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{{Update|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox glacier
| name = Crater Glacier
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}}
The '''Crater Glacier'''<ref>The official name for this feature is "Crater Glacier", as decided by an 8-4 vote of the [[U.S. Board on Geographic Names]], Domestic Names Committee, in June 2006. This supersedes the earlier decision by the Washington State Board on Geographic Names in March 2005 to name it "Tulutson Glacier", and is now the official name required for use in all US government documents and publications. See {{cite web | title = USGS Geographic Names Information System: Crater Glacier
| url= {{Gnis3|2090268}} | date = 2006-06-28 |
</ref> (also known as '''Tulutson Glacier''') is a geologically young [[glacier]]
== Description ==
True to its name, the glacier lies inside the north-facing [[Volcanic crater|crater]] left by the [[1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens]] and the glacier's elevation is about {{Convert|6794|ft|m|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Crater Glacier, Washington|url=http://www.topoquest.com/place-detail.php?id=2090268|publisher=[[TopoQuest]]|
;Pre-2004 eruption glacier caves of Crater Glacier
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;Other glaciers and new rock glaciers
Since 2004, new glaciers have formed on the crater wall above Crater Glacier feeding rock and ice to Crater Glacier below. In addition, there are two [[rock glacier]]s to the north of the eastern lobe of Crater Glacier and one north of the western lobe.<ref name="NASA">{{Cite web|title=Laser Technology Helps Track Changes in Mount St. Helens|url=http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/mshelenslidar.html|publisher=[[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]], [[United States Geological Survey]]|date=2004-10-25|
==Evolution==
In the months after the [[1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens|eruption]], the crater floor of St. Helens remained hot and unstable, with five minor [[volcanic eruption]]s, and [[lava dome]] construction between May and October 1980.<ref name="FMW88-212">Harris, ''Fire Mountains of the West'' (1988), page 212</ref><ref name="FMW88-213">Harris, ''Fire Mountains of the West'' (1988), page 213</ref> After the eruptions ceased in the winter of 1980, the crater floor cooled down enough for snow and ice accumulation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Crater Ice 2002|url=http://glaciercaves.com/html/2002ic_1.HTM|first=Charlie|last=Anderson Jr.|
With the [[2004 and later volcanic activity of Mount St. Helens|volcanic activity]] from 2004 to 2008, the glacier lobes were pushed aside and overthickened by the growth of new volcanic domes. As the two streams of ice were compressed between the
After the volcanic activity of the 2000s, the thickness of the glacier continues to increase at a slower rate of {{Convert|15|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} per year<ref name="KATU">{{Cite web|title=Against odds, glacier grows in cauldron of Mt. St. Helens|url=http://www.katu.com/news/local/18948279.html|publisher=Katu.com|
;Glacier Evolution in the
<gallery>
Image:St Helens dome on October 24, 1980.jpg|'''October 1980:''' The volcanically active and unstable crater floor months after the May 1980 Eruption, but before Crater Glacier was born via winter snowfall.
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Since the glacier was first observed to be forming and actively flowing in the late 1980s, most scientists working on the mountain have referred to it informally as the "crater glacier". That name has been in wide use with the public (at least those who were aware of the glacier's existence) for the two decades since the glacier formed, and has appeared in several scientific publications too. A single scientific paper, the most complete published study of the glacier to date, referred to it as the "Amphitheater glacier,"<ref name="Schilling04"/> but that name has not been used otherwise.
Despite numerous observations and publications about the growing glacier in the late 1990s and early 2000s, no move was made to give the glacier a permanent and official name until late 2004, after the current eruptive cycle began and the new dome began to split the glacier.<ref name="Wiggins02"/><ref name="Anderson98"/><ref name="Anderson99"/><ref name="LiveScience04">{{cite news | last = Dininny | first = Shannon | title = Naming Mount St. Helens New Dome Confusing | publisher = LiveScience.com | date = 2004-11-24 | url = http://www.livescience.com/forcesofnature/dome_name_041124.html |
url = http://www.kirotv.com/news/4263709/detail.html |
and so Tulutson Glacier became the de facto name.
However, the [[U.S. Board on Geographic Names]] had yet to make its decision, which would be official throughout the United States. The name Tulutson Glacier was submitted for consideration,<ref>{{cite web | title = U.S. Board on Geographic Names Docket 389
| url= http://geonames.usgs.gov/docs/dockets/docket389.pdf | date = 2005-06-01 |
| url= http://geonames.usgs.gov/docs/dockets/reviewlist390.pdf | date = 2005-10-03 |
[[Image:MSH06 east arm crater glacier 10-22-06.jpg|right|thumb|Icefall on east lobe of the Crater Glacier]]
After the decision, some controversy erupted following an editorial in a local newspaper protesting the decision, and the state of Washington "has indicated that the name Tulutson Glacier will continue to appear on State products, although if the feature melts soon, as is anticipated, this may not be a great concern."<ref name="BGN680">{{cite web | title = U.S. Board on Geographic Names Domestic Names Committee, 680th Meeting | url= http://geonames.usgs.gov/docs/minutes/DNCJul06Minutes.pdf | date = 2006-07-13 |
== See also ==
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== References ==
<!-- * {{cite journal | last = Anderson | first = Charles H., Jr. |author2=Behrens, Christopher J. |author3=Floyd, Gary A. |author4=Vining, Mark R. | title = Crater firn caves of Mount St. Helens, Washington | journal = Journal of Cave and Karst Studies | volume = 60 | issue = 1 | pages = 44–50 | publisher = | date = 1998 | url = }}
* {{cite journal | last = Anderson | first = Charles H.
* {{cite journal | last = Wiggins | first = Tracy B. |author2=Hansen, Jon D. |author3=Clark, Douglas H. | title = Growth and flow of a new glacier in Mt. St. Helens Crater
| journal = Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America | volume = 34 | issue = 5 |
* {{cite journal | last = McCandless | first = Melanie |author2=Plummer, Mitchell |author3=Clark, Douglas
| title = Predictions of the growth and steady-state form of the Mount St. Helens Crater Glacier using a 2-D glacier model | journal = Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America | volume = 37 | issue = 7 |
* {{cite web | last = Schilling | first = Steve P. |author2=David W. Ramsey |author3=James A. Messerich |author4=Ren A. Thompson
| title = USGS Scientific Investigations Map 2928: Rebuilding Mount St. Helens
| url= http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2006/2928/ | date = 2006-08-08 |
* {{cite web | title = Board of Skamania County Commissioners Meeting for Week of February 14, 2005
| url= http://www.skamaniacounty.org/Minutes_Files_2005/Minutes%2002-14-05.htm | date = 2005-02-14 |
-->
{{reflist|2}}
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* [http://www.topoquest.com/place-detail.php?id=2090268 Crater Glacier] on [[TopoQuest]]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqcjF5C03DI Video], by USGS
[[Category:Glaciers of Mount St. Helens]]
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