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{{Use American English|date = March 2019}}
▲{{Short description|representation of U.S. territories, not yet states, on stamps}}
{{Use dmy dates|date = March 2019}}
[[File:Louisiana Purchase7 1903 Issue-10c-crop.jpg|right|300px|thumb|
'''Territories of the United States on stamps''' discusses commemorative postal issues devoted to lands that have been ceded to the nation or purchased by treaty in conjunction with both war and peace. Thirteen states have been created from colonial territories, two from independent republics, four from previous states in the Union, and an additional thirty-one from United States territories.
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==National boundaries==
{{More citations needed|section|date=January 2022}}
===Treaty of Paris===
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{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:Ordinance2 of 1787.jpg|thumb|210px|
| [[File:Mississippi Territory 1948 Issue-3c.jpg|thumb|210px|
|}
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| [[File:Thomas Jefferson 1904 Issue-4c.jpg|thumb|210px|
| [[File:Louisiana Purchase7 1903 Issue-10c-crop.jpg|thumb|210px|
| [[File:Louisiana Purchase 150th anniversary 3c 1953 issue.jpg|thumb|230px|
|}
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{| style="margin:auto"
|-
| [[File:Florida statehood centenary 1945 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|210px|
| [[File:The Alamo 1936 Issue-3c.jpg|thumb|210px|
| [[File:Texas Statehood 1945 Issue-3c.jpg|thumb|210px|
|}
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{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:Kearny Expedition 1946 U.S. stamp.tiff|thumb|210px|
| [[File:Jackson Scott 1937 Issue-2c.jpg|thumb|210px|
|}
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{| style="margin:auto"
|-
| [[File:Oregon Territory 1936 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|210px|
| [[File:Gadsden Purchase 1953 U.S. stamp.tiff|thumb|210px|
|}
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{| style="margin:auto"
|-
| [[File:Alaska purchase 1909 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|220px|
| [[File:Alaska Purchase 8c 1967 issue.JPG|144px|right|thumb|
|}
===Insular
The U.S. Postal Department issued four 3-cent stamps commemorating Insular Territories: Hawaii, Alaska, Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands over the three months of October to December 1937. The first was to honor the Territory of Hawaii acquired in 1898. It showed the statue of King [[Kamehameha I]], unifier of the Hawaiian Islands, at the Iolani Palace in Honolulu. The second honored Alaska which was purchased in 1867. The stamp pictured snow-covered [[Mount McKinley]] with a farm and a village to symbolize modern development in the territory.<ref>Trotter, Gordon. [http://arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=1&cmd=1&img=&mode=1&pg=1&tid=2033209 3-cent Hawaii Issue], "3-cent Alaska Issue". Arago: people, postage & the post. National Postal Museum. Viewed March 4, 2014.</ref> Alaska and Hawaii territories were admitted as states in 1959.
{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:Hawaii Kamehameha stamp 3c 1937 issue.JPG|thumb|170px|
| [[File:Alaska territory 1937 U.S. stamp.tiff|thumb|248px|
|}
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{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:Puerto Rico 1937 U.S. stamp.tiff|thumb|248px|
| [[File:Virgin Islands 1937 U.S. stamp.tiff|thumb|248px|
|}
In the "Flags of our nation series" 2008–2012, five territorial flags were featured. The 42-cent denominations were the American Samoa Flag showing island peaks and trees, issued June 14, 2008, and the Guam Flag was illustrated with fish and tropicbird, issued September 2, 2008. Forever stamps included Northern Marianas Flag picturing a palm tree issued 2011, Puerto Rico Flag illustrated by a bird issued 2011, and Virgin Islands Flag showing a sailfish issued 2012.<ref>"[http://arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=2&cmd=1&fid=2052285&fid=2052292&fid=2052295&fid=2052322&fid=2052327&fid=2052335&id=219066&img=1&pg=1 Flags of our nation series 2008–2012]", Arago: people, postage & the post, National Postal Museum. Viewed March 7, 2014.</ref> Images of each flag can be seen at Arago online, National Postal Museum at the Smithsonian Institution on the following links: [http://arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=2&cmd=1&id=219066 American Samoa Flag], [http://arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=2&cmd=1&id=219076 Guam Flag], [http://arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=2&cmd=1&id=250406&pg=1&mode=1&tid=2052281 Northern Marianas Flag stamp], [http://arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=2&cmd=1&id=250430 Puerto Rico Flag], [http://arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=2&cmd=1&id=251593 U.S. Virgin Islands Flag].
