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| name = Mikhail Barsukov
| image = Mikhail Barsukov.jpg
| caption =Barsukov in 1995
| allegiance = {{USSR}}<br />{{RUS}}
| service = [[KGB]]<br />[[Federal Security Service (Russia)|FSB]]
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'''Mikhail Ivanovich Barsukov''' ([[Russian language|Russian]]: Михаил Иванович Барсуков; born
==Early life and education==
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Barsukov career took a decisive upswing after the establishment of the Russian Federation and [[Boris Yeltsin]]'s ascent to power as the President of the newly formed country. Barsukov build a relationship with President Yeltsin through his bodyguard, [[Alexander Korzhakov]].<ref>[http://www.agentura.ru/dossier/russia/people/barsukov/ ''Barsukov Bio''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101219194157/http://www.agentura.ru/dossier/russia/people/barsukov/ |date=2010-12-19 }}, ''Agentura.ru''</ref> In December 1991, he was appointed the [[Commandant's Office of the Moscow Kremlin|Commandant of the Kremlin]], and in June 1992, Head of the [[Federal Protective Service (Russia)|Main Administration for the Protection of the Russian Federation (GUO)]].<ref>[http://c-society.ru/wind.php?ID=1394 ''Personnel Pages''], ''Institute for Social Progress and Local Self-Government''</ref>
The GUO replaced the Ninth Directorate of the KGB and took over its responsibility of protecting the country's leadership, a role somewhat analogous to the [[United States Secret Service|US Secret Service]]. Barsukov unequivocally pushed for the service's expansion, and he transformed the GUO into a more capable organization with a personnel increase of 50-100 percent, expanding on the Ninth Directorate's 10,000 person staff. At Barsukov's initiative in 1992, the GUO assumed responsibility for presidential communications, with GUO alone deciding who gets ATS-1 and ATS-2 hot lines.<ref>[http://www.systemaspetsnaz.com/federal_protector_service.htm ''Russian Special Operations Units: Federal Protective Service''], ''Systema Spetsnaz''</ref>
In 1993, Barsukov displayed loyalty to Yeltsin in the [[1993 Russian constitutional crisis]], when Yeltsin resorted to force in order to dissolve the Russian legislative body, the [[Supreme Soviet of Russia|Supreme Soviet]]. During the ten-day crisis, the [[Armed Forces of the Russian Federation|Russian Armed Forces]] and security services besieged the legislators by Presidential order. As head of the GUO, Barsukov helped organize the final assault on the Duma.<ref>[http://c-society.ru/wind.php?ID=1394 ''Personnel Pages''], ''Institute for Social Progress and Local Self-Government''</ref> Prior to the assault, Yeltsin transferred temporary control of the [[Alpha Group|Alpha]] and [[Vympel]] special units to Barsukov. Alpha and Vympel were the considered the top [[Spetsnaz]] units in Russia, and they subsequently led the assault. He personally ordered several of the defenders of the Supreme Soviet to the isolation cells at the infamous [[Lefortovo Prison]].<ref>[http://rusrazvedka.narod.ru/base/htm/barsm.html ''Intelligence Profile''], ''Russian Security Intelligence''</ref>
===FSB Director===
On 19 July 1995, President Yeltsin promoted Barsukov to the rank of Colonel General and appointed him as the head of the KGB's successor agency, the FSB.<ref>[http://persona.rin.ru/eng/view/f/0/15924/barsukov-mikhail-ivanovich Mikhail Barsukov Facts
While Barsukov's reign as the FSB chief lasted under one year, in this short time he managed to make several significant contributions to Russia's security. In the wake of [[Terrorism in Russia|Chechen terrorism]] related to the [[First Chechen War]], he established a Counter-Terrorist Center within the FSB's Department for the Protection of the Constitution and Counter-Terrorism. The Alpha unit made up the principal assault and hostage-rescue operational component of the new center.<ref>[Chelokhine, Serguei and Charles A. Lieberman. 2010. "Reforming Power Structures: Russian Counter-Terrorism Response To Beslan," in M.R. Haberfeld & Agostino von Hassell's A New Understanding of Terrorism: Case Studies, Trajectories and Lessons Learned (p. 252). New York: Springer.
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