Content deleted Content added
Jeraxmoira (talk | contribs) mNo edit summary |
|||
| (29 intermediate revisions by 19 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{short description|Electronic fare card used in Denmark}}
{{Infobox electronic payment
| image = Rejsekort Coffee.jpg
| name = Rejsekort
| location = [[Denmark]]
| launched =
| service_1 = [[DSB (railway company)|DSB]]
| service_2 = [[Movia (transit agency)|Movia]]
| service_3 = [[Copenhagen Metro]] [[Öresundståg]]
| service_4 =
| service_5 =
Line 15 ⟶ 16:
| sales_location_3 = ATMs
| sales_location_4 = Stations
| currency = [[Danish kroner|DKK]]<br />(also prices and balance are shown in [[euro|EUR]] in rejsekort
| stored_value = Prepaid card
| credit_expiry = None
Line 31 ⟶ 32:
| homepage = [http://rejsekort.dk/ rejsekort.dk]
|}}
'''Rejsekort''' (Official translation: ''[[Travel card
The total cost of the system will be between [[euro|€]]200 and €270 million.
Line 38 ⟶ 39:
The system has replaced the old [[Zone pricing|zone]] ticket system. Instead, fares are calculated from the distance made from the beginning of the journey to the end, [[as the crow flies]], so as to give a better correlation between price and distance travelled. Like the old system, the Rejsekort is designed to work universally for [[S-train|train]]s, [[bus]]es, and [[Copenhagen Metro|metro]] trains.
Either a superpersonal, a personal
The card must be scanned ("checked in") at a card reader, either at a train platform or on board a bus, at the start and the end of
There are no ticket gates at stations, because it would lead to closing many smaller entrances, and thus it would take longer time to check in, and it would be costly to introduce at the many small stations. Instead, a [[proof-of-payment]] system is used.
There has been criticism against the cost overrun and delay, and to some user problems. For example, people who forget to check out need to pay extra, and that the onboard GPS can give delayed position at when checking in, resulting in too high a price being charged. Receipts are not given, and the trips can be checked online only after a few days, making it hard to verify that the correct amount was paid.
It is expected that [[Skånetrafiken]] in [[Skåne|Scania]] in [[Sweden]] will implement a system akin to the Danish. Therefore, the Rejsekort system will be prepared to work with the Scanian, so as to allow passengers to easily travel over the [[Oresund Bridge]]. The current cross border paper tickets are also accepted on local traffic, and should do so also in the future. However Skånetrafiken did in 2009 introduce a different electronic card system, which is incompatible with Rejsekort. The new Skånetrafiken system is electronic only for buses, while for trains a paper ticket must be printed.▼
▲It
The implementation of Rejsekortet is considered to be one of the biggest IT scandals in Denmark. This is due to the not very successful end product, the doubled price-tag and the extreme delay in the original project plan.
==Technology==
The original card technology is [[MIFARE|MIFARE Classic]].<ref name=1eye /> The card has a 4 kilobyte [[electrically erasable programmable read-only memory]] (EEPROM) which can be written to using [[RFID]]. The original cards also contains a chip by [[NXP Semiconductors]] which implements a proprietary cryptography scheme called [[CRYPTO1]], which was fully reverse-engineered in 2008.<ref name=1eye /> ''A Practical Attack on the MIFARE Classic'' was published in 2008 by a group at [[Radboud University Nijmegen]].<ref name=1eye />
Some newer cards issued from 2022 onwards use [[MIFARE|MIFARE DESFire EV2]],<ref name="1eye" /> which stores card contents encrypted. The contents of these cards cannot be read without the appropriate decryption keys, which are not public information.
On the original card technology, the ride history is stored unencrypted and can be read by anyone. There are mobile apps made by third parties which can achieve this.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rejsekortlæser - Apps on Google Play |url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.bangbits.rejsekortscanner&hl=en_US&gl=US |access-date=2022-05-01 |website=play.google.com |language=en}}</ref>
==Timetable for implementation==
{{Update|date=July 2011}}
The Rejsekort system was tested between [[Roskilde]] and [[Tølløse]] in December 2007.
* Testing between [[Taastrup]] and [[Holbæk]] at the end of 2008
Line 57 ⟶ 70:
* [[Region Nordjylland|North Jutland]] in the autumn of 2010
* DSB's stations on [[Funen]] and the rest of [[Jutland]] in the autumn of 2010
* The rest of the busses in Jutland and Zealand in the autumn of 2011, and soon after all railways in the capital.
* In 2015 old paper punch cards aren't sold anymore, leaving rejsekort and more expensive single tickets as the main options.
* Since 2018 it has been planned to replace [[MIFARE#MIFARE Classic family|MIFARE Classic]] with [[MIFARE#MIFARE DESFire family|MIFARE DESFire]].<ref name=1eye>{{cite web|url=https://oneeyedtechs.com/post/rejsekortet-an-obsolete-smart-card|title=Rejsekortet — an obsolete smart card|publisher=OneEyedTechs|date=2020-11-20}}</ref> DESFire was shown to be vulnerable to [[side-channel attack]]s in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iacr.org/workshops/ches/ches2011/presentations/Session%205/CHES2011_Session5_1.pdf |title=Breaking Mifare DESFire MF3ICD40: Power Analysis and Templates in the Real World |website=Iacr.org |access-date=9 February 2016}}</ref> More info at [[MIFARE#MIFARE DESFire attacks]].
* As of June 2022, the migration to MIFARE DESFire has begun for Rejsekort. Both card types are still in production and valid for travel.<ref name="1eye" />
==See also==
* [[Oyster card]]
* [[Octopus card]]
* [[Transit pass | Travel card]]
==References==
Line 70 ⟶ 88:
[[Category:Public transport in Denmark]]
[[Category:Fare collection systems]]
[[Category:Contactless smart cards]]
| |||