The U.S. Postal Department also used general issue stamps with the territorial name overprinted, such as PUERTO RICO, CUBA, GUAM, PHILIPPINES or CANAL ZONE. Cuba
{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:
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| [[File:PhilippineStamp-1899-$2.jpg|thumb|130px|
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{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:PuertoRico-Stamp-1899-PostageDue.jpg|thumb|130px|
| [[File:
▲| [[File:Stamp 1899 10c USopGUAM.jpg|thumb|120px|<center>Guam overprint<br>1899 issue]]
▲| [[File:PhilippineStamp-1899-$2.jpg|thumb|130px|<center>Philippines overprint<br>1903 issue]]
▲| [[File:1925 Canal Zone Stamp.jpg|thumb|160px|<center>Canal Zone overprint<br>1925 issue]]
|}
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{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:Philippines-pagsanjanfalls-1932.jpg|thumb|140px|
| [[File:Stamp US guam guard mail.jpg|thumb|230px|
| [[File:Okinawa 100B-Yen stamp.JPG|thumb|120px|
|}
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{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:2-cent Pana-Paci Expo 1913 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|190px|
| [[File:Panama Canal 25th 1939 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|210px|
| [[File:Roosevelt Canal Zone111.jpg|thumb|210px|
|}
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East of the Mississippi River.
Founding of the [[Jamestown Settlement]] by the Virginia Company was commemorated on the 300th anniversary by 2-cent stamp in late 1907. It was the first permanent British colony in America following the 1587 failure of the Roanoke NC settlement.<ref>Haimann, Alexander T., "2-cent Founding of Jamestown", Arago: people, postage & the post, National Postal Museum online, viewed March 12, 2014.</ref>
The founding of the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]], commemorated on its 300th anniversary in 1930, was the culmination of a process begun ten years earlier with the signing of the [[Mayflower Compact]]: an exercise in representative democracy that stands as the first major political event of American history.<ref>Haimann, Alexander T., "5-cent Signing of the Compact", Arago: people, postage & the post, National Postal Museum online, viewed March 12, 2014.</ref>▼
The 2-cent "Walloons landing at Fort Orange" [[New Netherland]] was issued on May 1, 1924, to commemorated the 300th anniversary of settlement in New York. Walloons from the south of Belgium had been persecuted for their Protestant beliefs.<ref>Brody, Roger S., "Huguenot-Walloon Tercentenary Issue", Arago: people, postage & the post, National Postal Museum online, viewed March 13, 2014.</ref>
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{| style="margin:auto"
|-
| [[File:Founding of Jamestown stamp 2c 1907 issue.JPG|thumb|200px|
| [[File:
|}
| [[File:Mayflower compact 1920 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|200px|<center>Plymouth, Massachusetts<br>1920 issue]]▼
| [[File:Walloons landing 1924 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|210px|<center>Fort Orange, New York<br>1924 issue]]▼
▲The founding of the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]], commemorated on its 300th anniversary in 1930, was the culmination of a process begun ten years earlier with the signing of the [[Mayflower Compact]]: an exercise in representative democracy that stands as the first major political event of American history.<ref>Haimann, Alexander T., "5-cent Signing of the Compact", Arago: people, postage & the post, National Postal Museum online, viewed March 12, 2014.</ref>
{| style="margin:auto"
|-
| [[File:Massachusetts Bay Colony stamp 2c 1930 issue.jpg|thumb|138px|{{center|Massachusetts Bay Colony, 1930 issue}}]]
▲| [[File:Mayflower compact 1920 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|200px|
|}
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{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:Landing of Pilgrims 1970 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|140px|
| [[File:William Penn 1932 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|136px|
| [[File:James Oglethorpe 1933 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|136px|
| [[File:Rhode Island Tercentenary 1936 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|140px|
|}
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{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:Connecticut tercentenary 1935 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|210px|
| [[File:NYC 300 1953 issue-3c.jpg|thumb|210px|
| [[File:Swedish-Finnish 1938 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|140px|
|}
The settlement of [[Annapolis, Maryland]] was commemorated with a 3-cent stamp issued March 23, 1949 on its 300th anniversary. It shows a map of the Annapolis area showing the water route from the Chesapeake Bay to the Severn River with the masted ship and long boat carrying Puritans ashore to the original settlement and natural resources.<ref>"Annapolis Tercentenary Issue", Arago: people, postage & the post, National Postal Museum online, viewed March 14, 2014.</ref>
