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Line 2: {{coord\|59.957222\|30.350833\|type:edu\|display=title}} [[File:Vma by Bulla.jpg\|thumb\|The Imperial Military Medical Academy in 1914 (as photographed by [[Karl Bulla]])]] The '''S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy''' ({{lang-ru\|Военно-медицинская академия имени С. М. Кирова\|Voyenno-meditsinskaya akademiya imeni S. M. Kirova}}) is ~~the~~a [[higher ~~oldest~~education ~~school~~institution]] of [[military medicine]] in [[Saint Petersburg]] and the [[Russian Federation]]. Senior medical staff are trained for the Armed Forces and conduct research in military medical services. ==History== ===Origins=== The origins of the academy go back to the years of [[Peter the Great]]. In 1715, by the Tsar's order the Admiralty Hospital in the [[Vyborg]] Side of [[Saint Petersburg]] was founded. In 1717 next to in the Land Military Hospital was opened. Since 1773 surgical schools attached to both hospitals were operating. In 1786, those schools were consolidated into the Main Medical College. It became the principal training center for army and fleet physicians.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.vmeda-mil.ru/istoria_akadem.html \|title=~~Archived~~Историческая ~~copy~~справка об Академии \|access-date=2015-05-08 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024070739/http://www.vmeda-mil.ru/istoria_akadem.html \|archive-date=2015-10-24 ~~\|df=~~ }}</ref> === Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy === [[File:James Wylie by Zichi.jpg\|140px\|thumb\|left\|[[Sir James Wylie, 1st Baronet\|Sir James Wylie Bt]]]] Unofficially, the year 1714 is considered the foundation year of the academy. The Medical and Surgical Academy was established by the order of [[Paul I of Russia\|Emperor Paul I]] of 18/29 December 1798 on the initiative of [[Baron Alexei Vasilyev]] ([[:ru:Васильев, Алексей Иванович\|ru]]), General Director of the Medical College~~. At the same time a [[Neoclassical building]] for the Academy was designed by [[Antonio Porta (architector)\|Antonio Porta]]~~. It was decorated with a set of panel paintings by [[Giuseppe Bernasconi]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.encspb.ru/object/2855732460?dv=2853872336&lc=ru\|title=Энциклопедия Санкт-Петербурга\|website=www.encspb.ru\|~~accessdate~~access-date=21 November 2017}}</ref> ~~Ranked as one of the best educational institutions in the Russian Empire, it~~It was known as the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy from 1808. According to the order of [[Alexander I of Russia\|Emperor Alexander I]], a member of the Medical and Surgical Academy had the rights, liabilities, and benefits of a member of the Academy of Sciences. [[File:PGRS 2 071 Pirogov - crop.jpg\|140px\|thumb\|right\|[[Nikolay Pirogov]]]] [[Sir James Wylie, 1st Baronet\|Sir James Wylie]], a Scottish [[baronet]], managed the academy between 1808 and 1838. His contributions have been commemorated with a monument which stood in front of the academy until the [[October Revolution~~]]. The monument was designed in 1859 by [[David Jensen (sculptor)\|David Jensen~~]]. It was later relocated and replaced with a statue of [[Hygieia]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://pda.regnum.ru/news/1192540.html\|title=Бронзовый рельеф, украденный с памятника Якову Виллие, будет возвращен городу (Санкт-Петербург) - ИА REGNUM\|~~publisher=\|accessdate~~access-date=21 November 2017}}</ref> In 19th century the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy played a major role in the development of Russian natural science and medicine. In 1840 — 1856 one of its professors was [[Nikolay Pirogov]], considered the founder of field surgery. Since 1861 [[Sergey Botkin]], one of Pirogov's disciples, worked at the Academy. He is considered one of the founders of modern Russian medical science and education. Botkin introduced [[triage]], [[pathological anatomy]], and [[post mortem]] diagnostics into Russian medical