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{{short description|Newspaper of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia}}
{{Refimprove|date=September 2014}}▼
The ''Port Phillip Herald'' was first published as a [[Weekly newspaper|semi-weekly]] newspaper on 3 January 1840 from a weatherboard shack in [[Collins Street, Melbourne|Collins Street]]. It was the fourth newspaper to start in Melbourne.▼
{{Infobox newspaper
| name = The Herald
| type = Daily newspaper
| format = Broadsheet
| owner = [[News Corp Australia|News Limited]] (1987–1990)
| founder = George Cavenagh
| foundation = 3 January 1840
| language = English
| ceased publication = 5 October 1990
| headquarters = 44–74 [[Flinders Street, Melbourne|Flinders Street]] (1925–1990)
| publishing_city = [[Melbourne]]
| publishing_country = Australia
| sister newspapers = ''[[The Sun News-Pictorial|The Sun]]''
| ISSN = 2206-2440
}}
'''''The Herald''''' was a morning – and later – evening [[broadsheet]] newspaper published in [[Melbourne]], Australia, from 3 January 1840 to 5 October 1990. It later merged with its sister morning newspaper ''[[The Sun News-Pictorial]]'' to form the ''[[Herald Sun|Herald-Sun]]''.
The paper took its name from the region it served. Until its establishment as a separate colony in 1851, the area now known as Victoria was a part of New South Wales and it was generally referred to as the [[Port Phillip]] district.▼
==Founding==
Preceding it was the short-lived ''[[Melbourne Advertiser]]'' which [[John Pascoe Fawkner]] first produced on 1 January 1838 as hand-written editions for 10 weeks and then printed for a further 17 weekly issues, the ''[[Port Phillip Gazette]]'', and ''The Port Phillip Patriot and Melbourne Advertiser''. But within eighteen months of its inauguration, the ''[[Port Phillip Herald]]'' had grown to have the largest circulation of all Melbourne papers.▼
▲The ''Port Phillip Herald'' was first published as a [[Weekly newspaper|semi-weekly]] newspaper on 3 January 1840 from a weatherboard shack in [[Collins Street, Melbourne|Collins Street]]. It was the fourth newspaper to start in Melbourne.
▲The paper took its name from the region it served. Until its establishment as a separate colony in 1851, the area now known as [[Victoria, Australia|Victoria]] was a part of [[New South Wales]] and it was generally referred to as the [[Port Phillip]] district.
It was founded and published by George Cavenagh (1808–1869). He was born in India, as the youngest son of a Major. He came to Sydney in March 1825 where he worked as a magistrates’ clerk and farmer, before eventually taking on the role editor of the ''[[Sydney Gazette]]'' in 1836.▼
▲Preceding it was the short-lived ''[[Melbourne Advertiser]]'' which [[John Pascoe Fawkner]] first produced on 1 January 1838 as hand-written editions for 10 weeks and then printed for a further 17 weekly issues, the ''[[Port Phillip Gazette]]''
▲It was founded and published by George Cavenagh (1808–1869). He was born in India, as the youngest son of a Major. He came to [[Sydney]] in March 1825 where he worked as a magistrates’ clerk and farmer, before eventually taking on the role of editor of the ''[[Sydney Gazette]]'' in 1836.
== Original staff ==▼
[[File:1932 Ford Model B Truck (12738742863).jpg|thumb|1932 newspaper delivery truck.]]
Bringing his wife and eight children, his staff and machinery to Melbourne, Cavenagh first produced the ''Port Phillip Herald'' as free editions. Later copies were to sell for [[British sixpence coin|sixpence]]. Subscriptions could be taken out for ten [[shilling]]s per quarter. The newspaper came out twice a week, on Wednesday and Saturday.<ref>Dunstan, David, "Twists and turns: the origins and transformations of Melbourne metropolitan newspapers in the nineteenth century", ''Victorian Historical Journal'' 89 (1) June 2018, p.10.</ref>
▲== Original staff ==
The paper opened with the adopted motto "[[impartial]] – but not neutral", which was to run under its [[
It was edited by William Kerr (1812–1859) who left Cavenagh in 1841 to be editor of the ''Port Phillip Patriot and Melbourne Advertiser'' and then on to the ''Port Phillip Gazette'' about a decade later.
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The editor who followed Kerr at the ''Port Phillip Herald'' was Thomas Hamilton Osborne (c. 1805 – 1853) who later became proprietor of ''The Portland Mercury and Port Fairy Register'' (originally known as ''The Portland Mercury and Normanby Advertiser'') on 10 January 1844.