The [[Province of Carolina]] and its Carolina Charter reaching from Virginia on the north to Florida on the south coast to coast was commemorated on its 300th anniversary on a 5-cent stamp issued April 6, 1963. The Charter linked the colonies to the human rights of
[[Charleston, South Carolina|Charlestown]] (Charleston) South Carolina settlement was commemorated on its 300th anniversary with a 6-cent stamp, on September 12, 1970. The city was named after King Charles II of England, as the first colonial city in South Carolina.<ref>"South Carolina Issue", Arago: people, postage & the post, National Postal Museum online, viewed March 17, 2014.</ref>
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{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:Annapolis Tercentenary 3c 1949 issue.JPG|thumb|210px|
| [[File:Carolina Charter 1963 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|210px|
| [[File:South Carolina 1970 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|210px|
|}
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{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:Vermont independence 1927 U.S. stamp.tiff|thumb|140px|
| [[File:New Hampshire 1955 U.S. stamp.tiff|thumb|140px|
| [[File:Kentucky settlement 1974 U.S. stamp.tiff|thumb|140px|
|}
Settlement of the [[Northwest Territory]] under the Ordinance of 1787 was celebrated on its 150th anniversary by a 3-cent stamp on July 15, 1938. The first permanent place was [[Marietta, Ohio|Marietta]], Ohio. The Territory included Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota. The stamp features
The 3-cent [[Indiana Territory]] sesquicentennial commemorative postage stamp was issued on July 4, 1950. It features a portrait of William Henry Harrison, the first governor of Indiana Territory and later the 9th President of the US. Indiana's first Capitol building is pictured to the right.<ref>Lovell, Jeffrie. "Indiana Territory Issue", Arago: people, postage & the post. National Postal Museum. Online, viewed March 12, 2014.</ref>
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{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:Northwest Territory settlement 1938 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|120px|
| [[File:Indiana Territory 3c 1950 issue.JPG|thumb|210px|
| [[File:Florida settlement 1965 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|140px|
|}
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{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:Kansas Territory centennial stamp 1954 issue.jpg|thumb|210px|
| [[File:Nebraska territory 1954 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|210px|
| [[File:Iowa Territorial centennial stamp 3c 1938 issue.JPG|thumb|210px|
|}
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{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:Fort Snelling 1970 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|210px|
| [[File:Swedish pioneer (Midwest) 1948 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|210px|
| [[File:Fort Kearny (Nebraska) 1948 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|210px|
|}
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{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:Indian centennial (Oklahoma) 1948 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|210px|
| [[File:Cherokee strip 1968 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|210px|
| [[File:Minnesota Territory 3c green 1949 issue.JPG|thumb|210px|
|}
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{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:Oregon Territory Centennial 3c 1948 issue.JPG|thumb|210px|
| [[File:Utah territory 1947 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|210px|
| [[File:Washington Territory 3c 1953 issue.JPG|thumb|210px|
|}
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{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:10-cent Panama-Pacific Expo 1913 U.S. Stamp.1.jpg|thumb|180px|
| [[File:California settlement 200th 1969 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|140px|
| [[File:Stamp US 1977 13c Alta California.jpg|thumb|210px|
|}
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{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:California gold rush 1948 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|210px|
| [[File:Nevada Centennial 1951 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|210px|
| [[File:Silver Centennial stamp 4c 1959 issue.JPG|thumb|210px|
|}
==Statehood==
===States that were never territories===
Images are not available from USPS stamps since 1978. Click on the appropriate links for an image held at the Smithsonian Institution's online "Arago: people, postage & the post", National Postal Museum.
