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{{Short description|none}} <!-- This short description is INTENTIONALLY "none" - please see WP:SDNONE before you consider changing it! -->
The [[Human Rights Measurement Initiative]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Human Rights Measurement Initiative – The first global initiative to track the human rights performance of countries |url=https://humanrightsmeasurement.org/ |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=humanrightsmeasurement.org}}</ref> gives Vietnam a score of 4.4 out of 10 on the right to freedom from the death penalty, based on responses from human rights experts in the country.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vietnam - HRMI Rights Tracker |url=https://rightstracker.org/ |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=rightstracker.org |language=en}}</ref> These experts have also identified that certain groups, such as migrants and/or immigrants, people with low social or economic status, and refugees or asylum seekers are particularly at risk of having their right to freedom from the death penalty violated. In 2020, these experts additionally identified "those involved in land disputes, particularly those involved with the [[2017 Hanoi hostage crisis|Dong Tam Village attack]]" and "detainees or prisoners, particularly those convicted for drug offences or robberies", as being especially vulnerable to death penalty executions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vietnam - HRMI Rights Tracker |url=https://rightstracker.org/ |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=rightstracker.org |language=en}}</ref>
==Characteristics==
Twenty-nine articles in the [[Penal Code of Vietnam|Penal Code]] allow the death penalty as an optional punishment. Executions were once carried out by a [[firing squad]] of seven [[police officer]]s, where the prisoners were blindfolded and tied to stakes. The firing squad was replaced by [[lethal injection]] in November 2011 after the Law on Execution of Criminal Judgments (in article 59(1)) was passed by the [[National Assembly of Vietnam]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Firing squad replaced by lethal injection|url=http://vietnamnews.vnagency.com.vn/Social-Isssues/215697/Firing-squad-replaced-by-lethal-injection-.html|publisher=Viet Nam News|access-date=10 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=No: 53/2010/QH12 - Execution of criminal judgments|url=http://vbqppl.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/en/Lists/Vn%20bn%20php%20lut/View_Detail.aspx?ItemID=10484|publisher=Misistry of Justice|access-date=11 October 2011}}{{dead link|date=November 2016|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> The drugs used to execute prisoners are produced domestically.<ref name="Diplomat"/> The first execution conducted by lethal injection was of Nguyen Anh Tuan, convicted of [[Murder|murdering]] gas station employee Bui Thi Nguyet on August 6, 2013. <ref>{{cite news|last1=Ha|first1=Le|title=First death row inmate executed by lethal injection|url=http://english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/society/81030/first-death-row-inmate-executed-by-lethal-injection.html|access-date=31 March 2018|archive-date=28 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128203449/http://english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/society/81030/first-death-row-inmate-executed-by-lethal-injection.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In November 2015, a revision of the Penal Code was passed that severely curtailed the death penalty. Under the new regulations, which took effect on July 1, 2016, the death penalty was abolished for seven crimes: surrendering to the enemy, opposing order, destruction of projects of national security importance, robbery, drug possession, drug appropriation, and the production and trade of fake food. In addition, those 75 or older are exempt, and officials convicted of corruption charges can be spared if they pay back at least 75% of the profits they illicitly obtained.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/world/vietnam-passes-law-abolishing-death-penalty-for-7-crimes_1827164.html|title=Vietnam passes law abolishing death penalty for 7 crimes|date=27 November 2015}}</ref>
The death penalty cannot be applied to [[juvenile crime|juvenile offenders]], pregnant women, and women nursing children under 36 months old at the time the crime was committed or being tried. These cases are [[commutation of sentence|commuted]] to [[life imprisonment]].<ref name="Penal Code">{{cite web|title=Penal Code (No. 15/1999/QH10) |url=http://vbqppl.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/en/_layouts/printeng.aspx?id=610 |publisher=Ministry of Justice |access-date=10 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002004440/http://vbqppl.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/en/_layouts/printeng.aspx?id=610 |archive-date=2 October 2013 }}</ref>
Between August 6, 2013 and June 30, 2016, Vietnam executed 429 people.<ref name="Diplomat" >{{cite magazine |magazine=[[The Diplomat]] |title=Beware Vietnam's Death Machine |first=David |last=Hutt |date=April 20, 2017 |access-date=April 20, 2017 |url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/04/beware-vietnams-death-machine/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421012041/https://thediplomat.com/2017/04/beware-vietnams-death-machine/ |archive-date=April 21, 2017}}</ref> 1,134 people were sentenced to death between July 2011 and June 2016.<ref name="Diplomat"/> The number of individuals on [[death row]] is not known.<ref name="Diplomat"/>
==Crimes carrying capital punishment in Vietnam==
According to the Penal Code, the following chapters contain the relevant articles that apply to capital punishment.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Penal Code Articles with Capital Punishment<ref name="Penal Code" />
! Chapters!!Articles
|-
| XIII - Crimes of Infringing Upon National Security || 108, 109, 110, 112, 113, 114, 115
|-
| XIV - Crimes of Infringing Upon Human Life, Health, Dignity and Honor || 123, 141, 142
|-
| XV - Crimes of Infringing Upon Citizens' Democratic Freedoms || None
|-
| XVI - Crimes of Infringing Upon Ownership Rights || 168, 174
|-
| XVII - Crimes of Infringing Upon the Marriage and Family Regimes || None
|-
| XVIII - Crimes of Infringing Upon the Economic Management Order || 188, 190, 203
|-
| XIX - Environment-related Crimes || None
|-
| XX - Narcotics-related Crimes || 248, 249, 252
|-
| XXI - Crimes of Infringement Upon Public Safety, Public Order || 282, 299
|-
| XXII - Crimes of Infringing Upon Administrative Management Order || None
|-
| XXIII - Crimes Relating to Position || 353, 354, 364
|-
| XXIV - Crimes of Infringing Upon Judicial Activities || None
|-
| XXV - Crimes of Infringing Upon the Duties and Responsibilities of Army Personnel || 395, 399, 401
|-
| XXVI - Crimes of Undermining Peace, Against Humanity and War Crimes || 421, 422, 423
|}
== See also ==
*[[Crime in Vietnam]]
*[[Law of Vietnam]]
*[[Lê Thanh Vân]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
Penal Code No. 100/2015/QH13
==Sources==
*[http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/shooting.html capitalpunishmentuk]
{{capital punishment}}
{{Asia in topic|Capital punishment in}}
[[Category:Capital punishment by country|Vietnam]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Law of Vietnam]]
[[Category:Human rights abuses in Vietnam]]
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