1912–13 United States Senate elections: Difference between revisions

| {{Party shading/Democratic/active}} | D{{Sub|34}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Maine (special)|Maine (sp)]]}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Maine (Regularregular)|Maine (reg)]]}}<br/>{{Small|Ran}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic/active}} | D{{Sub|40}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Virginia (Regularregular)|{{Abbr|Va.|Virginia}} (reg)]]}}<br/>{{Small|Ran}}

| {{Party shading/Republican/active}} | R{{Sub|46}}<br/>{{Small|[[#New Mexico (Initialinitial)|{{Abbr|N.M.|New Mexico}} (1st)]]}}<br/>{{Small|New seat}}

| {{Party shading/Republican/active}} | R{{Sub|47}}<br/>{{Small|[[#New Mexico (Regularregular)|{{Abbr|N.M.|New Mexico}} (1st)]]}}<br/>{{Small|New seat}}<hr/>{{Small|[[#New Mexico (Regularregular)|{{Abbr|N.M.|New Mexico}} (reg)]]}}<br/>{{Small|Ran}}

| {{Party shading/Republican/active}} | R{{Sub|36}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Illinois (Regularregular)|{{Abbr|Ill.|Illinois}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Ran}}

| {{Party shading/Republican/active}} | R{{Sub|33}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Colorado (Regularregular)|{{Abbr|Colo.|Colorado}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Retired}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic/active}} | D{{Sub|31}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Colorado (Regularregular)|{{Abbr|Colo.|Colorado}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Gain}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic/active}} | D{{Sub|46}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Virginia (Regularregular)|{{Abbr|Va.|Virginia}} (reg)]]}}<br/>{{Small|Re-elected}}

| {{Party shading/Republican/active}} | R{{Sub|40}}<br/>{{Small|[[#New Mexico (Initialinitial)|{{Abbr|N.M.|New Mexico}} (1st)]]}}<br/>{{Small|Gain}}

| {{Party shading/Republican/active}} | R{{Sub|41}}<br/>{{Small|[[#New Mexico (Regularregular)|{{Abbr|N.M.|New Mexico}} (1st)]]}}<br/>{{Small|Gain}}<hr/>{{Small|[[#New Mexico (Regularregular)|{{Abbr|N.M.|New Mexico}} (reg)]]}}<br/>{{Small|Re-elected}}

| {{Party shading/Vacant/active}} | V{{Sub|3}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Illinois (Regularregular)|{{Abbr|Ill.|Illinois}} (reg)]]}}<br/>{{Small|R Loss}}

|}{{Small|[[#Maine (Regularregular)|Maine (reg)]]}}<br/>{{Small|Gain}}

| {{Party shading/Vacant}} | V{{Sub|4}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Illinois (Regularregular)|{{Abbr|Ill.|Illinois}} (reg)]]}}

| {{Party shading/Republican/active}} | R{{Sub|43}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Illinois (Regularregular)|{{Abbr|Ill.|Illinois}} (reg)]]}}<br/>{{Small|Gain}}

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | New senator [[1912 United States Senate elections in Arizona|elected]] '''March 26, 1912''', ratifying the popular selection made on December 12, 1911, state elections.<br/>'''Democratic gain.'''

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | New senator [[1912 United States Senate elections in Arizona|elected]] '''March 26, 1912''', ratifying the popular selection made on December 12, 1911, state elections.<br/>'''Democratic gain.'''

* {{dmdata missing|date=February 2020}}

| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Incumbent lost re-electionrenomination.{{efn | name=direct}}<br/>New senator [[1913 United States Senate election in Kansas|elected]] January 28, 1913, ratifying the popular selection made in 1912 state elections.{{efn | name=direct}}<br/>''' Democratic gain.'''

| nowrap | January 28, 1913, election:<br/>{{Plainlist|

| [[Jonathan Bourne Jr. (politician)|Jonathan Bourne Jr.]]

