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{{Short description|Missile warning and defence system}}
[[File:SBIRS-Architecture.png|thumb|300px|Configuration of SBIRS systems: GEO, HEO and Low components.]]▼
{{
{{Use American English|date=February 2021}}
The '''Space-Based Infrared System (SBIRS)''' is a consolidated system intended to meet the [[United States]]' [[infrared]] space surveillance needs through the first two to three decades of the 21st century. The SBIRS program is designed to provide key capabilities in the areas of missile warning, [[missile defense]] and [[battlespace]] characterization via satellites in [[geosynchronous earth orbit]] (GEO), sensors hosted on satellites in [[Molniya orbit|highly elliptical orbit]] (HEO), and ground-based data processing and control. SBIRS ground software integrates infrared sensor programs of the [[U.S. Air Force]] (USAF) with new IR sensors. ▼
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
▲[[File:SBIRS-Architecture.png|thumb|
▲The '''Space-Based Infrared System''' ('''SBIRS
==Background==
Based on its experiences with the launching of short-range theater missiles by [[Iraq]] during the 1991 Persian [[Gulf War]], the [[United States Department of Defense|U.S. Department of Defense]] (
*the '''Advanced Warning System''' in the early 1980s
*the '''Boost Surveillance and Tracking System''' in the late 1980s
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According to the [[Government Accountability Office]] (GAO), these attempts failed due to immature technology, high cost, and affordability issues. SBIRS is to use more sophisticated infrared technologies than the DSP to enhance the detection of strategic and theater ballistic missile launches and the performance of the missile-tracking function.
The original contract consisted of 2 SBIRS HEO satellite sensors and 2-3 SBIRS GEO sensors (and satellites) with an option to buy a total of 5 GEOs. A complement of satellites in [[low
SBIRS continues to struggle with cost overruns,<ref>{{cite web
On
| The FY 2021 budget allocates US$2.5 billion to SBIRS for the [[United States Space Force]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Releases/Release/Article/2079489/dod-releases-fiscal-year-2021-budget-proposal/|title=DoD Releases Fiscal Year 2021 Budget Proposal|publisher=U.S. Department of Defense|date=10 February 2020|access-date=11 February 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
==SBIRS High==
[[File:SBIRS-GEO.jpg|thumb|
'''SBIRS High''' (also now simply referred to as "SBIRS") is to consist of four dedicated satellites operating in geosynchronous
The prime contractor for SBIRS is [[Lockheed Martin]], with [[Northrop Grumman]] as the major subcontractor.
It was feared that a further launch postponement into late 2011 would lead to conflict with the planned launches of [[NASA]]'s [[Juno (spacecraft)|Juno]] spacecraft and [[Mars Science Laboratory]], which
According to a Reuters report, the first two SBIRS GEO satellites started operations in 2013.<ref name=LM56>{{cite web
==SBIRS Low (Space Tracking and Surveillance System)==
[[File:SBIRS-Low.jpg|thumb|
The SBIRS Low contract is now managed by the [[Missile Defense Agency]] (MDA) and has been
===Original SBIRS Low===
The '''SBIRS Low''' program was originally expected to consist of about 24 satellites in low
*a scanning infrared sensor, designed to acquire ballistic missiles in the early stages of flight
*a tracking infrared sensor, designed to follow missiles, warheads, and other objects such as debris and decoys during the middle and later stages of flight. The tracking sensor would be cooled to very low temperatures.
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===Space Tracking and Surveillance System===
{{Main
In 2001, the Missile Defense Agency assessed the programs needed for a national ballistic missile defense system (BMDS) and found that they were lacking in the relatively new arena of space. The MDA decided to absorb the SBIRS Low constellation in its very early stages of development and renamed the program the [[Space Tracking and Surveillance System]] (STSS). This transition changed the direction of the program somewhat, but the overall mission remained the
==References==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*[http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO-01-6 Space-Based Infrared System Low at Risk of Missing Initial Deployment Date, U.S. General Accounting Office,
*[http://www.losangeles.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Article/734550/space-based-infrared-system-sbirs Fact Sheets
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090620111950/http://www.stratcom.mil/factsheets/tbmw/ Tactical Ballistic Missile Warning,
{{Lockheed Martin}}
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[[Category:Military space program of the United States]]
[[Category:Military satellites]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Early warning satellites]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched by Atlas rockets]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 2000s]]
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