World Trade Center site: Difference between revisions

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| image1 = WTC New York 1992 Sander Lamme.jpg

| caption1 = The original Twin Towers of the [[World Trade Center (1973-2001)|World Trade Center]] in 1992

| image2 = Wtc-photo.jpg

| caption2 = The site, as it appeared twelve days after [[September 11 attacks|9/11]]

| image3 = WTCmemorialJune2012.png

| caption3 = The site as it appeared in 2012: The pools lie on the approximate site of each twin tower. Left is the [[List of tenants in 1 World Trade Center (1971–2001)|North Tower]] and right is the [[List of tenants in 2 World Trade Center|South Tower.]]

The '''World Trade Center site''', formerlyoften referred to as "'''[[Ground zero#World Trade Center|Ground Zero]]'''" or "'''the Pile'''" immediately after the [[September 11 attacks]], is a 14.6-acre (5.9&nbsp;ha) area in [[Lower Manhattan]] in [[New York City]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dunlap |first1=David W. |title=In a Space This Sacred, Every Square Foot Counts |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/29/nyregion/blocks-in-a-space-this-sacred-every-square-foot-counts.html|access-date=July 8, 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 29, 2004 |ref=blocks-4-29-2004}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | last=Barry | first=Dan | title=A Nation Challenged -– The Site: 'At the Scene of Random Devastation, a Most Orderly Mission' | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | date=September 24, 2001 | url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0DEFDD143AF937A1575AC0A9679C8B63 | access-date=July 31, 2010}}</ref> The site is bounded by [[Vesey Street (Manhattan)|Vesey Street]] to the north, the [[West Side Highway]] to the west, [[Liberty Street (Manhattan)|Liberty Street]] to the south, and [[Church Street (Manhattan)|Church Street]] to the east. The [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]] (PANYNJ) owns the site's land (except for [[7 World Trade Center]]). The original [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] complex stood on the site until it was destroyed in the [[September 11 attacks]].

The [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]] (PANYNJ), [[Silverstein Properties]], and the [[Lower Manhattan Development Corporation]] (LMDC) have overseen the reconstruction of the site as part of the [[World Trade Center (2001–present)|new World Trade Center]], following a master plan by [[Daniel Libeskind|Studio Daniel Libeskind]].<ref>{{cite newsmagazine |last1=Greenspan |first1=Elizabeth |title=Daniel Libeskind's World Trade Center Change of Heart |url=http://www.newyorker.com/business/currency/daniel-libeskinds-world-trade-center-change-of-heart|access-date=July 8, 2015 |workmagazine=the New Yorker |date=August 28, 2013}}</ref> Developer [[Larry Silverstein]] holds the lease to retail and office space in four of the site's buildings.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hartocollis |first=Anemona |title=Developer Sues to Win $12.3 Billion in 9/11 Attack |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 27, 2008 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/27/nyregion/27rebuild.html|access-date=July 31, 2010}}</ref>

[[File:Radio Row-Berenice Abbott.jpg|thumb|left|The[[Berenice Abbott]]'s photograph showing [[Radio Row]] in 1936, with the [[Cortlandt Street station (IRT Ninth Avenue Line)|Cortlandt Street station]] stationseen in the background]]

The western portion of the World Trade Center site was originally under the Hudson River, with the shoreline in the vicinity of Greenwich Street. On this shoreline close to the intersection of Greenwich Street and the former Dey Street, Dutch explorer [[Adriaen Block]]'s ship, the ''[[Tyger (ship)|''Tyger]]'']], burned to the waterline in November 1613, stranding Block and his crew and forcing them to overwinter on the island. The remains of the ship were buried under landfill when the shoreline was extended starting in 1797, and were discovered during excavation work in 1916. The remains of another ship from the eighteenth century were found in 2010 during excavation work at the site. The ship, believed to be a Hudson River [[sloop]], was found just south of where the Twin Towers used to stand, about {{convert|20 feet|ft}} below the surface.<ref name="2010-07-15 CNN">[{{cite news |url=http://articles.cnn.com/2010-07-15/us/new.york.ground.zero.ship_1_ship-archaeologist-ground-zero?_s=PM:US CNN: |title=Pieces of ship made in 1700s found at ground zero building site |publisher=[[CNN]] {{webarchive|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110113070306/http://articles.cnn.com/2010-07-15/us/new.york.ground.zero.ship_1_ship-archaeologist-ground-zero?_s=PM%3AUS |date=January 13, 2011 |archive-date=2011-01-13 |last1=Spodak |first1=Cassie}}</ref>

The area that was cleared for construction of the original World Trade Center complex was previously occupied by various electronics stores in what was called [[Radio Row]]. These streets and stores were demolished in the 1960s to make way for the World Trade Center.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/programs/lnfsound/stories/020603.radiorow.html |title='Radio Row:' The neighborhood before the World Trade Center |access-date=October 1, 2006 |date=June 3, 2002 |publisher=National[[NPR]] Public|archive-date=October 18, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018014921/http://www.npr.org/programs/lnfsound/stories/020603.radiorow.html |url-status=dead Radio}}</ref>

{{mainMain|World Trade Center (1973–2001)}}

At the time of their completion the "Twin Towers"—the original 1 World Trade Center (the North Tower), at 1,368&nbsp;{{cvt|1368|ft (417 metres)|m}}, and 2 World Trade Center (the South Tower)—were the [[History of the tallest buildings in the world#Tallest buildings (from 1901)|tallest buildings]] in the world. The other buildings in the complex included the [[Marriott World Trade Center]] (3 WTC), [[FourList of tenants in 4 World Trade Center|4 WTC]], [[FiveList of tenants in 5 World Trade Center|5 WTC]], [[6 World Trade Center|6 WTC]], and [[7 World Trade Center (1987–2001)|7 WTC]]. All of these buildings were built between 19751972 and 19851987, with a construction cost of $400&nbsp; million (equivalent to ${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|400000000|1971|{{Inflation-year|US}}|r=-8}}}} in {{Inflation-year|US}} dollars).{{Inflation-fn|US}} The complex was located in New York City's [[Financial District, Manhattan|Financial District]] and contained {{convert|13400000|sqft|m2}} of office space.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F01E4D81030F935A35752C0A9649C8B63 |title=Commercial Property; In Office Market, a Time of Uncertainty |work=The New York Times |author=Holusha, John |date=January 6, 2002 |access-date=November 21, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3601/is_30_48/ai_83762552 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120526191512/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3601/is_30_48/ai_83762552 |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 26, 2012 |title=Ford recounts details of Sept. 11 |work=Real Estate Weekly |date=February 27, 2002 |publisher=BNET |access-date=January 3, 2009 }}</ref>

The World Trade Center experienced a [[1975 World Trade Center fire|fire]] on {{Nowrap|February 13}}, 1975, a [[1993 World Trade Center bombing|bombing]] on {{Nowrap|February 26}}, 1993 and [[1998 Bank of America robbery|a robbery]] on {{Nowrap|January 14}}, 1998. In 1998, the Port Authority decided to privatize the World Trade Center, leasing the buildings to a private company to manage, and awarded the lease to [[Silverstein Properties]] in {{Nowrap|July 2001}}.