practice. === Imperial Military Medical Academy === [[File:Repin SechenovIM.jpg\|140px\|thumb\|left\|[[Ivan Sechenov]]]] In 1881, the ~~Academy~~academy's official name was changed into the Imperial Military Medical Academy. In[[Ivan ~~the~~Romanovich ~~late~~Tarkhanov]] ~~19th~~conducted ~~century,~~some ~~its~~experiments ~~physiology~~there. In ~~laboratory~~1890–1901, ~~founded~~the byacademy's president was [[~~Ivan~~Viktor ~~Sechenov~~Pashutin]], ~~was~~one atof the ~~forefront~~founders of ~~medical~~the ~~research~~[[pathophysiology\|pathophysiologic]] school in [[Russia]] and of pathophysiology as an independent scientific discipline. The Nobel-prize winning physiologist [[Ivan ~~Romanovich Tarkhanov~~Pavlov]] ~~conducted~~graduated ~~some~~from ~~important~~the ~~experiments~~academy ~~there~~in 1879. Since 1895 he headed Department of Physiology at the academy for three decades. [[File:Ivan Pavlov NLM3.jpg\|140px\|thumb\|right\|[[Ivan Pavlov]]]]▼ In ~~1904 — 1924~~1904–1924, [[Nikolai Kravkov]], the founder of Russian national school of pharmacologists, headed the ~~Academy~~academy's Department of Pharmacology. In 1903–1936, one of the academy's professors was [[Sergei Fyodorov (surgeon)\|Sergey Fedorov]].▼ The academy was also among the pioneers of medical [[education for women]], launching the courses for nurse-midwives in 1872.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://ens.mil.ru/education/classifieds/more.htm?id=11923260@cmsArticle\|title=Приветственное слово начальника Военно-медицинской академии имени С.М. Кирова заслуженного врача Российской Федерации, доктора медицинских наук, профессора,генерал-майор медицинской службы Андрея Николаевича Бельских абитуриентам : Министерство обороны Российской Федерации\|website=ens.mil.ru\|~~accessdate~~access-date=21 November 2017}}</ref> [[Nadezhda Suslova]], the first female physician in Russia, attended Sechenov's classes at the academy~~. A school of [[gymnastics]] (now the Military Institute of Physical Culture) was launched in 1909~~.▼ In 1890 — 1901 the Academy's President was [[Viktor Pashutin]], one of the founders of the [[pathophysiology\|pathophysiologic]] school in [[Russia]] and of pathophysiology as an independent scientific discipline. ===S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy===▼ ~~The Nobel-prize winning physiologist [[Ivan Pavlov]] graduated from the Academy in 1879 with Gold Medal award. Since 1895 he headed Department of Physiology at the Academy for three decades.~~ After [[Sergey Kirov]]'s assassination in 1934, the academy received his name. [[Leon Orbeli]], one of Pavlov's disciples, led the academy in 1943–1950. In 1956, S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy was united with the Naval Medical Academy established on the basis of Obukhovskaya Hospital and the Third Leningrad Medical Institute in 1940. The academy had six faculties, 61 departments, 30 clinics, 16 research laboratories, and two research centres in 2002.▼ ▲[[File:Ivan Pavlov NLM3.jpg\|140px\|thumb\|right\|[[Ivan Pavlov]]]] ▲In 1904 — 1924 [[Nikolai Kravkov]], the founder of Russian national school of pharmacologists, headed the Academy's Department of Pharmacology. Late in 2011, minister of defense [[Anatoliy Serdyukov]] declared his intention to move the academy from the ~~historical~~ centre of Saint Petersburg to one of its suburbs. This decision was overturned after Serdyukov had been sacked.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.rg.ru/2012/11/13/akademia-site.html\|title=Сергей Шойгу приостановил переезд Военно-медицинской академии\|date=14 November 2012\|~~publisher=\|accessdate~~access-date=21 November 2017}}</ref> [[File:Russian Medical Military Academy in SPB.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|The campus on the bank of the [[Neva River]]]]▼ ~~In 1903 — 1936 one of the Academy's professors was [[Sergey Fedorov]], the founder of the largest national school of surgery and «the father of Russian urology».