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{{col-end}}
In addition to the original 13, six subsequent states were never part of an [[Organized incorporated territories of the United States|organized incorporated U.S. territory]]: Vermont in 1791, formed from the territory of the [[Vermont Republic]]; Kentucky in 1792, [[List of U.S. state partition proposals|set off from]] Virginia; Maine in 1820, set off from Massachusetts; Texas in 1845, formed from the territory of the [[Republic of Texas]]; California in 1850, from the western portion of the [[Mexican Cession]]; and West Virginia in 1863, set off from Virginia.
Maine's statehood sesquicentennial was commemorated on the 6-cent stamp picturing the Lighthouse at Two Lights, Maine, issued July 9, 1970.<ref>"150th Anniversary Maine Statehood Issue", Arago: people, postage & the post, National Postal Museum online. Viewed March 7, 2014.</ref>
{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:
| [[File:
▲| [[File:
|}
West Virginia statehood's 100th anniversary was commemorated by a 5-cent stamp on June 20, 1963. The foreground is a map outline of the state, the background features the state capitol.<ref>"100th Anniversary West Virginia Statehood", Arago: people, postage & the post online, National Postal Museum, viewed April 13, 2014.</ref>
{| style="margin:auto"
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===Eastern states from territories===
Ohio's
{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:
| [[File:Ohio statehood 1953 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|right|160px|
|}
Mississippi statehood's 150th anniversary was
Illinois statehood's
{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:Indiana statehood 1966 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|right|140px|
| [[File:Mississippi statehood 1967 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|right|210px|
| [[File:Illinois statehood 1968 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|right|140px|
|}
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<ref>"150th Anniversary Alabama Statehood Issue", Arago: people, postage & the post online, National Postal Museum, viewed April 13, 2014.</ref>
The centennial of Michigan's
{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:Alabama statehood 1969 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|210px|
| [[File:Michigan centenary 1935 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|right|210px|
|}
Florida's
Wisconsin's statehood 100th anniversary was commemorated by a 3-cent stamp on May 29, 1948. The foreground features a scroll with a map outline of the state, the background design shows the State Capitol. The population of 150,000 exceeded the minimum of 60,000 required by the Ordinance of 1787 for the Northwest Territory.<ref>"100th Anniversary of Wisconsin Statehood Issue", Arago: people, postage & the post online. National Postal Museum, viewed April 9, 2014.</ref>
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{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:Florida statehood centenary 1945 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|right|210px|
| [[File:Wisconsin statehood 1948 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|right|210px|
|}
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{| style="margin:auto"
|-
| [[File:Louisiana statehood 1962 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|right|210px|
| [[File:Missouri statehood 1971 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|right|210px|
| [[File:Arkansas centennial 1936 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|right|210px|
|}
▲Texas commemorated its 100th anniversary of statehood in 1945, celebrated by a 3-cent stamp issued on December 29. The state was annexed in 1845 pursuant to a Republic of Texas petition to the United States, under the presidency of [[James K. Polk]].<ref>Trotter, Gordon T., "100th Anniversary of Texas Statehood Issue", Arago: people, postage & the post, National Postal Museum online. Viewed March 7, 2014.</ref>
