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'''Yukhym Leonidovych Zvyahilsky''' ({{lang-uk|Юхим Леонідович Звягільський}}, {{lang-ru|Ефим Леонидович Звягильский}}; 20 February 1933 – 6 November 2021) was a Ukrainian politician.
He is the only member of [[Verkhovna Rada]] who was elected to parliament in eight elections (from [[1990 Ukrainian Supreme Soviet election|1990]] until Zvyahilsky did not participate in the [[2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election]]).<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://lb.ua/news/2019/07/23/432929_pervoe_zasedanie_novoy_radi_otkroet.html|title=Перше засідання нової Ради відкриє 78-річний нардеп від ОПЗЖ Іоффе|website=LB.ua|date=23 July 2019 }}</ref>
In 1993 and 1994, Zvyahilsky served as the [[First Deputy Prime Minister of Ukraine|First Vice Prime Minister]] and acting [[Prime Minister of Ukraine|Prime Minister]].<ref>{{in lang|uk}} [https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2021/11/6/7313075/ People's Deputy of many convocations Yuhym Zviahilskyi died], [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] (6 November 2021).</ref>▼
▲In 1993 and 1994, Zvyahilsky served as the [[First Deputy Prime Minister of Ukraine|First Vice Prime Minister]] and acting [[Prime Minister of Ukraine|Prime Minister]].<ref name="pravda.com.ua">{{in lang|uk}} [https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2021/11/6/7313075/ People's Deputy of many convocations Yuhym Zviahilskyi died], [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] (6 November 2021).</ref>
==Biography==
Zvyahilsky was born the son of a [[Jews|Jewish]]<ref>[https://zn.ua/politcs_archive/efim_zvyagilskiy_umirat_ya_budu_doma,_v_donetske,_kak_by_mne_ne_staralis_pomeshat.html Ефим Звягильский: «УМИРАТЬ Я БУДУ ДОМА, В ДОНЕЦКЕ, КАК БЫ МНЕ НЕ СТАРАЛИСЬ ПОМЕШАТЬ»]</ref><ref>[http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/radan_gs09/d_ank_arh?kod=10802 Офіційний портал Верховної Ради України]</ref> civil servant in [[Donetsk|Stalino]] on 20 February 1933. In 1956, he graduated from the Donetsk Industrial Institute as a mining engineer. After graduating, Zvyahilsky worked at mine #13 of the Soviet [[trust company]] "Kuibyshevugol" (Kuibyshev Coal) as a chief assistant, later as a chief of a [[coal]] precinct, chief engineer, and director. In 1972, he wrote a thesis, "Observation of regional technological schemes of mining fields in the development of thin inclined layers (in reference to the Donetsk-Makiivka region of [[Donbas|Donetsk basin]])" ([[Moscow State Mining University|Moscow Mining Institute]]), earning him the academical title of a [[Candidate of Sciences]]. Later Zvyahilsky defended his doctorate on the subject "Geomechanical foundations of landslides of the earth surface above mines, which can be eliminated" (Institute of geotechnical mechanics of the [[National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine]]). Coincidentally, in the early 1990s, Ukraine suffered from the miners' strikes that led to the [[1994 Ukrainian presidential election|early presidential elections in 1994]].
From 1970 to 1979, Zvyahilsky worked at the Kuibyshev Mine Corporation of the Industrial Union "Donetskugol" (Donetsk Coal). In 1975, he was appointed a director of the company. From 1979 through 1992, Zvyahilsky was a director of the [[Zasyadko coal mine]] of the Industrial Union "Donetskugol". The mine, known for its chronic accidents, became particularly famous in 2007 for the most deadly [[2007 Zasyadko mine disaster|disaster]] in the mining history of Ukraine.