* {{Party stripe|Other}}[[Jonathan Bourne Jr. (politician)|Jonathan Bourne Jr.]] (Popular Government) 19.41%

One-term incumbent Senator [[Jeff Davis (Arkansas governor)|Jeff Davis]] died January 3, 1913. Democratic [[Governor of Arkansas]] [[Joseph Taylor Robinson|Joseph T. Robinson]] appointed [[John N. Heiskell]] January 6, 1913, to continue the term just until a special election.

Neither Heiskell nor Kavanaugh were candidates in the general election. On January 29, 1913, the [[Arkansas Legislature]] elected the Democratic Governor [[Joseph Taylor Robinson|Joseph T. Robinson]] to the next term. This would be the last senate election by a state legislature before the April 8, 1913, adoption of the [[Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|17th amendment]]. Robinson would later become leader of Senate Democrats and [[Majority leader of the United States Senate|Senate majority leader]].

[[Henry F. Ashurst]] was elected to the [[Arizona House of Representatives|Territorial House of Representatives]] in 1897. He was re-elected in 1899, and became the territory's youngest [[Speaker (politics)|speaker]]. In 1902, he was elected to the [[Arizona Senate|Territorial Senate]]. In 1911, Ashurst presided over Arizona's [[Constitutional convention (political meeting)|constitutional convention]].<ref name="Times obit">{{Cite news |date=June 1, 1962 |title=Henry Fountain Ashurst Dead; Former Senator from Arizona |pages=27 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> During the convention, he positioned himself for a U.S. Senate seat by avoiding the political fighting over various clauses in the constitution which damaged his rivals.<ref name="Dean of Inconsistency">{{Cite journal |last=Johnston |first=Alva |date=December 25, 1937 |title=The Dean of Inconsistency |journal=[[The Saturday Evening Post]] |volume=210 |pages=23, 38–40}}</ref>

The [[Colorado General Assembly]] ratified that decision January 14, 1913, by electing Thomas.

Democrat [[Charles J. Hughes Jr.]] (D) had died January 11, 1911, and the seat remained vacant for two years because the [[Colorado General Assembly]] failed to elect a successor.{{sfn | United States Senators Chosen, 1913 | page=458}}

In the 1912 state elections, Democrat [[Charles S. Thomas]] (former [[Governor of Colorado]]) won the popular vote,{{citation needed|date=March 2020}} and the [[Colorado General Assembly]] ratified that decision January 14, 1913, by overwhelmingly voting for Thomas.

Democrat [[Willard Saulsbury Jr.]] had been a member of the [[Democratic National Committee]] since 1908 and had run for U.S. senator in [[1899 United States Senate election in Delaware|1899]], [[1901 United States Senate election in Delaware|1901]], [[1903 United States Senate special elections in Delaware|1903]], [[1905 United States Senate election in Delaware|1905]], [[1907 United States Senate election in Delaware|1907]], and [[1911 United States Senate election in Delaware|1911]], but Republicans controlled the state legislature and he was unsuccessful. In 1913, however, Democrats were in control of the legislature, Saulsbury was the preference of most Democrats, and he obtained the required majority January 29, 1913, after several days of balloting. This election was the first time since [[1883 United States Senate election in Delaware|1883]] that a Democrat won a full term for this Senate seat in Delaware.

| flag_year = 19131906

On June 15, 1913, Bacon was elected by the general populace without opposition, becoming the first senator elected under the [[Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]].

| flag_year = 1907

| flag_year = 1907

Two-term incumbent Republican [[Weldon Heyburn]] died October 17, 1912. Democratic lawyer and former-Judge [[Kirtland I. Perky]] was appointed November 18, 1912, to continue the term pending a special election.

| map_captionmap_size = 270px

Thompson would only serve one term, losing [[1918 United States Senate election in Kansas|re-election in 1918]]. As of 20222023, this is the last time the Democrats won the Class 2 Senate seat in Kansas. This represents the longest current winning streak of either party for a single Senate seat.