Iowa statehood's 100th anniversary was commemorated by a 3-cent stamp on August 3, 1946. The stamp shows the Iowa state flag superimposed on an outline map of the state, and stalks of corn flank the design.<ref>Trotter, Gordan. "100th Anniversary of Iowa Statehood Issue" at Arago: people, postage & the post online, National Postal Museum. Viewed April 9, 2014.</ref>
{| style="margin:auto"
|-
| [[File:
| [[File:
▲| [[File:California statehood 1950 U.S. stamp.tiff|thumb|right|210px|<center>California statehood, 1850<br>1950 issue</center>]]
|}
▲Minnesota statehood's 100th anniversary was celebrated with a 3-cent stamp on May 11, 1958. The vignette highlights the state's lakes, islands and low rolling hills. The foreground features a pine branch.<ref>"100th Anniversary of Minnesota Statehood" at Arago: people, postage & the post online, National Postal Museum. Viewed April 11, 2014.</ref>
Oregon's statehood was commemorated with a 4-cent stamp on February 14, 1959. The central design is an unhorsed covered wagon, with Mount Hood in the right background, sloping westward to the Pacific Ocean. A star on the left symbolizes statehood.<ref>"100th Anniversary Oregon Statehood", Arago: people, postage & the post online, National Postal Museum, viewed April 13, 2014.</ref>
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{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:USstampMNstatehood1858-1958.jpg|thumb|right|210px|
| [[File:Stamp-oregon-statehood.jpg|thumb|right|210px|
| [[File:Stamp-kansas-statehood.jpg|thumb|right|210px|
|}
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{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:Nevada statehood 1964 stamp.tiff|thumb|right|210px|
| [[File:Nebraska statehood 1967 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|right|210px|
| [[File:Colorado statehood 1951 U.S. stamp.tiff|thumb|right|210px|
|}
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{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:Four-state 50th anniversary 1939 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|right|210px|
| [[File:Idaho 50th Anniv Statehood 3c 1940 issue.JPG|thumb|right|210px|
| [[File:Wyoming statehood 1940 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|right|140px|
|}
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{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:Oklahoma 1957 Statehood Stamp.jpg|thumb|210px|
| [[File:New Mexico statehood 1962 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|210px|
| [[File:Arizona statehood 1962 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|140px|
|}
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{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:Alaska Statehood 7c 1959 Airmail issue.JPG|thumb|210px|
| [[File:Hawaii statehood commemorative stamp 7c 1959 issue.jpg|thumb|210px|
|}
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[[Christopher Columbus]] was honored in the first U.S. commemorative stamps in the [[Columbian Issue|Columbian Exposition issue]] of 1893. On his return to Spain, Columbus reported his discoveries to the Spanish monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella, who made the Americas widely known in Europe.<ref>Haimann, Alexander T., "15-cent Columbus Announcing His Discovery", Arago: people, postage & the post, National Postal Museum online, viewed March 16, 2014.</ref>
[[Leif Erikson]] the 11th century Norse explorer was honored with a 6-cent stamp on October 9, 1968 — Leif Erikson Day. The stamp was inspired by the [[Statue of Leif Erikson (Reykjavík)|statue of Leif]] by American [[Alexander Stirling Calder|Stirling Calder]] in
[[Vasco Núñez de Balboa]], the Spanish explorer of the Panama Canal region, is honored in the Panama-Pacific Exposition issue. Balboa called the western ocean 'Mar del Sur'. The 1-cent stamp paid the post card rate. Patrons also commonly combined it with other denominations to fulfill large weight and foreign destination rates. Over 330 million 1-cent stamps were printed.<ref>Haimann, Alexander T., "1-cent Balboa", Arago: people, postage & the post, National Postal Museum online. Viewed March 26, 2014.</ref>
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{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:Columbus announcing 1893 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|220px|
| [[File:LeifErikson1968stamp.jpg|thumb|145px|
