latvia.]]▼ The Gauja River tends to change its bed rapidly~~. Therefore~~, itand has gained the reputation of being deceitful. The bed of the river is made of unconsolidated sand and gravel deposits that move along with the current. In some places, the bed is pebbly, ~~thus~~ forming ~~impressive~~ boulder rapids: Kazu, Raiskuma, Rakšu, and Ķūķu. The bottom of the river in [[Gauja National Park]] is 60 to 120 meters wide with a rapidly changing depth from 0.3 m to 7 m. The decline is 0.5 m/km. The speed of flow during low water is 0.2 to 0.4 m/s, and during the spring water period 2 to 3 m/s. Due to the fluctuations in water level, current speed, and special flow features, the Gauja River may be characterized as a rather non-homogeneous watercourse. Usually the Gauja River freezes over in ~~the~~ mid-December, and the ice starts moving in late March. During warm winters, the river does not freeze over. Much underground water flows into the Gauja River. It therefore has a lower water temperature than other large rivers in Latvia. ~~==Gallery==~~ ~~<gallery>~~ ▲Gauja panorama 16052015.jpg\|A panoramic view to the river Gauja, at the border between Estonia and Latvia. ~~</gallery>~~ ==See also== [[Gauja Estonians]] [[Gauja Formation]] *[[Gauja Valley]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== ~~{{coord\|57\|04\|57\|N\|25\|36\|17\|E\|region:EE_type:river_source:kolossus-frwiki\|display=title}}~~ {{Commons category}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Gauja basin\| ]] Line 47 ⟶ 52: [[Category:International rivers of Europe]] [[Category:Gulf of Riga]] [[Category:~~Baltic~~Drainage ~~sea~~basins SEof ~~basins~~the Baltic Sea]] [[Category:Estonia–Latvia border]] [[Category:Border rivers]]