Curtis' political career, meanwhile, would rebound, inas thehe was elected to [[1914 United States Senate election in Kansas|to theKansas' other US Senate seat]], hefirst by defeateddefeating Kansas' senior senator [[Joseph L. Bristow]] in the Republican primary, he wouldand then winwinning re-election nonconsecutively to the U.S Senate by a very narrow margin over two opponents, becoming the first Kansan to be popularly elected to the U.S Senate in a historic first. Curtis would serve in the Senate for three terms before resigning to become U.S. Vice President in March 1929, the first [[Native Americans in the United States|AmericanNative IndianAmerican]] to serve in that office.

| vote_type1blank = Members'{{Nowrap|Senate ballot}}

| popular_vote11data1 = '''10531 (83.8%)'''

| popular_vote21data2 = 286 (16.2%)

| map_image2data2 = 23 (23.7%)

| map_captionmap_size = 300px

Louisiana held two elections May 21, 1912: an election for the class 2 term that would begin March 4, 1913, and an election for the class 3 term that would begin March 4, 1915.

Five-term incumbent Republican [[William P. Frye]] had died August 8, 1911, and Democrat [[Obadiah Gardner]] was appointed September 23, 1911, to continue the term, pending a special election. In this election cycle, Gardner would first win the election to finish the term and then lose re-election to the next term.

Democratic interim appointee [[Obadiah Gardner]] was elected April 2, 1912, to finish the term ending March 3, 1913.{{sfn | Byrd | page=118}}{{sfn | United States Senators Chosen, 1912 | page=457}}

Democrat [[Obadiah Gardner]] lost re-election January 15, 1913, to Republican [[Edwin C. Burleigh]] for the term starting March 4, 1913.

| image_size = 125x136px160x180px

| popular_vote1 = '''91112,485'''

| percentage1 = '''50.6%{{percentage|112485|198205|2}}'''

| popular_vote2 = 8273,300

| percentage2 = 45.6%{{percentage|73300|198205|2}}

Democrat [[Isidor Rayner]] died November 25, 1912, and Republican [[William Purnell Jackson|William P. Jackson]] was appointed to continue the term, pending a special election.

Lee presented his credentials to serve as senator on December 5, 1913, but he did not qualify until January 28, 1914, because Jackson claimed that "since [Jackson] had been appointed under the original constitutional provision, [Jackson] was entitled to hold his seat until the regularly scheduled adjournment date of the Maryland state assembly."<ref name="auto" /> The Senate considered Jackson's challenge but eventually rejected it and seated Lee.

Republican [[Winthrop M. Crane]], who was first appointed in 1904, retired. Republican congressman from [[Newton, Massachusetts]], [[John W. Weeks]], was elected January 14, 1913, to succeed him. Republican [[Eben Sumner Draper]] had been considered a candidate for the seat, but the Republican party, then under the control of its hardline conservative faction (and in control of the legislature), chose Weeks instead.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Abrams |first=Richard |url=https://archive.org/details/conservatisminpr0000abra |title=Conservatism in a Progressive Era: Massachusetts Politics 1900-1912 |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1964 |location=Cambridge, MA |page=285 |oclc=475077 |url-access=registration}}</ref>

One-term Democrat [[LeRoy Percy]] lost renomination in mid-1911 to [[white supremacist]] [[James K. Vardaman]], who was then elected January 16, 1912, to the seat, unopposed.{{sfn | United States Senators Chosen, 1912 | page=457}}

Republican senator [[George S. Nixon]] died June 5, 1912. Republican former-judge [[William A. Massey (politician)|William A. Massey]] was appointed July 1, 1912, to continue the term that would end in 1917, pending a special election. In November 1912, Massey lost the popular vote for the special election to Democratic attorney [[Key Pittman]] was elected by the [[Nevada Legislature]] January 28, 1913.

| votes = 72,853740

Two-term Republican [[Henry E. Burnham]] decided to retire. The New Hampshire legislature failed to elect a new senator after 42 votes, so the March 4, 1913, term begin with the seat vacant.

Finally, on March 26, 1913, on the 43rd vote, Democrat [[Henry F. Hollis]] was elected with the required majority, albeit slight. Hollis was a former candidate for U.S. House of Representatives ([[1900 United States House of Representatives elections in New Hampshire|in 1900]]), and twice for Governor of New Hampshire (in [[1902 New Hampshire gubernatorial election|1902]] and [[1904 New Hampshire gubernatorial election|1904]]).