| [[File:1-cent Panama-Pacific Expo 1913 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|190px|
|}
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[[Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac]] was honored with a 3-cent stamp on July 24, 1951, to commemorate the 250th anniversary of his landing at Detroit in 1701. Cadillac founded the city of Detroit. The stamp's background design depicts Detroit's skyline as it appeared in 1951 and the foreground shows Cadillac's landing at Detroit in 1701. His namesake is the Cadillac motor vehicle company.<ref>Lovell, Jeffrie H.,"Landing of Cadillac Issue", Arago: people, postage & the post, National Postal Museum. Viewed March 22, 2014.</ref>
[[Jacques Marquette]] was honored on the one-cent stamp of the [[Trans-Mississippi Issue|Trans-Mississippi Exposition Issue]]. The vignette shows him on the Mississippi River,<ref>Haimann, Alexander T., "1-cent Marquette on the Mississippi, Arago: people, postage & the post, National Postal Museum. Viewed March 22, 2014.</ref> which he and [[Louis Jolliet]] explored (from the Wisconsin River downstream to the Arkansas River) in 1673.<ref>{{cite book| last=Catton| first=Bruce| year=1984| title=Michigan: A History
Explorer [[Jean Nicolet]]'s landing at Green Bay, Wisconsin, in 1634 was celebrated on its 300th anniversary by a violet 3-cent stamp issued on July 7, 1934. The vignette is taken from a painting by Edward W. Deming depicting Nicolet's landing at Green Bay, with numerous Indians present.<ref>Trotter, Gordon T.,"Wisconsin Tercentenary Issue", Arago: people, postage & the post, National Postal Museum. Viewed March 22, 2014.</ref>
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{| style="margin:auto"
|-
| [[File:US commemorative, Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac (1951).jpg|thumb|220px|
| [[File:Stamp US 1898 1c Trans-Miss.jpg|thumb|220px|
| [[File:Marquette 1968 Issue-6c.jpg|thumb|220px|
| [[File:3c Wisconsin
|}
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{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:Founding of Jamestown stamp 1c 1907 issue.JPG|thumb|200px|
| [[File:New Jersey 300th 1964 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|145px|
|}
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{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:California Pacific 1935 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|220px|
| [[File:Coronado Expedition 400th anniversary 3c 1940 issue.JPG|thumb|220px|
|}
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{| style="margin:auto"
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| [[File:Daniel Boone 1968 U.S. stamp.1.jpg|thumb|210px|
| [[File:Lewis and Clark 1954 Issue-3c.jpg|thumb|220px|
|}
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| [[File:Stamp US 1898 5c Trans-Miss.jpg|thumb|220px|
| [[File:John Wesley Powell 1969.1.jpg|thumb|220px|
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== Bibliography ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130921135453/http://arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=8&cmd=1 Arago: people, postage & the post], Philately, National Postal Museum online.
* Handlin, Oscar and Lillian Handlin, [https://books.google.com/books?id=emR9AAAAMAAJ&q=Liberty+in+expansion+handlin
* Scott 2013 Specialized Catalogue of United States Stamps & Covers. 2012. {{ISBN|0-89487-475-6}},
* Woods, Randall Bennett, and Wilard B. Gatewood "The American Experience: A Concise History", Prentice Hall, publishers. {{ISBN|978-0-534-16955-8}}
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;Postal
* Bianculli, Anthony J., [https://books.google.com/books?id=9KZVAAAACAAJ&
* Bloomgarden, Henry S., [https://books.google.com/books?id=4nfpAAAAMAAJ&q=virginia+commemorative+stamps
* Deaton, Charles W., [https://books.google.com/books?id=LZBwQQuCqtUC
* Renfeld, Fred. [https://books.google.com/books?id=kO09AAAAYAAJ&
* Woreck, Michael and Jordan Worek. [https://books.google.com/books?id=oo-ZMQAACAAJ&
{{Postage stamps of the United States}}
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[[Category:Postage stamps of the United States]]
[[Category:Topical postage stamps]]
[[Category:
|