[[Edmund
Under George Cavenagh's leadership the paper would denounce adversaries, challenge ideas, and employ negative emotive language in an astute invective manner. In the early 1840s this was manifest in dealing with Judge [[John Walpole Willis]]
== Daily ==
On 1 January 1849, the ''Port Phillip Herald'' changed its name to ''The Melbourne Morning Herald and General Daily Advertiser''. It also upped its printing schedule from thrice-weekly to daily. [[The Argus (Australia)|''The Argus'']], which would not yet be a daily until 18 June 1849, scorned its rival's change of schedule with this report on 2 January 1849:
{{
For twenty years from 1854, a succession of owners struggled to keep the newspaper afloat during the goldrush period. This included two years in which it was reduced to a biweekly. The newspaper changed its name several times before settling on ''The Herald'' from 8 September 1855 – the name it held for the next 135 years. In 1869 it developed stability as an evening daily.
==Twentieth
''The Herald'' was the home of many journalists and cartoonists, including [[Samuel Garnet Wells]], Tess Lawrence, Lawrence Money, and [[William Ellis Green]], whose [[AFL Grand Final|Grand Final]] caricatures were a feature of Melbourne life for decades. [[C. J. Dennis]] served as staff poet from 1922 to his death in 1938.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilde|first=WH|title=The Oxford Companion to Australian Literature|date=1994|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Melbourne|isbn=0-19-553381-X}}</ref> Cartoonist [[John Frith (cartoonist)|John Frith]] ({{circa|1908–2000}})<!---self-referential redirect until article created---> spent 18 years at the paper from 1950 to 1969.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.daao.org.au/bio/john-eric-frith/biography/| website= [[DAAO]]| first=Joan| last=Kerr| author-link=Joan Kerr| date=2007| title=John Eric Frith, b. c.13 June 1908}}</ref> Theatre critics included Harry A. Standish ("H.A.S"). Standish was chairman of the [[Erik Award]] ("Eriks") judging panel.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article265919327 |title=Who'll get the 'Eriks' this time? |newspaper=[[The Australian Jewish Herald]] |volume=48 |issue=30 |location=Victoria, Australia |date=10 April 1964 |access-date=16 January 2023 |page=17 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
''The Herald'', with its sister publications such as ''The Weekly Times'', expanded and in 1921 a new headquarters was built in Flinders Street, designed by the successful commercial architects [[HW & FB Tompkins]]. The building was expanded in 1928, and all the papers were printed and distributed from here until 1991.
In 1949, [[Cecil Herbert Sharpley]]—after leaving the [[Communist Party of Australia]] (CPA)—worked together with ''The Herald'' on a seven-article long [[Investigative journalism|investigative]] piece on the CPA, accusing them of election fraud. After a report by [[Charles Lowe (judge)|Charles Lowe]] was published, making Sharpley's evidence unreliable.<ref>{{Citation |last=Deery |first=Phillip |title=Cecil Herbert Sharpley (1908–1985) |work=Australian Dictionary of Biography |url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/sharpley-cecil-herbert-14879/text26069 |access-date=2024-04-16 |place=Canberra |publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n8JVAAAAIBAJ&dq=%22Cecil+Herbert+Sharpley%22&pg=PA1&article_id=6925,3666414 |title=The Age |publisher=The Age |language=en}}</ref>
In February 1987, ''The Herald'' was included in the sale of [[The Herald and Weekly Times]] to [[News Corp Australia|News Limited]].<ref>Winners And Losers In HWT Takeover ''[[Sydney Morning Herald]]'' 11 February 1987 page 29</ref><ref>[https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/118120547 Business Briefs] ''[[Canberra Times]]'' 21 February 1987 page 24</ref>
==Closure==
''The Herald'' ceased publication on 5 October 1990
▲''The Herald'' ceased publication on 5 October 1990, but on 8 October 1990, ''The Herald''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s name was merged with sister morning newspaper ''[[The Sun News-Pictorial]]'' to form the ''[[Herald Sun]]'', which contained columns and features from both ''The Herald'' and ''The Sun News-Pictorial''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Press timeline 1951-2011|url=http://www.nla.gov.au/content/press-timeline-1951-2011|publisher=National Library of Australia|accessdate=2013-11-24}}</ref>
==References==
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*''Printers of the streets and lanes of Melbourne'' by Don Hauser. Nondescript Press. Melbourne 2006
*''One Hundred & Fifty Years of News from The Herald'' by Geoff Gaylard. Southbank Editions. Fishermans Bend 1990
{{News Corp Australia}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Herald Melbourne}}
[[Category:
[[Category:Defunct newspapers published in Melbourne]]
[[Category:History of Melbourne]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Publications disestablished in 1990]]
[[Category:1840 establishments in Australia]]
[[Category:1990 disestablishments in Australia]]
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