=== New Mexico (Initialinitial) ===

[[File:ThomasCATRON, BentonT.B. CatronSENATOR LCCN2016858197 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Senator [[Thomas B. Catron]]|125px]]

New Mexico became a new state January 6, 1912, with senators in classes 1 (ending 1917) and 2 (ending 1913). On March 27, 1912, the state elected its initial senators on the eighth ballot:<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 28, 1912 |title=NEW MEXICO SENATORS. |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://nyti.ms/2UjIjia |access-date=March 26, 2020}}</ref> Republican [[Thomas B. Catron]], an early advocate for New Mexico statehood who had marshaled the territorial Republican Party to lobby Republicans at the national level for New Mexico's admission to the Union,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Prince |first=Le Baron Bradford |url=https://archive.org/details/newmexicosstrug01pringoog |title=New Mexico's Struggle for Statehood |publisher=New Mexican Printing Company |year=1910 |page=[https://archive.org/details/newmexicosstrug01pringoog/page/n101 91]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Larson |first=Robert W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6OlME56WpfAC&q=%22thomas+b+catron%22+statehood&pg=PA98 |title=New Mexico's Quest for Statehood, 1846-1912 |date=August 15, 2013 |isbn=9780826329479 |page=98|publisher=UNM Press }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=McCord |first=Richard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7cM-bMFblxAC&q=%22thomas+b+catron%22+statehood&pg=PA52 |title=Santa Fe Living Treasures: Our Elders, Our Hearts |year=2009 |isbn=9780865347205 |page=52|publisher=Sunstone Press }}</ref> and Republican [[Albert B. Fall]], a powerful attorney, former territorial attorney general, future [[United States Secretary of the Interior|Secretary of the Interior]], and instigator of the [[Teapot Dome scandal]])

One term Democrat [[Robert Latham Owen|Robert L. Owen]] was re-elected over token opposition from [[Governor of Oklahoma]] [[Charles N. Haskell]] in the Democratic primary and perennial Republican candidate [[Joseph T. Dickerson]].

| candidate = [[Joseph T. Dickerson]]

One-term Republican [[Jonathan Bourne Jr. (politician)|Jonathan Bourne Jr.]] had championed direct-election of senators but lost renomination as a Republican. He then ran in the popular election as a "Popular Government" candidate, but also lost re-election. Democratic [[Mayor of Portland, Oregon|Mayor of Portland]] [[Harry Lane]] was elected.

The ballot was cluttered. In addition to the Lane and [[Ben Selling]], candidate of the conservative wing of the Republican Party, progressive Republicans had other electoral alternatives, including the candidate and the incumbent senator [[Jonathan Bourne Jr. (politician)|Jonathan Bourne Jr.]], who had failed to win the renomination of the Republican party and ran as the "Popular Government" nominee as a result. Meanwhile, [[Benjamin F. Ramp]] stood for the [[Socialist Party of Oregon|Socialists]] and yet another candidate was the nominee of the [[Prohibition Party]].<ref name="Leip">{{Cite web |editor-last=Leip |editor-first=Dave |title=1912 Senatorial General Election Results - Oregon, Atlas of US Presidential Elections |url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?fips=41&year=1912&f=0&off=3&elect=0 |via=www.uselectionatlas.org}}</ref> Each of these six candidates took more than 5% of the vote — a fact which enabled the Lane to win election with a [[plurality (voting)|plurality]] of the vote in solidly Republican Oregon.<ref name=Leip /> Intent on proving himself a man of the people, Harry Lane set what might be a record for campaign frugality in his victorious effort, with his entire race run for $75 plus travel expenses.<ref name="Johnston30">{{Cite book |last=Johnston |first=Robert D. |title=The Radical Middle Class: Populist Democracy and the Question of Capitalism in Progressive Era Portland, Oregon. |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |year=2003 |location=Princeton, NJ |page=30}}</ref>

| candidate = [[Jonathan Bourne Jr. (politician)|Jonathan Bourne Jr.]] (Incumbent)

| title= Election by the [[Rhode Island House of Representatives]] election, January 21, 1913<ref name="RhodeIslandManual">{{Cite book |url=https://wwwbooks.google.com/books/edition/_/?id=Ky8tAQAAMAAJ |title=Manual - the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations |year=1914 |page=165 |language=en}}</ref>

The following day, the Joint Assembly formally declared Colt elected. Colt resigned February 7, 1913, from the [[United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit|U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit]], in which he'd served since 1891.