{{Main|September 11 attacks}}

On the morning of September 11, 2001, Islamist terrorists affiliated with [[Al-Qaeda]] [[aircraft hijacking|hijacked]] [[American Airlines Flight 11]] and [[United Airlines Flight 175]], both of which were en route from [[Boston]] to [[Los Angeles]], and intentionally crashed them into the two main towers of the World Trade Center. The towers collapsed within less than two hours of the collisions.<ref>{{Cite news |title=US Shocked by Terror Attacks |newspaper=[[BBC News]] |date=September 11, 2001 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1538929.stm#map | access-date=December 31, 2009}}</ref> 2,606 people, including 2,192 civilians, 343 firefighters, and 71 law enforcement officers who were in the towers and in the surrounding area died in the attacks, as well as 147 civilians and the 10 hijackers aboard the two airliners. After the collapse of the World Trade Center, hospital workers and law enforcement officers began referring to the World Trade Center site as "[[Ground Zero#World Trade Center|Ground Zero]]".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barry |first=Dan |title=A Day of Terror: Hospitals; Pictures of Medical Readiness, Waiting and Hoping for Survivors to Fill Their Wards |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 12, 2001 |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=980DE1D91238F931A2575AC0A9679C8B63 | access-date=July 31, 2010}}</ref>

The [[Collapse of the World Trade Center|collapse of the towers]] spread dust across New York City and left hundreds of thousands of tons of debris at the site.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barry |first=Dan |title=AFTERAfter THEthe ATTACKSAttacks: THEThe TALLYTally; With No Miracle in the Rubble, Hope Grimly Shifts to Acceptance |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 17, 2001 |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C07E1D8173BF934A2575AC0A9679C8B63 |access-date=July 31, 2010}}</ref> To organize the cleanup and search for survivors and for human remains, the [[New York City Fire Department]] divided the disaster site into four sectors, each headed by its own chief.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barry |first=Dan |title=A NATIONNation CHALLENGEDChallenged: THEThe SITESite; At the Scene of Random Devastation, a Most Orderly Mission |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 24, 2001 |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0DEFDD143AF937A1575AC0A9679C8B63 |access-date=July 31, 2010}}</ref> Cleanup workers trucked most of the building materials and debris from Ground Zero to [[Fresh Kills Landfill]] in [[Staten Island]]. Some people, such as those affiliated with World Trade Center Families for Proper Burial, were worried that human remains might also have been inadvertently transported to the landfill.<ref name="cnn.com"/>

According to NIST, when WTC 1 (the North Tower) collapsed, falling debris struck 7 World Trade Center and ignited fires on multiple floors. The uncontrolled fires ultimately led to the progressive collapse of the structure.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/wtc082108.html |title=NIST News Release: NIST WTC 7 Investigation Finds Building Fires Caused Collapse |date=August 21, 2008 |publisher=NIST |access-date=September 11, 2008 |archive-date=September 10, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910232957/http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/wtc082108.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

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| image1 = World Trade Center Site After 9-11 Attacks With Original Building Locations.jpg

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| caption1 = Aerial image of the World Trade center site after the attacks with the location of the Twin Towers and other buildings in the complex superimposed over the debris field

| image2 = FEMA - 4235 - Photograph by Andrea Booher taken on 09-28-2001 in New York.jpg

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| caption2 = The World Trade Center site 17 days after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. Buildings surrounding the site of the collapsed towers are fitted with mesh to prevent further damage and large construction vehicles are being used to clear debris.

Shortly after the attacks, the surrounding buildings were fitted with red mesh to prevent further damage. In November 2001, the remaining portions of [[4 World Trade Center#Original building (1975–2001)|Building 4]] were leveled.

In December 2001, a temporary viewing platform at Fulton Street, between Church Street and Broadway, was opened to the public.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hirschkorn |first=Phil |title=A NATIONNation CHALLENGEDChallenged: GROUNDGround ZEROZero; First Viewing Platform Opens to the Public |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 30, 2001 |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0CE0D71630F933A05751C1A9679C8B63 |access-date=July 31, 2010}}</ref> That month, the last standing perimeter columns from the North Tower and the last remaining portions of [[Six World Trade Center|Building 6]] were removed. Early estimates suggested that debris removal would take a year, but cleanup ended in May 2002, under budget and without a single serious injury.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Iovine |first=Julie V. |title=Designers Look Beyond Debris |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 27, 2001 |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04E7DB103AF934A1575AC0A9679C8B63 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130130082159/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04E7DB103AF934A1575AC0A9679C8B63 |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 30, 2013 |access-date=July 31, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Last Steel Column |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F02E4D71E3BF933A05756C0A9649C8B63 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130130073734/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F02E4D71E3BF933A05756C0A9649C8B63 |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 30, 2013 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 30, 2002 |access-date=July 31, 2010 }}</ref> The [[Winter Garden Atrium]] was reopened to the public on September 17, 2002, the first major structure to be completely restored following the attacks.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://newyork.construction.com/projects/02_TopForty/02_TopProjects35_WinterGardenRestoration.asp |title=Winter Garden Restoration |publisher=New York Construction |date=February 8, 2017}}</ref>

Starting March 11, 2002, eighty-eight searchlights were installed and arranged to form two beams of light shooting straight up into the sky. This was called the ''[[Tribute in Light]]'', and was originally lit every day at dusk until April 14, 2002. After that, the lights were lit on the second anniversary of the attack and have been lit on each subsequent September 11 since then.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |title=Twin Beams to Light Sky Again. But After 2008? |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 9, 2006 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/09/nyregion/09light.html |access-date=July 31, 2010}}</ref> In February 2005, the New York City Medical Examiner's office ended its process of identifying human remains at the site.<ref name="cnn.com">{{Cite news |last=Hirschkorn |first=Phil |title=Identification of 9/11 remains comes to end |newspaper=[[CNN]] |date=February 23, 2005 |url=http://www.cnn.com/2005/US/02/22/wtc.identifications/index.html }}</ref>

