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{{Short description|Arrangement of plant parts around the stem}}
[[File:Photograph and axial plane floral diagram of Friesodielsia desmoides.jpg|thumb|Photograph and axial plane floral diagram of ''[[Friesodielsia desmoides]]'', showing the [[whorl]]ed pattern of multiple [[concentric objects]].]]
[[File:MichiganLilyStem.jpg|thumb|Leaf whorls on a [[herbaceous]] ''[[Lilium michiganense]]'']]
[[File:Brabejum stellatifolium - new growth.JPG|thumb|Leaf whorls on a woody tree, ''[[Brabejum stellatifolium]]'']]
In botany, a '''whorl''' or '''verticil''' is ana [[whorled]] arrangement of [[sepalLeaf|leaves]]s, [[petalsepal]]s, [[leavespetal]]s, [[stipulestamen]]s, or [[branchGynoecium#Carpels|carpels]]es that radiate from a single point and surround or wrap around the stem or stalk.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/whorl|title=whorl|publisher=thedictionary|accessdateaccess-date=19 August 2012}}</ref><ref>Lindley, John. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=c0k-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PR100#v=onepage&f=false A Glossary of Technical Terms Used in Botany]'', p.100, Bradbury and Evans, London, 1848.</ref> A leaf whorl consists of at least three elements; a pair of [[opposite leaves]] is not called a whorl.
 
For [[Phyllotaxis|leaves to grow in whorls]] is fairly unusualrare except in plant species with very short [[Plant stem|internodes.]] Itand doessome howeverother genera (''[[Galium]]'', ''[[Nerium]]'', ''[[Elodea]]'' etc.). Leaf whorls occur in some trees such as ''[[Brabejum stellatifolium]]'' and other species in the family [[Proteaceae]] (e.g., suchin asthe somegenus ''[[Banksia]]'' species). In examplesplants such as those illustratedthese, crowded internodes within the leaf whorls alternate with long internodes between the whorls.▼
The [[Morphology (biology)|morphology]] of most [[Angiosperm]] flowers is based on four whorls: ▼
#the [[calyx (botany)|calyx]], a whorl of [[sepal]]s at the base, above which are
#the [[corolla (flower)|corolla]], a whorl of [[petal]]s,
#the [[androecium]], a whorl of [[stamen]]s (each comprising a filament and an anther), and▼
#the [[gynoecium]], a whorl of the female parts of a flower: the [[stigma (botany)|stigma]], [[style (botany)|style]] and [[ovary (plants)|ovary]].▼
 
▲The [[Morphology (biology)|morphology]] of most [[Angiospermflower]]s flowers(called [[cyclic flower]]s) is based on four types of whorls:
A flower lacking any of these floral structures is said to be ''incomplete'' or ''imperfect''.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Beentje, H. |author2=Williamson, J. |year=2010|title=The Kew Plant Glossary: an Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms|publisher=Kew Publishing|location=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew}}</ref> Not all flowers consist of whorls since the parts may instead be spirally arranged, as in [[Magnoliaceae]].▼
# The [[Sepal|calyx]]: zero or more whorls of sepals at the base
# The [[Petal|corolla]]: zero or more whorls of petals above the calyx
▲#the The [[Stamen|androecium]],: azero or more whorlwhorls of [[stamen]]sstamens, (each comprising a filament and an anther), and
▲#the The [[gynoecium]],: azero whorlor more whorls of thecarpels, femaleeach partsconsisting of a flower: thean [[stigmaOvary (botany)|stigmaovary]], a [[style Stigma_(botany)#Style|style]], and a [[ovaryStigma (plantsbotany)|ovarystigma]].
 
▲A flower lacking any of these floral structures is said to be ''incomplete'' or ''imperfect''.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Beentje, H. |author2=Williamson, J. |year=2010|title=The Kew Plant Glossary: an Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms|publisher=Kew Publishing|location=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew}}</ref> Not all flowers consist of whorls since the parts may instead be spirally arranged, as in the family [[Magnoliaceae]].
▲For [[Phyllotaxis|leaves to grow in whorls]] is fairly unusual except in plant species with very short internodes. It does however occur in some trees such as ''[[Brabejum stellatifolium]]'' and other Proteaceae, such as some ''[[Banksia]]'' species. In examples such as those illustrated, crowded internodes within the whorls alternate with long internodes between the whorls.
 
==See also==
* [[Cyclic flower]]
* [[Merosity]]
* [[Phyllotaxis]]
 
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{{botany}}
 
[[Category:BotanyPlant morphology]]
 
 
{{botanyplant-morphology-stub}}
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