~~ Graduates are commissioned as officers with medical doctor credentials. ▲The academy was also among the pioneers of medical [[education for women]], launching the courses for nurse-midwives in 1872.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://ens.mil.ru/education/classifieds/more.htm?id=11923260@cmsArticle\|title=Приветственное слово начальника Военно-медицинской академии имени С.М. Кирова заслуженного врача Российской Федерации, доктора медицинских наук, профессора,генерал-майор медицинской службы Андрея Николаевича Бельских абитуриентам : Министерство обороны Российской Федерации\|website=ens.mil.ru\|accessdate=21 November 2017}}</ref> [[Nadezhda Suslova]], the first female physician in Russia, attended Sechenov's classes at the academy. A school of [[gymnastics]] (now the Military Institute of Physical Culture) was launched in 1909. ==Structure== ▲===S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy=== The academy has the following faculties: ~~After [[Sergey Kirov]]'s assassination in 1934, the Academy received his name. [[Leon Orbeli]], one of Pavlov's disciples, led the Academy in 1943 — 1950.~~ Faculty of Management Faculty of Training of Doctors (for the [[Strategic Missile Forces]] and [[Russian Ground Forces]]) Faculty of Physician Training (for [[Russian Aerospace Forces]]) Faculty of Physician Training (for the [[Russian Navy]]) Faculty of the Training of Foreign Doctors Faculty of Training of Professional Doctors Faculty of Training for Civilian Specialists Faculty of Secondary Vocational Education [[File:VMEDA.svg\|thumb\|The shoulder patch of the academy.]] The educational bases of the branch are: * Educational and laboratory building * Main Military Clinical Hospital named after N. N. Burdenko * Branch of the hospital * 3rd Central Exhibition Hall Branch No. 1 Branch No. 2 ** Branch No. 6 * 2nd Central Military Hospital named after P. Mandryka * Treatment and Rehabilitation Clinical Center * 9th Diagnostic and Treatment Center * Moscow Regional Ambulance Station Since 1 September 2015, it has been working as a branch of the Institute for the Advancement of Doctors of the Ministry of Defense. 63 departments (28 military, 35 civilian), of which 31 are clinical, 17 are surgical, and 14 are therapeutic. ===Support units=== ▲In 1956 S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy was united with the Naval Medical Academy established on the basis of Obukhovskaya Hospital and the Third Leningrad Medical Institute in 1940. The academy had six faculties, 61 departments, 30 clinics, 16 research laboratories, and two research centres in 2002. There are three support units * Base – The academy's clinical base has a staff capacity of 2,616 beds and is represented by 16 surgical clinics (including 7 general and 9 specialized clinics). * Editorial office – Since November 4, 1958, the academy has been publishing the large-circulation newspaper Military Doctor, since 1999 the quarterly journal Vestnik of the Russian Military Medical Academy, and since 2016, Izvestia of the Russian Military Medical Academy. * [[Russian military bands\|Military Band]] – The band of the Military Medical Academy is the official marching band of the academy. The band took part in many celebrations held by the administrations of the city of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Oblast. In the Soviet era, the band won multiple prizes during the All-Union Competition. It is an annual participant in the [[Victory Day Parade]] on 9 May, a parade in honor of the lifting of the [[Siege of Leningrad]], as well as the celebrations of the Day of the city, [[Paratroopers' Day]] and [[Alexander Nevsky]] Day. Musicians of the band have notably participated in the filming of historical films and military-historical reconstructions.