Heritage of Mercury. Almadén and Idrija: Difference between revisions

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Line 1: {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site \| ~~WHS~~image = ~~Heritage of Mercury~~AntonijevRov-Idrija. ~~Almadén and Idrija~~jpg \| image_upright = 1.2 ~~\| Image = [[File:AntonijevRov-Idrija.jpg\|250px]]~~ \| ~~imagecaption~~caption = Antonijev rov, mine entrance in Idrija \| location = {{flatlist\| ~~\| State Party = [[Slovenia]], [[Spain]]~~ * [[Almadén]], [[Province of Ciudad Real]], [[Castile-La Mancha]], '''Spain''' \| Type = Cultural▼ * [[Idrija]], [[Municipality of Idrija]], [[Gorizia Statistical Region]], '''Slovenia''' ~~\| Criteria = ii, iv~~ }} \| ID includes = ~~1313~~ ~~\| Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Europe\|Europe and North America]]~~ \| criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type\|(ii), (iv)}}(ii), (iv) ~~\| Year = [[List of World Heritage Sites by year of inscription#2012 (36th session)\|2012]]~~ \| ~~Session~~ID = ~~36th~~1313rev \| coordinates = {{coord\|38\|46\|31\|N\|4\|50\|20\|W\|type:~~landmark_source:kolossus-frwiki~~landmark\|display=title, inline\|format=dms}}▼ ~~\| Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1313~~ ▲\| ~~Type~~year = ~~Cultural~~2012 \| embedded = {{location map+ \|Europe \|float=center\|border=none\|width=250\|caption=Almadén and Idrija in Europe\|places=▼ \| area = {{convert\|104.1\|ha\|acre\|abbr=on}} \| buffer_zone = ▲\| embedded = {{location map+ \|Europe \|float=center\|border=none\|width=250\|caption=Almadén and Idrija in Europe\|places= {{location map~ \|Europe \|lat=38.776389 \|long=-4.836944 \|label=[[Almadén]]\|position=right}} {{location map~ \|Europe \|lat=46.001317 \|long=14.022108 \|label=[[Idrija]]\|position=right}} }} }} '''Heritage of Mercury. Almadén and Idrija''' is a joint [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage ~~site~~Site]] in [[Almadén]], [[Castile-La Mancha]], [[Spain]], and [[Idrija]], [[Slovenia]]. The property encompasses two [[Mercury (element)\|mercury]] mining sites. In Almadén mercury has been extracted since Antiquity, while in Idrija it was first found in 1490.<ref name=autogenerated1>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1313/ Heritage of Mercury. Almadén and Idrija - UNESCO World Heritage Centre<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ~~The property encompasses two [[Mercury (element)\|mercury]] mining sites.~~ In Almadén mercury has been extracted since Antiquity, while in Idrija it was first found in 1490 A.D. <ref name=autogenerated1>[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1313/ Heritage of Mercury. Almadén and Idrija - UNESCO World Heritage Centre<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The sites bear testimony to the intercontinental trade in mercury which generated important exchanges between Europe and America over the centuries. The two sites represent the two largest mercury mines in the world and were operational until recent times. Mercury played an important role in extracting gold and silver from ores, dug in American mines. In addition, both sites illustrate the various industrial, territorial, urban and social elements of a specific sociotechnical system in the mining and metal production industries.<ref name=autogenerated1 /> At the heart of the Almadén site is a Mining Park, where the public can go underground.<ref name="EVA1">{{cite web \| url=http://www.comarcadealmaden.es/almaden/parque_minero_intro.php?idioma=in \| title=Mining Park \| publisher=Tourist Office of Rios EVA Mancomunidad \| ~~accessdate~~access-date=10 July 2016 \| archive-date=6 March 2017 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306164954/http://comarcadealmaden.es/almaden/parque_minero_intro.php?idioma=in \| url-status=dead }}</ref> There are also buildings relating to the town´'s mining history, including ~~the San Rafael Mining Hospital (now an archive),~~ Retamar Castle,<ref name="EVA2">{{cite web \| url=http://www.comarcadealmaden.es/almaden/parque_minero_intro.php?idioma=in \| title=Retamar Castle \| publisher=Tourist Office of Rios EVA Mancomunidad \| ~~accessdate~~access-date=10 July 2016 \| archive-date=6 March 2017 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306164954/http://comarcadealmaden.es/almaden/parque_minero_intro.php?idioma=in \| url-status=dead }}</ref> the San Rafael Mining Hospital (now an archive), and ~~traditional~~eighteenth-century dwellings ~~in the~~which form of a hexagonal [[bullring]].<ref name="EVA3">{{cite web \| url=http://www.comarcadealmaden.es/almaden/plaza_toros.php?idioma=in \| title=Bullring \| publisher=Tourist office of Rios EVA Mancomunidad \| access-date=10 July 2016 \| archive-date=6 March 2017 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306200937/http://comarcadealmaden.es/almaden/plaza_toros.php?idioma=in \| url-status=dead }}</ref> The site in Idrija notably features mercury stores and infrastructure, as well as miners’ living quarters, and a miners’ theatre. ==Nomination process== [[File:Minas de Almadén, Ciudad Real (RPS 21-07-2012).png\|thumb\|~~left~~upright=1.2\|Interior of ~~the main mine~~one of the Almadén's mines]]▼ Idrija begun the process to inscribe the mercury heritage to the UNESCO's heritage list in 2006.