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| alma_mater = [[University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill]]<br>[[Oberlin College]]
| thesis_title = Effects of competition and disturbance on ground beetle populations
| thesis_url =
| thesis_year = 1982
| doctoral_advisor = [[Nelson Hairston]]
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| website = {{URL|
{{URL|https://telliamedrevisited.wordpress.com/}}
| footnotes =
| spouse =
}}
'''Richard Eimer Lenski''' (born August 13, 1956) is an American [[evolutionary biology|evolutionary biologist]],<ref>{{cite news | url=http://myxo.css.msu.edu/index.html | title=Richard Lenski | publisher=[[Michigan State University]] |year= 2008 | accessdate =2008-09-17}}</ref> a Hannah Distinguished Professor of [[Microbial ecology|Microbial Ecology]], Genetics and Evolution, and Evolution of Pathogen Virulence at [[Michigan State University]]. He is a member of the [[National Academy of Sciences]] and a [[MacArthur Fellows Program|MacArthur
==Early life==
Richard E. Lenski is the son of [[sociologist]] [[Gerhard Lenski]] and poet Jean Lenski ({{née}} Cappelmann).<ref>{{cite tweet |author= Richard Lenski |user= relenski|number= 501149475541618688 |date= August 17, 2014 |title= Photo of Richard Lenski and Gerhard Lenski for the father's 90th birthday |access-date= August 18, 2014 }}</ref> He is also the great-nephew of children's author [[Lois Lenski]] and the great-grandson of [[Lutheran]] commentator [[Richard C. H. Lenski]]. He earned his BA from [[Oberlin College]] in 1976, and his PhD from the [[University of North Carolina]] in 1982.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Campbell|first1=Neil A.|last2=Reece|first2=Jane B.|title=Biology|url=https://archive.org/details/essentialbiology00camp_0|url-access=registration|edition=7|pages=[https://archive.org/details/essentialbiology00camp_0/page/538 538]–539|isbn= 978-0-8053-7146-8|year=2005|publisher=Pearson, Benjamin Cummings }}</ref>
==Career==
Lenski won a [[Guggenheim Fellowship]] in [[List of Guggenheim Fellowships awarded in 1991|1991]] and a [[MacArthur Award#MacArthur Fellowship|MacArthur Fellowship]] in 1996, and in 2006 he was elected to the [[United States National Academy of Sciences]].<ref>United States National Academy of Sciences member list, [http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/7066.html "Member directory"], ''Richard E. Lenski '', 2006</ref>
Lenski is a [[fellow]] at the [[American Academy of Microbiology]] and the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] and holds the office [[John A. Hannah|Hannah]] Distinguished Professor of [[microbial ecology]] at [[Michigan State University]].{{citation needed|date=December 2012}}
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[[Image:Lenski's 12 long-term lines of E. coli on 25 June 2008.jpg|left|thumb|300px|The 12 evolving ''E. coli'' populations on June 25, 2008]]
The ''E. coli'' long-term evolution experiment is an ongoing study in [[experimental evolution]] led by Richard Lenski that has been tracking genetic changes in 12 initially identical populations of asexual ''[[Escherichia coli]]'' bacteria since 24 February 1988.<ref name="Source">{{cite web |first=Richard E. |last=Lenski |url=http://myxo.css.msu.edu/ecoli/strainsource.html |title=Source of founding strain |publisher=Michigan State University |work=Richard E. Lenski Homepage |year=2000 |accessdate=2008-06-18 |archive-date=2018-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180531192907/http://myxo.css.msu.edu/ecoli/strainsource.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The populations reached the milestone of
Since the experiment's inception, Lenski and his colleagues have reported a wide array of genetic changes; some evolutionary [[adaptation]]s have occurred in all 12 populations, while others have only appeared in one or a few populations. One particularly striking adaptation was the evolution of a strain of ''E. coli'' that was able to use [[citrate]] as a carbon source in an aerobic environment.<ref name=pmid18524956>{{cite journal |pages=7899–906 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0803151105 |title=Historical contingency and the evolution of a key innovation in an experimental population of ''Escherichia coli'' |year=2008 |last1=Blount |first1=Zachary D. |last2=Borland |first2=Christina Z. |last3=Lenski |first3=Richard E. |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=105 |issue=23 |jstor=25462703 |pmid=18524956 |bibcode=2008PNAS..105.7899B |pmc=2430337|doi-access=free }}</ref> A defining characteristic of ''E. coli'' is its inability to use citrate as an energy source under oxic conditions.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Blount |first1=Zachary |last2=Borland |first2=Christina |last3=Lenski |first3=Richard |date=June 10, 2008 |title=Historical contingency and the evolution of a key innovation in an experimental population of Escherichia coli |journal=PNAS |volume=105 |issue=23 |pages=7899–7906|doi=10.1073/pnas.0803151105 |pmid=18524956 |pmc=2430337 |bibcode=2008PNAS..105.7899B |doi-access=free }}</ref>
===Avida simulation===
Richard Lenski, [[Charles Ofria]], et al. at [[Michigan State University]] developed an [[artificial life]] computer program with the ability to detail the evolution of complex systems. The system uses values set to determine random mutations and allows for the effect of natural selection to conserve beneficial traits. The program was dubbed Avida and starts with an artificial petri dish where organisms reproduce and perform mathematical calculations to acquire rewards of more computer time for replication. The program randomly adds mutations to copies of the artificial organisms to allow for natural selection. As the artificial life reproduced, different lines adapted and evolved depending on their set environments. The beneficial side to the program is that it parallels that of real life at rapid speeds.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lenski|first1=R. E.|last2=Ofria|first2=C.|last3=Pennock|first3=R. T.|last4=Adami|first4=C.|year=2003|author2-link=Charles Ofria|author3-link=Robert T. Pennock|author4-link=Chris Adami|title=The evolutionary origin of complex features|journal=Nature|volume=423|pages=139–144|url=http://myxo.css.msu.edu/papers/nature2003/Nature03_Complex.pdf|bibcode
===Media===
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==External links==
* [http://myxo.css.msu.edu/ecoli/ ''E. coli'' Long-term Experimental evolution site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170727225642/http://myxo.css.msu.edu/ecoli/ |date=2017-07-27 }}
* [http://www.beacon.msu.edu/ BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070815154133/http://newsroom.msu.edu/site/indexer/2765/content.htm News release from Michigan State University]
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[[Category:1956 births]]
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[[Category:MacArthur Fellows]]
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