S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy: Difference between revisions

The '''S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy''' ({{lang-ru|Военно-медицинская академия имени С. М. Кирова|Voyenno-meditsinskaya akademiya imeni S. M. Kirova}}) is thea [[higher oldesteducation schoolinstitution]] of [[military medicine]] in [[Saint Petersburg]] and the [[Russian Federation]]. Senior medical staff are trained for the Armed Forces and conduct research in military medical services.

The origins of the academy go back to the years of [[Peter the Great]]. In 1715, by the Tsar's order the Admiralty Hospital in the [[Vyborg]] Side of [[Saint Petersburg]] was founded. In 1717 next to in the Land Military Hospital was opened. Since 1773 surgical schools attached to both hospitals were operating. In 1786, those schools were consolidated into the Main Medical College. It became the principal training center for army and fleet physicians.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vmeda-mil.ru/istoria_akadem.html |title=ArchivedИсторическая copyсправка об Академии |access-date=2015-05-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024070739/http://www.vmeda-mil.ru/istoria_akadem.html |archive-date=2015-10-24 }}</ref>

Unofficially, the year 1714 is considered the foundation year of the academy. The Medical and Surgical Academy was established by the order of [[Paul I of Russia|Emperor Paul I]] of 18/29 December 1798 on the initiative of [[Baron Alexei Vasilyev]] ([[:ru:Васильев, Алексей Иванович|ru]]), General Director of the Medical College. At the same time a [[Neoclassical building]] for the Academy was designed by [[Antonio Porta (architector)|Antonio Porta]]. It was decorated with a set of panel paintings by [[Giuseppe Bernasconi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.encspb.ru/object/2855732460?dv=2853872336&lc=ru|title=Энциклопедия Санкт-Петербурга|website=www.encspb.ru|access-date=21 November 2017}}</ref>

Ranked as one of the best educational institutions in the Russian Empire, itIt was known as the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy from 1808. According to the order of [[Alexander I of Russia|Emperor Alexander I]], a member of the Medical and Surgical Academy had the rights, liabilities, and benefits of a member of the Academy of Sciences.

[[Sir James Wylie, 1st Baronet|Sir James Wylie]], a Scottish [[baronet]], managed the academy between 1808 and 1838. His contributions have been commemorated with a monument which stood in front of the academy until the [[October Revolution]]. The monument was designed in 1859 by [[David Jensen (sculptor)|David Jensen]]. It was later relocated and replaced with a statue of [[Hygieia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pda.regnum.ru/news/1192540.html|title=Бронзовый рельеф, украденный с памятника Якову Виллие, будет возвращен городу (Санкт-Петербург) - ИА REGNUM|access-date=21 November 2017}}</ref>

In 1881, the Academyacademy's official name was changed into the Imperial Military Medical Academy. In[[Ivan theRomanovich lateTarkhanov]] 19thconducted century,some itsexperiments physiologythere. In laboratory1890–1901, foundedthe byacademy's president was [[IvanViktor SechenovPashutin]], wasone atof the forefrontfounders of medicalthe research[[pathophysiology|pathophysiologic]] school in [[Russia]] and of pathophysiology as an independent scientific discipline. The Nobel-prize winning physiologist [[Ivan Romanovich TarkhanovPavlov]] conductedgraduated somefrom importantthe experimentsacademy therein 1879. Since 1895 he headed Department of Physiology at the academy for three decades.

In 1904 — 19241904–1924, [[Nikolai Kravkov]], the founder of Russian national school of pharmacologists, headed the Academyacademy's Department of Pharmacology. In 1903–1936, one of the academy's professors was [[Sergei Fyodorov (surgeon)|Sergey Fedorov]].

After [[Sergey Kirov]]'s assassination in 1934, the Academyacademy received his name. [[Leon Orbeli]], one of Pavlov's disciples, led the academy in 1943–1950. In 1956, S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy was united with the Naval Medical Academy established on the basis of Obukhovskaya Hospital and the Third Leningrad Medical Institute in 19431940. —The academy had six faculties, 61 departments, 30 clinics, 16 research laboratories, and two research centres in 19502002.

Late in 2011, minister of defense [[Anatoliy Serdyukov]] declared his intention to move the academy from the historical centre of Saint Petersburg to one of its suburbs. This decision was overturned after Serdyukov had been sacked.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rg.ru/2012/11/13/akademia-site.html|title=Сергей Шойгу приостановил переезд Военно-медицинской академии|date=14 November 2012|access-date=21 November 2017}}</ref> [[File:Russian Medical Military Academy in SPB.jpg|thumb|300px|The campus on the bank of the [[Neva River]]]]

The acafemyacademy has the following faculties:

[[File:Mo narznaki94 1VMEDA.pngsvg|thumb|The shoulder patch of the academy.]]

* Base – The academy’sacademy's clinical base has a staff capacity of 2,616 beds and is represented by 16 surgical clinics (including 7 general and 9 specialized clinics).

* Editorial office – Since November 4, 1958, the Academyacademy has been publishing the large-circulation newspaper Military Doctor, since 1999 the quarterly journal Vestnik of the Russian Military Medical Academy, and since 2016, Izvestia of the Russian Military Medical Academy.

* [[Russian military bands|Military Band]] &ndash; The band of the Military Medical Academy is the official marching band of the academy. The band took part in many celebrations held by the administrations of the city of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Oblast. In the Soviet era, the band won multiple prizes during the All-Union Competition. It is an annual participant in the [[Victory Day Parade]] on 9 May, a parade in honor of the lifting of the [[Siege of Leningrad]], as well as the celebrations of the Day of the Citycity, [[Paratroopers' Day]] and [[Alexander Nevsky]] Day. Musicians of the band have notably participated in the filming of historical films and military-historical reconstructions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vmedork.org/?page_id=17|title=Об оркестре — Военный оркестр Военно-медицинской академии им. С. М. Кирова|date=March 2020 }}</ref> In 2019, the band, led by conductor Lieutenant Cololonel Mikhail Nikolaev, participated in the [[Spasskaya Tower Military Music Festival and Tattoo]] on [[Red Square]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vmeda.org/orkestr-voenno-medicinskoj-akademii-luchshij-v-vooruzhennyx-silax-rossijskoj-federacii/|title = Оркестр Военно-медицинской академии лучший в Вооруженных силах Российской Федерации|date = 4 September 2019}}</ref>

* [[Order of the Red Banner (Mongolia)|Order of the Red Banner]] ([[People's Republic of Mongolia]]) (1978)<ref name=":0" />

* [[JacobJakub Wygodzki]] (1856–1941)