<ref>[http://www.idrija.si/oobcini/druzbene-dejavnosti/kulturna-dediscina/dediscina-zivega-srebra.html Občina Idrija - Dediščina živega srebra<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627034215/http://www.idrija.si/oobcini/druzbene-dejavnosti/kulturna-dediscina/dediscina-zivega-srebra.html \|date=2012-06-27 }}</ref> Initially, the nomination was made together with [[Huancavelica]] mercury mine in [[Peru]], in relation to the intercontinental route Camino Real. In the second stage, a nomination focused on mercury heritage in relation to silver mining, together with [[San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí\|San Luis Potosí]] mine in [[Mexico]] - however, the nomination did not gather sufficient support. The third, successful stage of the nomination focused on mercury mining in relation to technological and industrial processes that influenced the economical and cultural development of the two regions.<ref>[http://www.rtvslo.si/kultura/drugo/rudnik-zivega-srebra-idrija-zapisan-na-unescov-seznam/286414 Rudnik živega srebra Idrija zapisan na Unescov seznam :: Prvi interaktivni multimedijski portal, MMC RTV Slovenija<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> == List of registered monuments == [[File:Minas de Almadén (RPS 21-07-2012) Horno de Bustamante.png\|thumb\|upright=1.2\|Furnace of Bustamante of the mines of Almadén.]] [[File:Minas de Almadén (RPS 21-07-2012) castillete.png\|thumb\|upright=1.2\|Headframe of the mines of Almadén.]] [[File:05 Kamšt (2).JPG\|thumb\|upright=1.2\|Building of the pump in Idrija.]] The elements of the "Mercury Heritage" are the following:<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1313/multiple=1&unique_number=1841 Fuente: Unesco]</ref> === Almadén === {\| class="wikitable unsortable" ! Code!! Name !! Location !! Protection zone!! Coordinates \|- \|'''1313rev-001''' \|\| Old town of Almadén \|\| Almadén \|\| 48.98 ha \|\| {{coord\|38.775278\|-4.843611\|type:landmark_region:ES_source:UNESCO\|name=Almadén - Vieille ville}} \|- \|'''1313rev-002'''\|\| Buildings of the Castle's Mine \|\| Almadén \|\| 0,22 ha \|\| {{coord\|38.772500\|-4.839722\|type:landmark_region:ES_source:UNESCO\|name=Bâtiments de la Mine del Castillo}} \|- \|'''1313rev-003''' \|\| Royal Prison of forced labor \|\| Almadén \|\| 0.11 ha \|\| {{coord\|38.771806\|-4.834167\|type:landmark_region:ES_source:UNESCO\|name=Royal Forced Labour Gaol}} \|- \|'''1313rev-004''' \|\| Hospital Real de San Rafael (children) \|\| Almadén \|\| 0.10 ha \|\| {{coord\|38.772778\|-4.831389\|type:landmark_region:ES_source:UNESCO\|name=Hôpital royal San Rafael pour mineurs}} \|- \|'''1313rev-005'''\|\| Bullring \|\| Almadén \|\| 0.25 ha \|\| {{coord\|38.775091\|-4.829682\|type:landmark_region:ES_source:UNESCO\|name=Bullring}} \|} === Idrija === {\| class="wikitable unsortable" ! Code!! Name !! Location !! Protection zone!! Coordinates \|- \|'''1313rev-006''' \|\| Old town of Idrija \|\| Idrija \|\| 47.33 ha \|\| {{coord\|46.000612\|14.022061\|type:landmark_region:ES_source:UNESCO\|name=Vieille ville d'Idrija}} \|- \|'''1313rev-007'''\|\| Foundry \|\| Idrija \|\| 0.60 ha \|\| {{coord\|46.006944\|14.031111\|type:landmark_region:ES_source:UNESCO\|name=Idrija – Smelting Plant}} \|- \|'''1313rev-008''' \|\| Kamšt pump with water channel and tank (Kobila) \|\| Idrija \|\| 1.61 ha \|\| {{coord\|45.998889\|14.030833\|type:landmark_region:ES_source:UNESCO\|name=Idrija – Kamšt water pump with the Rake water channel and Kobila dam}} \|- \|'''1313rev-009''' \|\| Water tank \|\| Idrija \|\| 0.71 ha \|\| {{coord\|46.017778\|13.939444\|type:landmark_region:ES_source:UNESCO\|name=Gorenja Kanomlja – Kanomilja or Ovcjak Water Barrier}} \|- \|'''1313rev-010'''\|\| Idrija Lagoon \|\| Idrija \|\| 1.21 ha \|\| {{coord\|46.002778\|13.920000\|type:landmark_region:ES_source:UNESCO\|name=Vojsko – Idrijca Water Barrier}} \|- \|'''1313rev-011''' \|\| Putrih Reservoir on the Belca River \|\| Idrija \|\| 0.49 ha \|\| {{coord\|45.976111\|13.933611\|type:landmark_region:ES_source:UNESCO\|name=Idrijska Bela – Putrih’s Water Barrier on the Belca creek}} \|- \|'''1313rev-012''' \|\| Brus Reservoir on the Belca River \|\| Idrija \|\| 2.49 ha \|\| {{coord\|45.970278\|13.952222\|type:landmark_region:ES_source:UNESCO\|name=Idrijska Bela – Belca Water Barrier on the Belca creek (or Brus`s Water Barrier)}} \|} ▲[[File:Minas de Almadén, Ciudad Real (RPS 21-07-2012).png\|thumb\|left\|Interior of the main mine of Almadén]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==See also== * [[Almaden Quicksilver County Park]] {{World Heritage Sites in Slovenia}} {{World Heritage Sites in Spain}} {{Subterranea}} ▲{{coord\|38\|46\|31\|N\|4\|50\|20\|W\|type:landmark_source:kolossus-frwiki\|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Heritage of Mercury. Almaden and Idrija}} [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Slovenia]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Spain]] [[Category:Mercury ~~mines~~mining]] [[Category:Mining museums in Spain]] [[Category:Mining in Slovenia]]