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{{Short description|KGB/FSB general}}
{{Infobox spy
| name = Mikhail Barsukov
| image = Mikhail Barsukov.jpg
| caption =Barsukov in 1995
| allegiance = {{USSR}}<br />{{RUS}}
| service = [[KGB]]<br />[[Federal Security Service (Russia)|FSB]]
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| signature =
}}
'''Mikhail Ivanovich Barsukov''' ([[Russian language|Russian]]: Михаил Иванович Барсуков; born
==Early life and education==
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===Kremlin Regiment of the KGB===
Barsukov spent the majority of his career moving up through various officer ranks of the [[Kremlin Regiment]], a paramilitary KGB ([[Ninth Chief Directorate]]) force responsible for the security of the Soviet seat of
===Commandant of the Kremlin & Head of Main Administration for Protection (FSO)===
Barsukov career took a decisive upswing after the establishment of the Russian Federation and [[Boris Yeltsin]]'s ascent to power as the President of the newly formed country. Barsukov build a relationship with President Yeltsin through his bodyguard, [[Alexander Korzhakov]].<ref>[http://www.agentura.ru/dossier/russia/people/barsukov/ ''Barsukov Bio''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101219194157/http://www.agentura.ru/dossier/russia/people/barsukov/ |date=2010-12-19 }}, ''Agentura.ru''</ref> In December 1991, he was appointed the [[Commandant's Office of the Moscow Kremlin|Commandant of the Kremlin]], and in June 1992, Head of the [[Federal Protective Service (Russia)|Main Administration for the Protection of the Russian Federation (GUO)]].<ref>[http://c-society.ru/wind.php?ID=1394 ''Personnel Pages''], ''Institute for Social Progress and Local Self-Government''</ref>
The GUO replaced the Ninth Directorate of the KGB and took over its responsibility of protecting the country's leadership, a role somewhat analogous to the [[United States Secret Service|US Secret Service]]. Barsukov unequivocally pushed for the service's expansion, and he transformed the GUO into a more capable organization with a personnel increase of 50-100 percent, expanding on the Ninth Directorate's 10,000 person staff. At Barsukov's initiative in 1992, the GUO assumed responsibility for presidential communications, with GUO alone deciding who gets ATS-1 and ATS-2 hot lines.<ref>[http://www.systemaspetsnaz.com/federal_protector_service.htm ''Russian Special Operations Units: Federal Protective Service''], ''Systema Spetsnaz''</ref>
In 1993, Barsukov displayed loyalty to Yeltsin in the [[1993 Russian constitutional crisis]], when Yeltsin resorted to force in order to dissolve the Russian legislative body, the [[Supreme Soviet of Russia|Supreme Soviet]]. During the ten-day crisis, the [[Armed Forces of the Russian Federation|Russian Armed Forces]] and security services besieged the legislators by Presidential order. As head of the GUO, Barsukov helped organize the final assault on the Duma.<ref>[http://c-society.ru/wind.php?ID=1394 ''Personnel Pages''], ''Institute for Social Progress and Local Self-Government''</ref> Prior to the assault, Yeltsin transferred temporary control of the [[Alpha Group|Alpha]] and [[Vympel]] special units to Barsukov. Alpha and Vympel were the considered the top [[Spetsnaz]] units in Russia, and they subsequently led the assault. He personally ordered several of the defenders of the Supreme Soviet to the isolation cells at the infamous [[Lefortovo Prison]].<ref>[http://rusrazvedka.narod.ru/base/htm/barsm.html ''Intelligence Profile''], ''Russian Security Intelligence''</ref>
===FSB Director===
On 19 July 1995, President Yeltsin promoted Barsukov to the rank of Colonel General and appointed him as the head of the KGB's successor agency, the FSB.<ref>[http://persona.rin.ru/eng/view/f/0/15924/barsukov-mikhail-ivanovich Mikhail Barsukov Facts
While Barsukov's reign as the FSB chief lasted under one year, in this short time he managed to make several significant contributions to Russia's security. In the wake of [[Terrorism in Russia|Chechen terrorism]] related to the [[First Chechen War]], he established a Counter-Terrorist Center within the FSB's Department for the Protection of the Constitution and Counter-Terrorism. The Alpha unit made up the principal assault and hostage-rescue operational component of the new center.<ref>[Chelokhine, Serguei and Charles A. Lieberman. 2010. "Reforming Power Structures: Russian Counter-Terrorism Response To Beslan," in M.R. Haberfeld & Agostino von Hassell's A New Understanding of Terrorism: Case Studies, Trajectories and Lessons Learned (p. 252). New York: Springer.
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===Election Fraud Scandal & Firing from FSB===
On 19 June 1996, Yeltsin's re-election campaign managers [[Sergei Lisovsky]] and [[Arkady Yevstafyev]], were arrested while leaving the White House of Russia. This began the so-called Xerox Affair, where security agents detained the campaigners at the behest of Barsukov and Alexander Korzhakov, discovering $500,000 in a copy-paper box carried by one of the men.<ref>[http://www.engology.com/eng5borisyelsin.htm ''Boris Yeltsin Bio''] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130122044545/http://www.engology.com/eng5borisyelsin.htm |date=2013-01-22 }}, ''Engology.com''</ref> Eager to distance himself from a corruption investigation during the election campaign period, Yeltsin fired Barsukov and Korzhakov, along with their staunch ally First Deputy Prime Minister [[Oleg Soskovets]].<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3996/is_200410/ai_n9466386/pg_4/?tag=content;col1 ''Interview with Yuri Felshtinsky''], ''Article Directory''</ref> Deputy director of the FSB [[Nikolay Kovalyov (politician)|Nikolai Kovalyov]] replaced Barsukov, who had served less a year as the head of the agency.<ref>[https://fas.org/irp/world/russia/fsb/history.htm ''FSB History''], ''FAS.org''</ref> Barsukov remained jobless until the fall of 1997.<ref>[http://c-society.ru/wind.php?ID=1394 ''Personnel Pages''], ''Institute for Social Progress and Local Self-Government''</ref>
===Post-Intelligence Career===
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