In August 2008, New York City firefighters donated a cross made of steel from the World Trade Center to the Shanksville Volunteer Fire Company.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailyamerican.com/articles/2008/08/22/news/news/news808.txt |title=NY firefighter donating steel to Shanksville |last=GANASSIGanassi |first=MICHELLEMichelle |date=August 25, 2008 |work=Daily American cv |access-date=August 22, 2008 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The beam, mounted atop a platform shaped like the Pentagon, was erected outside the [[Shanksville, Pennsylvania|Shanksville]] firehouse near the crash site of [[United Airlines Flight 93]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/ny_local/2008/08/24/2008-08-24_pa_site_of_911_crash_gets_wtc_beam.html |title=Pa. site of 9/11 crash gets WTC beam |last=Gaskell |first=Stephanie |date=August 25, 2008 |work=New York Daily news |access-date=August 26, 2008 |archive-date=August 27, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827214223/http://www.nydailynews.com/ny_local/2008/08/24/2008-08-24_pa_site_of_911_crash_gets_wtc_beam.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Portions of the South Tower had also damaged the nearby [[Deutsche Bank Building]], which soon became filled with toxic dust. By 2002, [[Deutsche Bank]] determined that its building was unsalvageable and it was scheduled for demolition.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2008/03/19/news/companies/ground_zero.fortune/index.htm |title=The tombstone at Ground Zero |last=Varchaver |first=Nicholas |date=March 20, 2008 |newspaper=[[CNN]]}}</ref> In January 2011, the demolition of the Deutsche Bank Building was completed.<ref>{{cite news| |title=10 Years After 9/11, Deutsche Bank Tower Vanishes| |url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/01/12/ten-years-after-911-the-wounded-deutsche-bank-tower-vanishes/| access-date=September 11, 2012| |newspaper=The New York Times| |date=January 12, 2011}}</ref>

In July 2010, a team of [[archaeologist]]s at the site discovered the remains of a {{convert|32|ft|m|adj=on}}-long boat over 200 years old; it was probably made in the 18th century and dumped there along with wooden beams and trash in about 1810 to make up the land.<ref>{{cite web | last=Associated Press | title=Ground Zero diggers uncover hull of 18th century ship | website=the Guardian | date=July 15, 2010 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jul/15/world-trade-centre-hull-ship | access-date=October 31, 2019}}</ref> The boat had been weighted to make it sink as part of foundations for a new [[pier]]. Samples of its wood have been taken for [[dendrochronology]].

While the PANYNJ is often identified as the owner of the WTC site, the ownership situation was complicated after the September 11 attacks. The Port Authority did own a "significant" internal portion of the site of {{convert|16|acre|ha}} but has acknowledged "ambiguities over ownership of miscellaneous strips of property at the World Trade Center site" going back to the 1960s. It was unclear who owned {{convert|2.5|acre|ha}} of the site which is land where streets had been before the World Trade Center was built.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Dunlap | first=David W. | title=Who Owns Ground Zero? Don't Expect a Simple Answer | newspaper=[[New York Times]] | date=April 22, 2004 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/22/nyregion/22blocks.html | access-date=July 16, 2010}}</ref> In subsequent deals, the Port Authority gave some land to Larry Silverstein, including the land under 2 and 3 WTC in 2008.<ref>{{cite web | title=WTC Owner Turns Over Land for 2 Towers - -– World Trade Center | website=Home &#124;&#124; World Trade Center | url=https://www.wtc.com/media/news/wtc-owner-turns-over-land-for-2-towers | access-date=December 3, 2018}}</ref>

[[File:Remarks from Ground Zero September 14, 2001.webm|thumb|thumbtime=00:11|[[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[George W. Bush]] making remarks from "Ground Zero" on September 14, 2001]]

Soon after the September 11 attacks, [[Mayor of New York City|Mayor]] [[Rudy Giuliani]], [[List of Governors of New York|Governor]] [[George Pataki]], and President [[George W. Bush]] vowed to rebuild the World Trade Center site. On the day of the attacks, Giuliani proclaimed, "We will rebuild. We're going to come out of this stronger than before, politically stronger, economically stronger. The skyline will be made whole again."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.architectureweek.com/2001/0926/today.html |title=Rebuilding in New York |date=September 26, 2001 |author=Taylor, Tess |magazine=Architecture Week |access-date=May 16, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511012010/http://www.architectureweek.com/2001/0926/today.html |archive-date=May 11, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> During a visit to the site on September 14, 2001, Bush spoke to a crowd of cleanup workers through a megaphone. An individual in the crowd shouted, "We can't hear you," to which Bush replied, "I can hear you. The rest of the world hears you. And the people who knocked these buildings down will hear all of us soon."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Walsh |first=Edward |title=Bush Encourages N.Y. Rescuers |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |pages=A10 |date=September 15, 2001 |url=http://old.911digitalarchive.org/crr/documents/1126.pdf |access-date=July 31, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724210450/http://old.911digitalarchive.org/crr/documents/1126.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2011 }}</ref>

In a later address before [[United States Congress|Congress]], the president declared, "As a symbol of America's resolve, my administration will work with Congress, and these two leaders, to show the world that we will rebuild New York City."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/09/20010920-8.html |title=Address to a Joint Session of Congress and the American People |publisher=The White House |date=September 20, 2001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225062850/http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/09/20010920-8.html |archive-date=February 25, 2008 }}</ref> The immediate response from World Trade Center leaseholder [[Larry Silverstein]] was that "it would be the tragedy of tragedies not to rebuild this part of New York. It would give the terrorists the victory they seek."<ref>{{cite news |title=In place of the Trade Center; Ideas range from building new towers to playground |author=Litt, Steven |publisher=Plain Dealer (Cleveland) |date=September 17, 2001}}</ref> However, by 2011, only one building, [[7 World Trade Center]], had been rebuilt. The buildings that have been rebuilt as of June 2018 include 7 World Trade Center, [[One World Trade Center]], [[4 World Trade Center]], and [[3 World Trade Center]]. The original twin towers took less than three years from start of construction to be finished and five years from the beginning planning stages. However, given the complexity and highly political nature of the rebuilding efforts, they are often cited as an example of a successful public-private collaboration and are taught as a case study in successful negotiations.<ref>Cornell Real Estate Review, Volume 10, Number 1 (July 2012), 39-53, http://cip.cornell.edu/cpre.crer/1342144023; http://www.cornell.edu/video/?videoID=1680</ref>

