John Capreolus: Difference between revisions

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Only scant details of his personal history are known. He was born and died in the [[diocese of Rodez]]. He was a Dominican affiliated with the province of [[Toulouse]], and a general chapter of his order at [[Poitiers]] in 1407 assigned him to lecture on ''[[Sentences|The Sentences]]'' at the [[University of Paris]]. He began in 1408 and achieved success.
 
The following year he finished the first part of his celebrated defensive commentary on the theology of [[St. Thomas Aquinas]]. He passed examinations for degrees at the [[University of Paris|Sorbonne]] in 1411 and in 1415. After serving for some time as regent of studies at Toulouse, he repaired to Rodez where he laboured at his commentaries completing the three remaining parts in 1426, 1428 and 1433.
 
==Works==
In the preface of a compendium of Capreolus's work by [[Isidore{{ill|Isidoro de Isolanis]]Isolani|it}}, it is stated that these manuscripts once narrowly escaped destruction by fire, a lay brother having saved them, to the joy of the author, who was then advanced in years. The same authority describes the erudite commentatorCapreolus as having a devotion to the [[Blessed Virgin]].
 
Though following the order of Capreolus''Thes Sentences'',[[Scholasticism|Scholastic]] thewritings commentariesdefend of Capreolus are a calm, learned, and penetrating exposition of the teaching of St. Thomas, as well as a comprehensive defenceAquinas against sundry opponents and critics, including [[John Duns Scotus|Scotus]], [[Henry of Ghent]], [[John of Ripa]], [[Guido the Carmelite]], [[Petrus Aureolus|Aureolus]], [[Guillaume Durand|Durandus]], [[Gregory of Rimini]], [[William of Ockham]], and other [[Nominalist]]s. CopiousHe andhas aptbeen citationscalled showthe that"Soul theof authorSt. masteredThomas" [[Aristotle]] andfor his Arabic commentator, [[Averroes]]; but a scrupulous fidelityadherence to theAquinas; Angelicalhis Doctor,writings thatalso earnedheavily forcite him[[Aristotle]] theand extraordinary appellation of "Soul of St. Thomas", is his chief characteristic[[Averroes]].
 
There is nothing in the wide field of the doctrinal discussions of his time that Capreolus did not study and elucidate, in a style terse and vigorous. His work is one of the enduring achievements of [[Scholasticism]].
 
The commentaries, bearing slightly variant titles, were published in four folio volumes at Venice, 1483, 1514, 1519, 1589. In 1881, Bishop [[Joseph-Christian-Ernest Bourret]] of Rodez, who had made the life and works of Capreolus, the object of considerable research, suggested a critically revised edition of the commentaries, which was at length undertaken by the Dominicans. Its publication was begun at Tours in 1900 under the title: ''Johannis Capreoli Tholosani, Ordinis Praedicatorum, Thomistarum principis, Defensiones Theologiae Divi Thomae Aq.de novo editae cura et studio RR. PP. Ceslai Paban et Thomae Pegues''. Early compendiums of the work by [[Paul Soncinas]] and by [[Sylvester Prierias]] were much used in their day.
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==References==
*{{CE1913|wstitle=John Capreolus}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia
| first = Vernon J.
| last = Bourke
| author-link = Vernon Bourke
| title = Capreolus, John (C. 1380–1444)
| url = https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/capreolus-john-c-1380-1444
| volume = 3
| editor-last = Edwards
| editor-first = Paul
| editor-link = Paul Edwards (philosopher)
| encyclopedia = [[The Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]
| year = 1967
| page = 22
| access-date = 4 October 2023
}}
 
{{Authority control}}