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{{Short description|Species of grass}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Agrostis Wuchs.jpg
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="
|
| synonyms_ref = <ref name= plants>
| synonyms = {{collapsible list|
▲| species = '''''A. stolonifera'''''
▲| binomial_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]], 1753
▲| synonyms_ref=<ref name= plants>[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=AGST2 PLANTS Profile for ''Agrostis stolonifera''] Retrieved 2010-03-16.</ref>
*''Agrostis adscendens'' <small>Lange</small>
*''Agrostis alba'' <small>L.</small> var. ''palustris'' <small>([[William Hudson (botanist)|Huds.]]) [[Christiaan Hendrik Persoon|Pers.]]</small>
*''Agrostis alba'' <small>L.</small> var. ''stolonifera'' <small>(L.) [[James Edward Smith (botanist)|Sm.]]</small>
*''Agrostis capillaris'' <small>Pollich</small>
*''Agrostis filifolia'' <small>Link</small>
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*''Agrostis stolonifera'' <small>L.</small> var. ''palustris'' <small>(Huds.) [[Farw.]]</small>
*''Agrostis stolonizans'' <small>Schult. & Schult. f.</small>
*''Agrostis straminea'' <small>Hartm.</small>
*''Agrostis zerovii'' <small>Klokov</small>
}}}}
'''''Agrostis stolonifera''''' ('''creeping bentgrass''', '''creeping bent''', '''fiorin''', '''spreading bent'''
==Description==
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==Distribution==
It can be found growing in a variety of habitats including woodlands,
It is a constituent of wet habitats such as marshy grasslands. Some of its species{{Clarify|date=December 2023|reason=The article is about a species, not a genus}}have adapted to contaminated conditions and can cope with heavy metals. It can exist up to {{convert|2500|ft}}.<ref>{{cite book |author =C. E. Hubbard |author-link =Charles Edward Hubbard |year=1978 |title=Grasses |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |isbn=9780140132274}}</ref>
==Cultivation==
It is the most commonly used species of ''[[Agrostis]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://delta-intkey.com/grass/www/agrostis.htm |title=The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references |
==Transgenic varieties==
In the 1990s, [[Scotts Miracle-Gro]] and [[Monsanto]] led early work in creeping bentgrass transgenics looked at [[glyphosate]]-resistance. However, due to easy wind pollination, seeds were accidentally dispersed from an experimental farm in Oregon in 2003. Scotts Miracle-Gro was fined $500,000 as a result.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Notarianni |first1=John |title=How A Botched Experiment Sent GMO Grass Creeping Across Oregon |url=https://www.opb.org/news/article/gmo-grass-oregon-creeping-bent-scotts-monsanto/ |access-date=29 November 2022 |publisher=OPB |date=July 21, 2018}}</ref> In 2017, the [[USDA]] agreed not to regulate it at Scotts request, which meant that Scotts "will no longer be legally required to pay to clean up the grass after 2017, though it has promised to do so."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Main |first1=Douglas |title=USDA Agrees to Not Regulate Genetically Modified Grass On the Loose In Oregon |url=https://www.newsweek.com/usda-agrees-not-regulate-gmo-grass-loose-oregon-550942 |access-date=29 November 2022 |date=January 17, 2017}}</ref> A 2004 gene flow study (with scientific sampling methods) documents gene flow on a landscape level, with a maximum at {{convert|21|km}} and {{convert|14|km|abbr=on}} (respectively) in ''sentinel'' and ''resident plants'' observed by scientist, located in primarily nonagronomic places such as irrigation ditches.<ref name=AStolonifPollens2004>{{cite journal|author=Lidia S. Watrud |author2=E. Henry Lee |author3=Anne Fairbrother |author4=Connie Burdick |author5=Jay R. Reichman |author6=Mike Bollman |author7=Marjorie Storm |author8=George King |author9=Peter K. Van de Water |name-list-style=amp |title=Evidence for landscape-level, pollen-mediated gene flow from genetically modified creeping bentgrass with ''CP4 EPSPS'' as a marker |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]] |volume=101 |issue=40 |pages=14533–14538 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0405154101 |bibcode=2004PNAS..10114533W |pmid=15448206 |pmc=521937 |year=2004 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
The transgenic creeping bentgrass (Penn A-4 ) overexpressing Avp1 shows improved resistance to salinity stress compared to wild-type controls. The improved performance of the transgenic plants was associated with higher relative water content, higher sodium uptake and lower solute leakage in leaf tissues, with higher concentrations of Na+, K+, Cl- and total phosphorus in root tissues, and with higher auxin accumulation rate in the root tissue. This transgenic plant can survive in the presence of 1.7% sodium chloride (half seawater salinity concentration), while the non transgenic line and wild type plants cannot.<ref>ZHIGANG LI, Christian M. Baldwin, Qian Hu, Haibo Liu, Hong Luo (2010). Heterologous Expression of Arabidopsis H+-PPase Enhances Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.). Plant, Cell and Environ, Volume 33 Issue 2, P. 272–289.</ref>▼
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==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q163963}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Agrostis|stolonifera]]
[[Category:Flora of Europe]]▼
[[Category:Flora of Asia]]
▲[[Category:Flora of Europe]]
[[Category:Flora of North Africa]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]▼
[[Category:Lawn grasses]]▼
[[Category:Flora of Western Asia]]
▲[[Category:Lawn grasses]]
▲[[Category:Plants described in 1753]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
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