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://vmedork.org/?page_id=17\|title=Об оркестре — Военный оркестр Военно-медицинской академии им. С. М. Кирова\|date=March 2020 }}</ref> In 2019, the band, led by conductor Lieutenant Cololonel Mikhail Nikolaev, participated in the [[Spasskaya Tower Military Music Festival and Tattoo]] on [[Red Square]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.vmeda.org/orkestr-voenno-medicinskoj-akademii-luchshij-v-vooruzhennyx-silax-rossijskoj-federacii/\|title = Оркестр Военно-медицинской академии лучший в Вооруженных силах Российской Федерации\|date = 4 September 2019}}</ref> In 2016, 11 territorial retraining and advanced training courses for paramedical personnel were opened in [[Vladivostok]], [[Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai\|Chita]], [[Novosibirsk]], [[Yekaterinburg]], [[Samara]], [[Rostov-on-Don]], [[Sevastopol]], [[Kaliningrad]], [[Severomorsk]], [[Podolsk]] and [[Moscow]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://function.mil.ru/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12101562@egNews\|title=11 региональных курсов подготовки среднего медперсонала для Российской Армии открылось в 2016 году\|publisher=Министерство обороны Российской Федерации\|access-date=2020-03-19}}</ref> ▲Late in 2011, minister of defense [[Anatoliy Serdyukov]] declared his intention to move the academy from the historical centre of Saint Petersburg to one of its suburbs. This decision was overturned after Serdyukov had been sacked.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.rg.ru/2012/11/13/akademia-site.html\|title=Сергей Шойгу приостановил переезд Военно-медицинской академии\|date=14 November 2012\|publisher=\|accessdate=21 November 2017}}</ref> [[File:Russian Medical Military Academy in SPB.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|The campus on the bank of the [[Neva River]]]] ==Awards== By contemporary standards, it is a full-scale medical school complete with a network of teaching and research clinics and affiliated hospitals. Graduates are commissioned as officers with medical doctor credentials. The institution also provides advanced training for mid-career military medical doctors and trains graduate students on the [[Doctor of Philosophy\|Ph.D.]] level. * [[Order of Lenin]] (1954) * [[Order of the Red Banner]] (1968) * Battle Order "For Merit to the People and the Fatherland" ([[German Democratic Republic]]) (1974)<ref name=":0">{{cite book\| title = Учебная и научная база Военно-медицинской академии: сборник \| agency = под ред. А.Б. Белевитина \|location= СПб \|date = 2008 \|publisher= ЭЛБИ-СПб \| pages = 41\| isbn = 978-5-93979-214-1}}</ref> * [[Order of the Red Banner (Mongolia)\|Order of the Red Banner]] ([[People's Republic of Mongolia]]) (1978)<ref name=":0" /> * [[Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland]] ([[Polish People's Republic]]) (1986)<ref name=":0" /> * [[Military Exploit Order]] ([[Vietnam]]) (1988)<ref name=":0" /> * Order "Friendship of Peoples" 1st degree ([[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan]]) (1989)<ref name=":0" /> * Order of [[Antonio Maceo Grajales\|Antonio Maceo]] ([[Cuba]]) (1992)<ref name=":0" /> ==Notable alumni== {{See also\|Category:S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy alumni}} * [[Nikolay Anichkov]] (1885–1964) * [[Boris Babkin]] (1877–1950) Line 61 ⟶ 97: * [[Nikolai Kurochkin]] (1830–1884) * [[Peter Lesgaft]] (1837–1909) * [[Artur Lossmann]] (1877–1972) * [[Alexander A. Maximow\|Alexander Maximow]] (1874–1928) * [[Mamia Orakhelashvili]] (1881–1937) Line 75 ⟶ 112: * [[Vasily Vorontsov]] (1847–1918) * [[Konrad Wagner]] (1862–1948) * [[~~Jacob~~Jakub Wygodzki]] (1856–1941) * See also [[:ru:Категория:Выпускники Военно-медицинской академии]] ==See also== Line 94 ⟶ 130: [[Category:Educational institutions established in 1798]] [[Category:Military academies of Russia]] [[Category:Military academies of the Soviet ~~Ground Forces~~Army]] [[Category:Military medicine in Russia]] [[Category:Military medicine in the Soviet Union]] [[Category:Medical schools in Russia]] [[Category:Universities in Saint Petersburg]] [[Category:Cultural heritage monuments of federal significance in Saint Petersburg]]