Governor Pataki established the [[Lower Manhattan Development Corporation]] (LMDC) in November 2001, as an official commission to oversee the rebuilding process.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pérez-Peña |first=Richard |title=A NATIONNation CHALLENGEDChallenged: DOWNTOWNDowntown; State Plans Rebuilding Agency, Perhaps Led by Giuliani |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 3, 2001 |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DEFD81639F930A35752C1A9679C8B63 |access-date=July 31, 2010}}</ref> The LMDC coordinates [[Federal government of the United States|federal]] assistance in the rebuilding process, and works with the PANYNJ, Larry Silverstein, and [[Studio Daniel Libeskind]], the master plan architect for the site's redesign. The corporation also handles communication with the local community, businesses, the city of New York, and relatives of victims of the September 11 attacks.<ref>{{cite news |title=A Corporation to Rebuild Ground Zero |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/04/opinion/a-corporation-to-rebuild-ground-zero.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 4, 2001 |access-date=July 31, 2010}}</ref> A 16-member board of directors, half appointed by the governor and half by the mayor of New York, governs the LMDC.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Governor and Mayor Name Lower Manhattan Redevelopment Corporation |publisher=www.RenewNYC.org |date=November 29, 2001 |url=http://www.renewnyc.com/displaynews.aspx?newsid=2b0bfde6-61b6-48f9-a6ca-70475846c95b |access-date=June 16, 2008}}</ref>

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* [[Foster and Partners]] ([[Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank|Norman Foster]])

* [[Studio Daniel Libeskind]] ([[Daniel Libeskind]])

* Meier Eisenman Gwathmey Holl ([[Peter Eisenman]], [[Richard Meier]], [[Charles Gwathmey]] and [[Steven Holl]]), known as "[[The New York Five]]"

* [[Skidmore, Owings & Merrill]]

* [[THINK Team]] ([[Shigeru Ban]], [[Frederic Schwartz]], [[Ken Smith (architect)|Ken Smith]], [[Rafael Viñoly]])

* United Architects

The seven semifinalists presented their entries to the public on December 18, 2002, at the [[Winter Garden Atrium|Winter Garden]] of the [[Brookfield Place (New York City)|World Financial Center]]. In the following weeks, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill withdrew its entry from the competition.<ref>{{cite news |title=Beauty Contest: Two Firms Vie At W.T.C. Site |first=Tom |last=McGeveran |url=http://www.observer.com/node/47085 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100913151648/http://www.observer.com/node/47085 |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 13, 2010 |newspaper=[[The New York Observer]] |date=February 9, 2003 |access-date=July 31, 2010}}</ref>

Days before the announcement of the two finalists in February 2003, Larry Silverstein wrote to LMDC Chair [[John C. Whitehead|John Whitehead]] to express his disapproval of all of the semifinalists' designs. As the Twin Towers' insurance money recipient, Silverstein claimed that he had the sole right to decide what would be built. He announced that he had already picked Skidmore, Owings & Merrill as his master planner for the site.<ref name=breakingground>{{cite book |last=Libeskind |first=Daniel |title=Breaking Ground |publisher=[[Riverhead Books]] |location=New York |year=2004 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/breakinggroundad00libe/page/164 164, 166, 181, 183] |isbn=1-57322-292-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/breakinggroundad00libe/page/164 }}</ref>

Libeskind's original proposal, which is titled [[Memory Foundations]], underwent extensive revisions during collaboration with Larry Silverstein, and Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, whom Silverstein hired.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.renewnyc.com/plan_des_dev/wtc_site/new_design_plans/Sept_2003_refined_design.asp |title=Lower Manhattan Development Corporation |website=www.renewnyc.com|access-date=August 8, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416100733/http://www.renewnyc.com/plan_des_dev/wtc_site/new_design_plans/Sept_2003_refined_design.asp|archive-date=April 16, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Though Libeskind designed the site, the individual buildings have been designed by different architects. While not all of Liebeskind's ideas were incorporated into the final design, his design and the public support it garnered did solidify the principle that the original footprints of the Twin Towers should be turned into a memorial and not be used for commercial purposes. As a result, Liebeskind's lawyers at the New York firm of Wachtell Lipton embarked on the multi-year negotiation process to frame a master plan for the rebuilding.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wtc.com/news/Silversteins-Army |title=Silverstein's Army --– World Trade Center |website=www.wtc.com}}</ref> The first step in this process, completed in 2003, was the "swap" in which Silverstein gave up his rights to the footprints of the Twin Towers so that they could become a memorial, and in exchange received the right to build five new office towers around the memorial.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.americanlawyer-digital.com/americanlawyer/tal200709/?pg=5 |title=Error |website=www.americanlawyer-digital.com |url-access=subscription |page=5 |access-date=October 6, 2011 |archive-date=April 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406092831/http://www.americanlawyer-digital.com/americanlawyer/tal200709/?pg=5 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The "swap" and the ensuing negotiations, which lasted for many years, have been referred to as the most complex real estate transaction in human history because of the complexity of the issues involved, the many stakeholders, and the difficulty of reaching consensus.<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Scott |last=Raab |title=Construction of World Trade Center |magazine=Esquire |date=May 24, 2007}}</ref>

An episode of [[CBS]]'s ''60 Minutes'' in 2010 focused on the lack of progress at Ground Zero, particularly on the lack of completion dates for a majority of the buildings, the main tower, [[One World Trade Center]] (previously known as the Freedom Tower)'s having undergone three different designs, and the delays and monetary expense involved. Investor [[Larry Silverstein]] said the Port Authority's estimated completion date for the entire site was 2037, and billions of dollars had already been spent on the project, even though Ground Zero "is still a hole in the ground". During an interview for the episode, Larry Silverstein said: "I am the most frustrated person in the world...I'm seventy-eight years of age; I want to see this thing done in my lifetime".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/02/18/60minutes/main6220282.shtml |title=Developer: Ground Zero a National Disgrace -– 60 Minutes: Eight Years and Billions of Dollars Later, Part of 9/11 Site is Still Just a Big Hole |publisher=CBS News |date=February 18, 2010 |page=1 |access-date=January 4, 2012 |archive-date=June 15, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615073056/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/02/18/60minutes/main6220282.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> However, it was noted that in early 2011, all five office towers of the World Trade Center had begun construction.