Colt would be [[1918 United States Senate election in Rhode Island|re-elected in 1918]], and die near the end of that second term on August 18, 18241924.

Tillman was then re-elected January 28, 1913, by the General Assembly for another six-year term.

Republican [[Thomas Sterling]] was then elected January 22, 1913, with 97 votes{{sfn | United States Senators Chosen, 1913 | pages=459–460}}

One-term Democrat [[Robert Love Taylor]] died March 31, 1912, and Republican [[Newell Sanders]] was appointed in his place, pending a special election. Sanders was not a candidate either election

=== Tennessee (Regularregular) ===

Chief Justice Of The Tennessee Supreme Court [[John K. Shields]] was elected January 23, 1913, to the next term beginning March 4, 1913. He had not been a candidate in the special election.

Democrat [[William R. Webb]], the founder of the [[The Webb School (Bell Buckle, Tennessee)|Webb School]] and former Confederate soldier, was elected January 23, 1913, to finish the term ending March 3, 1913. Webb was not a candidate in the general election.

Two-term Democrat [[Joseph Weldon Bailey]] resigned January 3, 1913, and Democrat [[Rienzi Melville Johnston|Rienzi M. Johnston]] was appointed January 4, 1913, to continue the term, pending a special election. In fact, Texas held would hold two elections January 28, 1913: a special election for the term ending March 3, 1913, and a general election for the next term starting March 4, 1913, both were won by Democratic congressman [[Morris Sheppard]].

There was a Democratic Primary July 27, 1912. Morris ShppardSheppard, [[C. B. Randell]], [[Mat Zollner]], and [[Jake Wolters]] were candidates. Sheppard received a plurality of the (approximately 8,000) votesvote.<ref>{{Cite book |year=1913 |title=Journal of the Senate of Texas begin the Regular Session of the Thirty-Third Legislature |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015068359564?urlappend=%3Bseq=170 |language=en |location=[[Austin, Texas]] |publisher=Von Boeckmann-Jones Co., Printers |pages=162–163|hdl=2027/mdp.39015068359564?urlappend=%3Bseq=170 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kingston |first=Mike |title=The Texas Almanac's Political History of Texas |last2=Attlesey |first2=Sam |last3=Crawford |first3=Mary G. |publisher=Eakin Press |year=1992 |isbn=0-89015-855-X |edition=1st |location=Austin, Texas |pages=118–121 |language=en}}</ref>

Virginia held non-binding primaries September 7, 1911, for both the class 2 seat held by Democrat [[Thomas S. Martin]], who was running for re-election, and the class 1 seat held by Democrat [[Claude Swanson]], who had been appointed to fill a vacancy.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 9, 1911 |title=Martin-Swanson Majority Swells |page=1 |work=Newport Daily Press |location=[[Newport News, Virginia]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/189496906 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

Democrat [[John W. Daniel]] died June 29, 1910, and Democrat [[Claude A. Swanson]], a former [[Governor of Virginia]] and former Congressman, was appointed August 1, 1910, to finish the term ending March 1911 and again appointed February 28, 1911, to begin the 1911–1917 term, pending a special election.

Democrat [[Clarence Wayland Watson|Clarence Watson]] had been [[1911 United States Senate special election in West Virginia|elected in 1911]] to finish a vacant term, but he lost re-election February 21, 1913, to Republican federal judge [[Nathan Goff Jr.]] after multiple deadlocked ballots.

Goff would remain a judge until April 1, 1913, before taking his Senate seat. He would only serve the one term, retiring in 1919 due to ill-health and having barely cast any roll call votes throughout his Senate career. Goff held onto his seat despite being almost entirely absent from his duties in the Senate.