In March 1990, as a member of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]], Zvyahilsky was elected to the [[Verkhovna Rada|Parliament of Ukraine]] from the 112th electoral district. In November 1992, he was appointed the city council and executive committee chairman. In June 1993, Zvyahilsky was appointed to the Kuchma's Cabinet as the [[First Vice Prime Minister of Ukraine|First Vice-Prime Minister]]. Being the First Vice-Prime Minister in the Cabinet of Kuchma, he served as an acting-Prime Minister from 22 September 1993 after [[Leonid Kuchma]] was elected the [[President of Ukraine]]. Zvyahilsky was the longest-serving Prime Minister without being officially appointed to the role. Zvyahilsky kept the appointment until [[Vitaliy Masol]] was confirmed as the [[Prime Minister of Ukraine]] in June 1994.
[[File:НДУ 1 Звягільський Юхим Леонідович.jpg|thumb|right|Zhyahilsky as a Member of the 1st Verkhovna Rada]]
In March 1994, now as an independent, Zvyahilsky was elected to the parliament from the 110th electoral district. In 1994, Zviahilskyi, being perceived as affiliated with [[Leonid Kravchuk]], was accused of having stolen some $20 million by Ukrainian President Kuchma during his term as acting Prime Minister, and he fled to [[Israel]] in fear for his life.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FefoltD5mWkC&q=%22Yevhen+Shcherban%22&pg=PA382|title=Big business and economic development: conglomerates and economic groups in developing countries and transition economies under globalisation|date=2007|publisher=Routledge |
In 1998, Zvyahilsky, once again as an independent, was elected now from the 43rd electoral district. In 2002, he was again elected to the parliament as a member of the [[Party of Regions]]. Zvyahilsky became a member of the Verkhovna Rada (parliament), representing the ruling Party of Regions, and owner of the Zasyadko coal mine in [[Donetsk]]. Being a member of Parliament, he had immunity from prosecution.<ref name=part1/> In the 2012 parliamentary elections elected for the Party of Regions in a single-mandate majoritarian election district number 45 with 72.59% of the votes.<ref>[http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vnd2012/WP040?PT001F01=900&pf7331=45 Одномандатний виборчий округ № 45 (Донецька область)]</ref>
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In the [[2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election|2014 parliamentary election]], Zvyahilsky was re-elected into parliament again as an independent candidate in single-member districts number 45 situated in the [[Kyiv Raion (Donetsk)|Kyiv Raion]] of Donetsk; this time with 72.73% of the votes.<ref>{{in lang|uk}} [http://vibori2014.rbc.ua/ukr/okrug/donetskaya-oblast/odnomandatny-45 Candidates and winners for the seat of the constituency 45 in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210082708/http://vibori2014.rbc.ua/ukr/okrug/donetskaya-oblast/odnomandatny-45 |date=10 December 2014 }}, [[RBK Ukraine]]</ref> In his constituency, only a handful of polling stations were open due to the [[War in Donbas (2014–2022)|war in Donbas]]; this led to Zvyahilsky winning a seat with only 1,450 votes.<ref name=UWvotasb>[http://ukrainianweek.com/Politics/123516 Starting a New Life, Voting as Before], [[The Ukrainian Week]] (11 November 2014)</ref><ref>[https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304811904579583413180447156 Poroshenko Declares Victory in Ukraine Presidential Election], [[The Wall Street Journal]] (25 May 2014)<br />[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/23/russia-ukraine-vote-vladimir-putin-president Russia will recognise outcome of Ukraine poll, says Vladimir Putin], ''[[The Guardian]]'' (23 May 2014)</ref> In parliament he joined the faction of [[Opposition Bloc]].<ref>{{in lang|uk}} [http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/site2/p_deputat?d_id=833 National deputies of Ukraine: Yukhym Zvyahilsky], [[Verkhovna Rada]]</ref>
Zvyahilsky did not participate in the [[2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election]] for the first time since 1990 he did not run for parliamentary elections.<ref name="auto"/> He died on 6 November 2021, aged 88, from complications of [[COVID-19]] during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine]].<ref
He also was co-president of the Jewish Conference of Ukraine.
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==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://janukovicha.clan.su/kandidat/zvyagiksky.htm CLAN of Yanukovich: ZVYAHILSKY] {{in lang|ru}}
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[[Category:Recipients of the Order of State]]
[[Category:Jewish Ukrainian politicians]]
[[Category:Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Burials at Baikove Cemetery]]
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