The social center of the old World Trade Center included a spectacular restaurant on the 107th Floor, called [[Windows on the World]], and its Greatest Bar in the World; these were tourist attractions in their own right, and a social gathering spot for people who worked in the towers.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ny.eater.com/2013/9/11/6547477/windows-on-the-world-new-yorks-sky-high-restaurant |title=Windows on the World, New York's Sky-High Restaurant |first=Greg |last=Morabito |date=September 11, 2013 |website=Eater NY}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/02/world-trade-center-observatory-views-photos_n_3001052.html |work=Huffington Post |title=PHOTOS: The Stunning Views Atop One World Trade Center |date=April 2, 2013}}</ref> This restaurant also housed one of the most prestigious wine schools in the United States, called "Windows on the World Wine School", run by wine personality [[Kevin Zraly]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.esquire.com/blogs/food-for-men/windows-on-the-world-september-11 |title=Cocktails Before the Collapse |date=September 10, 2016 |website=esquire.com}}</ref> Despite numerous assurances that these local landmarks and global attractions would be rebuilt,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20010917/SUB/109170715# |title=Owner vows to reopen Windows On The World |publisher= Crain's New York |date=September 17, 2001 |author=Louise Kramer|access-date=July 23, 2017}}</ref> the Port Authority scrapped plans to rebuild these WTC attractions, which has outraged some observers.<ref>{{cite news |journal=Gothamist |date=March 8, 2011 |title=WTC Scraps Windows on the World Plan |url=http://gothamist.com/2011/03/08/wtc_scraps_windows_on_the_world_pla.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313083936/http://gothamist.com/2011/03/08/wtc_scraps_windows_on_the_world_pla.php |archive-date=March 13, 2013 }}</ref>

{{As of|20202023|09September}}, the current structures on the site include:

[[One World Trade Center]] (previously coined the "Freedom Tower" by Governor Pataki) is the centerpiece of Libeskind's design. The building rises to {{convert|1368|ft|m}}, the height of the original World Trade Center's northNorth towerTower, and its antenna rises to the symbolic height of 1,776 feet (541 m). This height refers to 1776, the year in which the [[United States Declaration of Independence]] was signed. The tower was a collaboration between Studio Daniel Libeskind and Skidmore, Owings & Merrill architect [[David Childs]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wtc.com/about/freedom-tower |title=Freedom Tower: About the Building |access-date=January 21, 2008 |publisher=Silverstein Properties}}</ref> Childs acted as the design architect and project manager for the tower, and Daniel Libeskind collaborated on the concept and schematic design.<ref>{{cite news |title=Libeskind and Silverstein reach an agreement for WTC site |first=Kevin |last=Lerner |magazine=[[Archit. Rec.|Architectural Record]] |date=August 2003}}</ref> The design was finalized in 2004, but was revised extensively after the [[New York City Police Department|NYPD]] raised security concerns, which delayed the start of the construction by two years.<ref name="Esquire Magazine">{{cite news |url=http://www.esquire.com/features/world-trade-center-rebuilding-0912 |title=The Truth About the World Trade Center |publisher=Esquire Magazine |year=2013}}</ref> In 2006, the Port Authority took over from Silverstein Properties. The project's developer [[Tishman Realty & Construction|Tishman Construction Corporation]] was the construction manager at the time.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wtc.com/about/freedom-tower |title=Freedom Tower |year=2008 |publisher=Silverstein Properties}}</ref> Construction began in April 2006. Digging the foundation and installing tower-foundation steel columns, concrete, and rebar took twice as long as it normally would due to the existence of the [[IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line|subway line under West Broadway]] nearby.<ref name="Is the World Trade Center Safe">{{cite news |url=http://www.esquire.com/features/world-trade-center-safe-0913-2 |title=Is the World Trade Center Safe? |publisher=Esquire Magazine |year=2014|access-date=March 31, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926011600/http://www.esquire.com/features/world-trade-center-safe-0913-2|archive-date=September 26, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> The building reached grade level by 2010, progressed at a pace of one floor a week, topped out in August 2012, and was structurally completed in May 2013.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ny1.com/content/special_reports/911_a_decade_later/146319/9-11-a-decade-later--one-world-trade-center-rises-in-lower-manhattan |title=9/11 A Decade Later: One World Trade Center Rises In Lower Manhattan |last=Cuza |first=Bobby |date=September 2, 2011 |work=[[NY1]]|access-date=September 4, 2011}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The building opened on November 3, 2014, and the first 170 employees of anchor tenant Conde Nast began their work there.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/developments/2014/10/23/one-world-trade-to-open-nov-3-but-ceremony-is-tbd/ |title=One World Trade to Open Nov. 3, But Ceremony is TBD |last=Brown |first=Eliot |newspaper=Wall Street Journal}}</ref><ref name="yahoo">{{cite news |url=https://news.yahoo.com/world-trade-center-reopens-business-071956091.html |title=World Trade Center Reopens for Business|access-date=November 3, 2014 |agency=Associated Press}}</ref>

Danish architect [[Bjarke Ingels]] designed [[Two World Trade Center]], also known as 200 Greenwich Street. The building's gardens integrate [[Tribeca]] with the Financial District at the World Trade Center.<ref name="curbed-wtc2">{{cite web |url=http://ny.curbed.com/archives/2014/09/11/the_status_of_the_world_trade_center_complex_13_years_later.php |title=The Status of the World Trade Center Complex, 13 Years Later |date=September 11, 2014 |publisher=Curbed|access-date=December 2, 2014}}</ref><ref name="pany-wtc2">{{cite web |url=http://www.panynj.gov/wtcprogress/press_releasesItem.cfm?headLine_id=1269 |title=Joint Statement on World Trade Center Development |date=March 25, 2010 |publisher=[[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]] |access-date=March 25, 2010 |archive-date=March 28, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328055701/http://www.panynj.gov/wtcprogress/press_releasesItem.cfm?headLine_id=1269 |url-status=dead }}</ref> As part of a 2010 lease deal to finance 4 WTC, there were plans to build 2 and 3 World Trade Center to ground level.<ref>[http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/124416/port-authority-approves-wtc-construction-plan Port Authority Approves WTC Construction Plan] (August 26, 2010). {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512191055/http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/124416/port-authority-approves-wtc-construction-plan|date=May 12, 2013}} NY1 local news channel.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/134620/city-shells-out--32-9m-to-lease-space-at-world-trade-center |title=City Shells Out $32.9M To Lease Space At World Trade Center |date=February 25, 2011 |work=[[NY1]]|access-date=February 26, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714220922/http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/134620/city-shells-out--32-9m-to-lease-space-at-world-trade-center|archive-date=July 14, 2011}}</ref> Construction of everything up to street level was completed in mid-2013.<ref name="curbed-wtc2" /><ref name="pany-wtc2" /> The rest of the building, however, has yet to be built until tenants for Tower 2 can be found.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/world-trade-center-completion-25391719 |title=World Trade Center Complex on Way to Completion |date=September 11, 2014|access-date=December 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912084533/https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/world-trade-center-completion-25391719|archive-date=September 12, 2014 |publisher=ABC News |agency=Associated Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/port-authority-delays-1-world-trade-center-opening-article-1.1930770 |title=Port Authority delays 1 World Trade Center opening as project takes more time, money than expected |last=Smith |first=Greg |date=September 6, 2014 |newspaper=New York Daily News}}</ref>

