Philip the Good: Difference between revisions

| caption = Philip, wearing the [[Collar (Order of Knighthood) |collar]] of [[Fire striker| firesteels]] of the [[Order of the Golden Fleece]] which he instituted, (copy of a [[Rogier van der Weyden]] work of c.{{circa | 1450}})

| death_place = [[Bruges]], [[County of Flanders| Flanders]], [[Burgundian Netherlands]]

| burial_place = [[Dijon]], [[Duchy of Burgundy|Burgundy]]

* {{marriage|[[Isabella of Portugal, Duchess of Burgundy |Isabella of Portugal]]|1430}}

* [[David of Burgundy |David, Bishop of Therouanne and Utrecht]]

* [[Anna van Bourgondië |Anne, Lady of Ravenstein]]

| house = [[House of Valois-Burgundy| Valois-Burgundy]]

'''Philip III the Good''' ({{lang-fr| Philippe le Bon}}; {{lang-nl| Filips de Goede}}; 31 July 1396 in Dijon – 15 June 1467 in Bruges) wasruled as [[Duke of Burgundy]] from 1419 until his death in 1467. He was a member of a [[House of Valois-Burgundy|cadet line]] of the [[House of Valois| Valois dynasty]], to which all 15th-century [[kings of France]] belonged. During his reign, the [[Burgundian State]] reached the apex of its prosperity and prestige, and became a leading centre of the arts.

HeDuke isPhilip has a knownreputation for his administrative reforms, for his patronage of Flemish artists (such as [[Jan van Eyck]]) and of [[Franco-Flemish school|Franco-Flemish composers]] (such as [[Gilles Binchois]]), and for the 1430 seizure of [[Joan of Arc]], whom Philip [[ransom| ransomed]] to the [[Kingdom of England |English]] after his soldiers captured her, resulting in her trial and eventual execution. In political affairs, he alternated between alliances with the English and with the [[Kingdom of France|French]] in an attempt to improve [[House of Valois-Burgundy |his dynasty]]'s powerbase. Additionally, as ruler of [[County of Flanders| Flanders]], [[Duchy of Brabant| Brabant]], [[Duchy of Limburg| Limburg]], [[County of Artois| Artois]], [[County of Hainaut| Hainaut]], [[County of Holland| Holland]], [[Duchy of Luxembourg| Luxembourg]], [[County of Zeeland| Zeeland]], [[Friesland]] and [[County of Namur| Namur]], he played an important role in the history of the [[Low Countries]].

He was married three times, and had three legitimate sons, all from his third marriage and; only one oflegitimate whomson reached adulthood. HePhilip had 24 documented mistresses and fathered at least 18 [[illegitimate children]].

Philip of [[House of Valois-Burgundy|Valois-Burgundy]] was born on 31 July 1396 in [[Dijon]], [[Kingdom of France|France]] as the fourth child and first son of [[John the Fearless|John, Count of Nevers]] (later [[Duke of Burgundy]] known as "John the Fearless"; 1371–1419) and his wife and consort, born [[Margaret of Bavaria]] (1363–1424).{{sfn|Vaughan|2005|p=2}} He was a [[great-grandson]] of [[John II, King of France]] (1319–1364), and a [[First cousin once-removed|first cousin once removed]] of the then-ruling king, [[Charles VI of France|Charles VI]] (1368–1422). His father succeeded Philip's grandfather, [[Philip the Bold|Philip II]] ("Philip the Bold", 1342–1404) as Duke of Burgundy in 1404.{{sfn|Vaughan|2005|pp=4, 6}} On 28 January 1405, at the age of 8eight, Philip was created [[Count of Charolais]] as an [[appanage]] and was probably [[Engagement|engaged]] to his [[Cousin|second cousin]], 9nine-year-old [[Michelle of France]] (1395–1422), daughter of King Charles VI on the same day.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}} They were married in June 1409.{{sfn|Vaughan|2004|p=8}}

Philip was also a considerable patron of otherthe visual arts, aside from literature. He commissioned many [[Tapestry|tapestries]] (which he tended to prefer over oil paintings), pieces from goldsmiths, jewellery, and other works of art, including numerous mechanical [[automata]] and fountains at the Chauteau of [[Hesdin]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Truitt |title=Medieval Robots. Mechanism, Magic, Nature, and Art |date=21 November 2016 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |isbn=9780812223576 |pages=131 |url=https://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/15383.html}}</ref> It was also during his reign that the Burgundian chapel became the musical centre of Europe, with the activity of the [[Burgundian School]] of composers and singers. Esteemed composers such as [[Gilles Binchois]], [[Robert Morton (composer)|Robert Morton]], and later [[Guillaume Dufay]] were all part of Philip's court chapel.

In 1428, [[Jan van Eyck|van Eyck]] travelled to Portugal to paint a portrait of the daughter of [[John I of Portugal|King John I]], the [[Isabella of Portugal, Duchess of Burgundy|Infanta Isabella]], personally for Philip in advance of their marriage. With help from more experienced Portuguese shipbuilders, Philip established a shipyard in Bruges, which helped commerce flourish. [[Rogier van der Weyden]] painted his portrait twice on panel. Only copies survive, but in each he is shown wearing the collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece. The only extant original van der Weyden of Philip a superb [[Miniature (illuminated manuscript)|miniature]] known as "[[Jean Wauquelin presenting his 'Chroniques de Hainaut' to Philip the Good]]" (above right).{{sfn|Kren|McKendrick|2003|p=68}} The painter [[Hugo van der Goes]] of the [[Early Netherlandish painting|Early Netherlandish school]] is credited with paintings for the church where Philip's funeral was held.

Philip married his [[Cousin|second cousin]] [[Michelle of France]] (1395–1422) in June 1409, when he was 1312 and she was 1514. She was a daughter of [[Charles VI, King of France]] (1368–1422) and his wife and consort, [[Isabeau of Bavaria]] ({{circa 1370–1435|1370}}–1435). They had one daughter, Agnes, who [[died in infancy]], and Michelle died on 8 July 1422. On 30 November 1424 in [[Moulins-Engilbert|Moulins-Engelbert]], Philip married the [[widow]] of his late paternal uncle, [[Philip II, Count of Nevers]] (1389–1415), [[Bonne of Artois]] (1396 – 17 September 1425). She was the daughter of [[Philip of Artois, Count of Eu]] (1358–1397) and his wife, [[Marie of Berry]], ''[[suo jure]]'' [[Duchess of Auvergne]] ({{circa 1375–1434|1375}}–1434). Bonne died within a year of the wedding, and the couple had no children,{{sfn|Vaughan|2004|p=8}} leaving Philip with no legitimate sons to this point.<ref>Lobanov (2012), p. 313</ref>

* [[Charles the Bold|Charles]] of Burgundy (10 November 1433 – 5 January 1477), Philip's successor, known as "Charles the Bold". {{sfn|Blockmans|Prevenier|1999|p=73}}