[[Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners|Richard Rogers Partnership]] designed [[Three World Trade Center]], or 175 Greenwich Street, which stands across Greenwich Street from the Memorial's two reflecting pools.<ref name="wtc3-1">{{cite web |url=http://www.wtc.com/media/images/s/construction-3-world-trade-center?sid=1 |title=3 WORLDWorld TRADETrade Center CENTER|work=wtc.com}}</ref><ref name="commercial observer">{{cite web |url=http://commercialobserver.com/2012/10/240569/ |title=GroupM Considers Huge Lease to Anchor 3 WTC |last=Geiger |first=Daniel |date=October 3, 2012 |publisher=Commercial Observer|access-date=November 3, 2013}}</ref> Groundbreaking occurred in fall 2008, and in May 2009, the Port Authority proposed reducing the tower to four stories.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/port-authority-dump-proposed-skyscrapers-wtc-site-article-1.377512 |title=Port Authority wants to dump three of five proposed skyscrapers for WTC site |date=May 10, 2009 |newspaper=NY Daily News |access-date=April 24, 2014 |archive-date=April 24, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424192334/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/port-authority-dump-proposed-skyscrapers-wtc-site-article-1.377512 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2012, with Silverstein still unable to find tenants, construction on the above-ground levels was delayed indefinitely, with plans for only 7 stories.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20120122/REAL_ESTATE/301229973 |title=Silverstein to call a halt at 3 WTC |last=Agovino |first=Theresa |date=January 22, 2012 |work=Crain's New York Business|access-date=October 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404083903/http://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20120122/REAL_ESTATE/301229973|archive-date=April 4, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, work progressed on below-grade foundations and the ground-level podium, which was completed by October 2013.<ref name="wtc3-1" /><ref name="commercial observer" /> Anchor tenant [[Group M]] was finally signed in late 2013,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/9-11-anniversary-new-wtc-finally-shaping-article-1.1451531 |title=9/11 anniversary: After 12 years, new WTC taking shape after terror attack |last=Rich |first=Schapiro |date=September 10, 2013 |newspaper=New York Daily News|access-date=November 14, 2013}}</ref> but finance negotiations between Silverstein Properties and the Port Authority dragged, until an agreement was reached in June 2014. Construction resumed in August 2014,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nypost.com/2014/08/04/hudson-market-project-finds-a-home-in-chelsea/ |title=Hudson Market project finds a home in Chelsea |date=August 4, 2014 |newspaper=New York Post}}</ref> and the building opened on June 11, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://commercialobserver.com/2018/06/inside-3-world-trade-center-opens/ |title=3 World Trade Center Opens Today: Here's a Look Inside |date=June 11, 2018 |work=Commercial Observer|access-date=June 11, 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[Fumihiko Maki|Maki and Associates]] designed [[Four World Trade Center]], also known as 150 Greenwich Street.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.renewnyc.com/ThePlan/world_trade_center_towers.asp |title=World Trade Center Towers |publisher=Lower Manhattan Development Corporation}}</ref><ref>[http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/123905/ny1-exclusive--developer-says-wtc-project-to-be-complete-in-five--six-years NY1 Exclusive: Developer Says WTC Project To Be Complete In Five, Six Years] [[NY1]]. Retrieved August 17, 2010. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819201403/http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/123905/ny1-exclusive--developer-says-wtc-project-to-be-complete-in-five--six-years|date=August 19, 2010}}</ref> Construction started in 2008, and the steel skeleton was mostly complete by 2012.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-worldtradecenter/steel-skeleton-completed-at-4-world-trade-center-idUSBRE85O15U20120625 |title=Steel skeleton completed at 4 World Trade Center |date=June 25, 2012 |work=Reuters|access-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref> The building opened in November 2013, making it the second tower on the site to open behind 7 World Trade Center, as well as the first building on the Port Authority property.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20131113/financial-district/4-wtc-becomes-first-tower-at-trade-center-site-open |title=4 WTC Becomes First Tower at Trade Center Site to Open |last=Plagianos |first=Irene |date=November 13, 2013 |website=DNAinfo New York|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027131336/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20131113/financial-district/4-wtc-becomes-first-tower-at-trade-center-site-open|archive-date=October 27, 2017|url-status=dead|access-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref> The first tenants to move in were two government agencies,<ref>{{cite webnews |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-11-12/world-trade-center-tower-debuts-in-manhattan-leasing-test |title=NYC's World Trade Tower Opens 40% Empty in Revival |date=November 12, 2013 |website=Bloomberg.com|access-date=October 5, 2015}}</ref> and {{as of|July 2015|lc=y}}, the building is 62% leased.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-424252525.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220160704/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-424252525.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 20, 2016 |title=Silverstein Signs Four More Tenants at 4WTC |work=Real Estate Weekly|access-date=October 5, 2015}}{{subscription required|via=[[HighBeam]]}}</ref>

[[Five World Trade Center]] was designed by [[Kohn Pedersen Fox]] and will stand where the [[Deutsche Bank Building]] once stood. On June 22, 2007, the Port Authority announced that [[JP Morgan Chase]] will lease the 42-story building for its investment banking headquarters;<ref>{{cite news |title=JP Morgan releases WTC tower plans |first=Marlene |last=Naanes |url=http://www.amny.com/news/local/am-wtc0622,0,6464804.story?coll=am-local-headlines |newspaper=[[AM New York]] |date=June 22, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211043752/http://www.amny.com/news/local/am-wtc0622%2C0%2C6464804.story?coll=am-local-headlines |archive-date=December 11, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kohn Responds to WTC5 Criticisms |first=Alec |last=Appelbaum |url=http://archrecord.construction.com/news/daily/archives/070730wtc.asp |magazine=[[Archit. Rec.|Architectural Record]] |date=July 30, 2007 |access-date=July 30, 2010}}</ref> however, JPMorgan's March 2008 acquisition of [[Bear Stearns]] had caused construction to stagnate, as the company changed its plans and relocated its headquarters to 383 Madison Avenue.<ref>{{cite web | last=Jones | first=David | title=JPMorgan might flip WTC site | website=The Real Deal New York | date=March 20, 2008 | url=http://therealdeal.com/blog/2008/03/20/jpmorgan-might-flip-wtc-site/ | access-date=October 5, 2015}}</ref> Construction began on September 9, 2011.<ref name="Minchom 2013">{{cite web |url=http://jewishbusinessnews.com/2013/11/12/new-world-trade-center-coming-to-life-already-impacts-new-york-skyline/ |title=New World Trade Center Coming To Life Already Impacts New York Skyline |last=Minchom |first=Clive |date=November 12, 2013 |website=Jewish Business News|access-date=October 5, 2015}}</ref> Although the foundation was completed, construction on the main structure never commenced.<ref name="Minchom 2013" />

[[7 World Trade Center]] stands off of Port Authority property. David Childs of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill designed the tower.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lowermanhattan.info/news/7_world_trade_center_50451.aspx |title=7 World Trade Center Opens with Musical Fanfare |publisher=Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC) |date=May 22, 2006 |access-date=July 27, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809115805/http://www.lowermanhattan.info/news/7_world_trade_center_50451.aspx |archive-date=August 9, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Construction of the new {{nowrap|7 World}} Trade Center began in 2002 and the building opened on May 23, 2006, achieving [[Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design|LEED]] gold status and being the first tower in the complex to reopen.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wtc.com/about/office-tower-7 |title=Tower 7 |year=2008 |publisher=Silverstein Properties}}</ref> The building is {{nowrap|52 stories}} tall (plus one underground floor), making it the 28th-tallest in New York.<ref name="SkyscraperCenter" /><ref>[http://www.silversteinproperties.com/properties/7-world-trade-center About 7 WTC] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109211755/http://www.silversteinproperties.com/properties/7-world-trade-center|date=November 9, 2013}}</ref>

Construction of the memorial was completed by early 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/133957/wtc-memorial-to-have-limited-access-on-10th-anniversary |title=WTC Memorial To Have Limited Access On 10th Anniversary |date=February 14, 2011 |work=[[NY1]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513021332/http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/133957/wtc-memorial-to-have-limited-access-on-10th-anniversary|archive-date=May 13, 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=February 14, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/142057/port-authority--wtc-memorial-needs-another--3m-for-construction |title=Port Authority: WTC Memorial Needs Another $3M For Construction |date=June 30, 2011 |work=[[NY1]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110921162237/http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/142057/port-authority--wtc-memorial-needs-another--3m-for-construction|archive-date=September 21, 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=July 1, 2011}}</ref> The memorial opened on September 11, 2011, coinciding with the 10th anniversary of the attacks.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wtc.com/about/memorial-and-museum-schedule |title=Memorial & Museum, Schedule |year=2008 |publisher=Silverstein Properties}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ny1.com/content/911_tenth_anniversary/911_top_stories/146403/wtc-memorial-ready-for-public-unveiling |title=WTC Memorial Ready For Public Unveiling |last=Cuza |first=Bobby |date=September 5, 2011 |work=[[NY1]]|access-date=September 8, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110921173821/http://www.ny1.com/content/911_tenth_anniversary/911_top_stories/146403/wtc-memorial-ready-for-public-unveiling|archive-date=September 21, 2011}}</ref> The museum was initially scheduled to open on September 11, 2012, one year after the opening of the memorial.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/07/27/us/ground-zero-memorial-and-rebuilding-fast-facts/index.html |title=Ground Zero Memorial and Rebuilding Fast Facts |date=August 30, 2017 |work=CNN|access-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/some-question-9-11-memorials-60m-annual-cost/ |title=Some question 9/11 Memorial's $60M annual cost |last=Associated Press |date=September 10, 2012 |work=CBS News|access-date=October 27, 2017 |language=en}}</ref> However, construction was halted in December 2011 due to financial disputes between the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey and the National September 11 Memorial and Museum Foundation, deciding on who should be responsible for infrastructure costs. Those disputes were resolved and construction resumed on September 10, 2012.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-sept11-museum/deal-reached-to-resume-construction-on-september-11-museum-idUSBRE88A03V20120911 |title=Deal reached to resume construction on September 11 museum |date=September 11, 2012 |work=Reuters|access-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/11/nyregion/ground-zero-museum-to-resume-construction-as-cuomo-and-bloomberg-end-dispute.html |title=Ground Zero Museum to Resume Construction as Cuomo and Bloomberg End Dispute |last=Bagli |first=Charles V. |date=September 10, 2012 |work=The New York Times|access-date=October 27, 2017 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Further delays were caused when [[Hurricane Sandy]] significantly damaged the site in November 2012.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/03/nyregion/floodwater-pours-into-9-11-museum-hampering-further-work-on-the-site.html |title=Floodwater Pours Into 9/11 Museum, Hampering Further Work on the Site |last=DUNLAPDunlap|first=DAVIDDavid W. |date=November 2, 2012 |work=The New York Times|access-date=October 27, 2017 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The museum was completed and opened to families of the victims on May 15, 2014 and opened to the general public on May 21, 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.911memorial.org |title=National September 11 Memorial & Museum &#124; World Trade Center Memorial |date=December 7, 2011 |publisher=911memorial.org|access-date=December 11, 2011}}</ref>

A temporary PATH station opened in 2003 and construction on the permanent station was supposed to begin in fall 2004; however, the NYPD raised security concerns on the entire site. Among the revisions effecting the Transportation Hub was doubling the number of support columns.<ref name="Esquire Magazine" /> In the original plan, the construction of the 9/11 Memorial and Museum was only supposed to have begun after the Transportation Hub had been completed because the roof of the Transportation Hub provided the foundation on which the Memorial rested upon and the walls of the Museum.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.esquire.com/the-rebuilding/world-trade-center-memorial-0911 |title=The Truth About the World Trade Center |year=2011 |publisher=Esquire Magazine}}</ref> Due to the two-year delay and pressure by the victims' families to have the Memorial completed by the 10th anniversary, it was decided to concentrate on building the Memorial and holding off construction of the Transportation Hub,<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/393-08/mayor-bloomberg-new-plan-speed-rebuilding-world-trade-center-including-memorial- |title=Mayor Bloomberg Discusses New Plan to Speed Rebuilding of World Trade Center, Including Memorial, in Weekly Radio Address |date=October 5, 2008 |work=The official website of the City of New York |access-date=October 27, 2017 |archive-date=October 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027180559/http://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/393-08/mayor-bloomberg-new-plan-speed-rebuilding-world-trade-center-including-memorial- |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/03/nyregion/the-4-billion-train-station-at-the-world-trade-center.html |title=How Cost of Train Station at World Trade Center Swelled to $4 Billion |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=December 2, 2014 |work=The New York Times|access-date=October 27, 2017 |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> which increased costs.<ref name="Brenzel 2016">{{cite web |url=http://therealdeal.com/issues_articles/the-path-to-4-billion/ |title=The 'Path' to $4 billion |last=Brenzel |first=Kathryn |date=April 1, 2016 |website=The Real Deal New York|access-date=December 20, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> Construction finally began on the Transportation Hub in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.enr.com/articles/20535-port-authority-awards-largest-contract-yet-for-wtc-transit-hub |title=Port Authority Awards Largest Contract Yet For WTC Transit Hub |date=February 25, 2010 |website=ENR|access-date=December 19, 2016}}</ref> The hub formally opened on March 3, 2016, several years behind schedule and billions of dollars over budget.<ref>{{cite web | last=Lorenzetti | first=Laura | title=The World's Most Expensive Train Station Opens Today | website=Fortune | date=March 3, 2016 | url=http://fortune.com/2016/03/03/most-expensive-train-station/ | access-date=December 20, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Verrill | first=Courtney | title=New York City's $4 billion World Trade Center Transportation Hub is finally open to the public | website=Business Insider | date=March 4, 2016 | url=http://www.businessinsider.com/the-new-world-center-transportation-hub-2016-3 | access-date=December 20, 2016}}</ref>

{{#section:World Trade Center (2001–present)|pac}}<!--The content for this section can be edited at [[Performing Arts Center at the World Trade Center (2001–present)#Performing Arts Center]]-->

The World Trade Center site used the [[ZIP code]] 10048 before the September 11 attacks, and there were eight [[letter carrier]]s assigned to the buildings to deliver mail to the buildings' tenants.<ref>{{cite news |title='Not Deliverable';Mail still says 'One World Trade Center' |publisher=Newsday (New York) |date=February 4, 2003 |author=Olshan, Jeremy}}</ref> All of the Postal Service employees survived the attacks.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0110/02/lt.15.html |title=Post Office Holding Mail For World Trade Center |publisher=CNN |date=October 2, 2001 |access-date=March 19, 2007}} Note: transcript says "seven letter carriers".</ref> In the months following the September 11, 2001 attacks, over 80,000 pieces of mail continued to arrive each day addressed to the World Trade Center, including some items loosely addressed to such recipients as "The Search Dogs" or "The Rescuers".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.postalmuseum.si.edu/resources/6g8_WTC.html |title=Reestablishing Neighborhood Service |author=Pope, Nancy A. |publisher=National Postal Museum |access-date=March 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212083226/https://postalmuseum.si.edu/resources/6g8_WTC.html |archive-date=February 12, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> By 2003, 3,600 items of mail per day were still being sent to 10048.<ref name="haberman">{{cite news |title=Twilight Zone For ZIP Code At Ground Zero |newspaper=The New York Times |date=November 14, 2003 |author=Haberman, Clyde}}</ref> These items were processed at the [[James Farley Post Office|James A. Farley General Post Office]], the main facility for New York City, located across from [[Pennsylvania Station (New York City)|Penn Station]] in [[Midtown Manhattan]].<ref>{{cite news |title=WTC mail still goes through: The towers are gone, but the U.S. Postal Service has not abandoned its clients. Or the mail carriers who once served them. |author=Lagnado, Lucette |newspaper=The Ottawa Citizen |date=October 18, 2001}}</ref> Mail there was held for pick-up by [[bicycle messenger|messenger]], forwarded to the intended recipient, returned to its sender, or destroyed.<ref name="odell">{{cite news |title=...And the Mail Just Keeps Coming |publisher=Direct |date=January 1, 2007 |author=Odell, Patricia}}</ref>

The [[90 Church Street]] Station Post Office building is located adjacent to the new World Trade Center and the PATH station, and serves the ZIP code of 10007, which is assigned to the surrounding Tribeca neighborhood. The new World Trade Center does not use the ZIP code 10048; rather, it has been integrated within the existing 10007 ZIP code.<ref>{{cite web | firstfirst1=Liam La | lastlast1=La Guerre | last2=Persichetti | first2=Richard | title=One World Trade Center Won't Get an Exclusive Zip Code: USPS Officials | website=Commercial Observer | date=September 18, 2012 | url=https://commercialobserver.com/2012/09/the-vanity-zip/ | access-date=March 2, 2018}}</ref> The 10048 ZIP code was used again after the September 11, 2001 attacks for a pictorial [[Cancellation (mail)|cancellation]] commemorating the anniversary of the attacks.<ref>"'We will never forget': Special cancellation commemorates Sept. 11." United States Postal Service.</ref>

{{Portal|New York City|1990s}}

* [[Collapse of the World Trade Center]]

* [[Construction of One World Trade Center]]

* [[Health effects arising from the September 11 attacks]]

* [[Survivors' Staircase]]

* [[Barclay-Vesey Building|Verizon Building]]

* {{officialOfficial website|http://www.wtc.com}}

* [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/09/10/nyregion/2010-wtc.html?ref=multimedia Reviving Ground Zero] -– interactive slideshow with audio by ''[[The New York Times]]''

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050728030852/http://www.projectrebirth.org/ Project Rebirth] (archived 28 July 2005)

* [http://www.wtcrising.com World Trade Center Rising]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307194047/http://www.wtcrising.com/ |date=March 7, 2021 }}.

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090317032105/http://www.rebuildgroundzero.org/ RebuildGroundZero], a community project based on Ground Zero's rebuilding (archived 17 March 2009)

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