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{{short description|Meeting between Kim Jong-un and Donald Trump}}
{{For|the 2018 Trump–Kim summit|2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=
| name = 2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit
| other_titles = Hanoi Summit
| logo = [[File:DPRK–USA Hanoi Summit (US logo).jpg|200px]]
| image = President Trump's Trip to Vietnam (33352861498).jpg
| caption = President [[Donald Trump]] and Chairman [[Kim Jong
| country = {{Flag|Vietnam}}
| date = February 27–28, 2019
| motto =
| venues = [[Sofitel Legend Metropole Hanoi|Hôtel Métropole]], [[Hanoi]]
| participants = {{flagicon|USA}} [[Donald Trump]]<br />{{flagicon|DPRK}} [[Kim Jong
| chairperson =
| follows = [[2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit]]
| precedes = [[2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit]]
| website = {{URL|https://dprk-usasummit2019.mofa.gov.vn}} {{dead link|date=September 2023}}
| keypoints =
| compactnav =
}}{{Infobox
| title = 2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit
| nkhangul = 조미 2차 수뇌상봉
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{{Donald Trump series}}
The '''2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit''', commonly known as the '''Hanoi Summit''', was a two-day [[Summit (meeting)|summit meeting]] between [[Supreme Leader (North Korean title)|North Korean supreme leader]] [[Kim Jong
On February 28, 2019, the [[White House]] announced that the summit was cut short and that no agreement was reached. Trump later clarified that it was due to North Korea's request to end all [[Sanctions against North Korea|sanctions]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/28/white-house-trump-kim-meetings-change-of-schedule.html|title=Trump-Kim summit was cut short after North Korea demanded an end to all sanctions|last=Rosenfeld|first=Everett|date=February 28, 2019|publisher=CNBC|access-date=February 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228095036/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/28/white-house-trump-kim-meetings-change-of-schedule.html|archive-date=February 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Background==
{{Main|2018–19 Korean peace process}}
The first [[2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit|North Korea–United States summit]] between [[Kim Jong
==Announcement==
The White House confirmed the planned summit between Kim Jong
Trump stated the host country would be Vietnam, and the dates to be February 27–28, during his second [[2019 State of the Union Address|State of the Union Address]] on February 5, 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vietnamnews.vn/world/485043/trump-calls-for-end-to-revenge-politics-at-state-of-union.html|title=Trump calls for end to 'revenge' politics at State of Union|website=vietnamnews.vn|access-date=February 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216010011/https://vietnamnews.vn/world/485043/trump-calls-for-end-to-revenge-politics-at-state-of-union.html|archive-date=February 16, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> He later announced that the summit would take place in [[Hanoi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vietnamnews.vn/world/505077/trump-says-2nd-us-nk-summit-to-be-held-in-ha-noi.html|title=Trump says 2nd US-N.K. summit to be held in Hà Nội|website=vietnamnews.vn|access-date=February 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216003006/https://vietnamnews.vn/world/505077/trump-says-2nd-us-nk-summit-to-be-held-in-ha-noi.html|archive-date=February 16, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
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==Developments since the June 2018 Summit==
{{Main|2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit}}
Pompeo appointed [[Stephen Biegun]] as [[United States Special Representative for North Korea]] on August 23, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/biog/285520.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831130634/https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/biog/285520.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=
In September 2018, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that "North Korea is making nuclear fuel and building weapons as actively as ever" but did so quietly, "allowing Mr. Trump to portray a denuclearization effort as on track."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/16/world/asia/trump-north-korea-nuclear.html|title=North Korea's Trump-Era Strategy: Keep Making A-Bombs, but Quietly|first=David E.|last=Sanger|newspaper=The New York Times|date=September 16, 2018|access-date=February 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217142309/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/16/world/asia/trump-north-korea-nuclear.html|archive-date=February 17, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Two months later, ''The Times'' reported that North Korea appeared to be engaged in a "great deception" by offering to dismantle one missile base while developing sixteen others, and that this expansion program was long known to American intelligence but contradicted Trump's public assertions that his diplomacy was yielding results.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/12/us/politics/north-korea-missile-bases.html|title=In North Korea, Missile Bases Suggest a Great Deception|first1=David E.|last1=Sanger|first2=William J.|last2=Broad|newspaper=The New York Times|date=November 12, 2018|access-date=February 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216204212/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/12/us/politics/north-korea-missile-bases.html|archive-date=February 16, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Immediately following the June 2018 summit, Trump had declared "There is no longer a Nuclear Threat from North Korea{{nbsp}}... sleep well tonight!"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/13/politics/trump-north-korea-nuclear-threat/index.html|title=Trump declares North Korea 'no longer a nuclear threat'|author=Veronica Stracqualursi and Stephen Collinson|website=CNN|date=June 13, 2018|access-date=February 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218195538/https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/13/politics/trump-north-korea-nuclear-threat/index.html|archive-date=February 18, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
A [[September 2018 inter-Korean summit|third inter-Korean summit]] was held September 18–20, 2018, which sought a breakthrough in the hampered talks with the U.S. and a solution for the denuclearization
In November 2018, North Korea repeated its demand that U.S. economic sanctions be lifted as a condition for proceeding with talks, while the Trump administration continued to insist that North Korea make concessions first. Meetings between Pompeo and North Korean officials were scheduled, canceled due to disagreements, and then rescheduled.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/pompeos-meeting-with-north-korean-counterpart-called-off-at-last-minute/2018/11/07/2c355fca-e252-11e8-a1c9-6afe99dddd92_story.html|title=Pompeo's meeting with North Korean counterpart called off at last minute|newspaper=Washington Post|access-date=February 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220181354/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/pompeos-meeting-with-north-korean-counterpart-called-off-at-last-minute/2018/11/07/2c355fca-e252-11e8-a1c9-6afe99dddd92_story.html|archive-date=February 20, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The February 2019 summit was confirmed after [[Kim Yong-chol]], North Korea's top negotiator, met with Trump in the Oval Office on January 18, 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/18/us/politics/trump-kim-summit.html|title=Trump and Kim Jong-un to Hold Second Summit Meeting Next Month|first1=Mark|last1=Landler|first2=David E.|last2=Sanger|newspaper=The New York Times |date=January 18, 2019|access-date=February 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216205500/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/18/us/politics/trump-kim-summit.html|archive-date=February 16, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
In the days leading up to the summit, Trump declared that former president [[Barack Obama]] had been on the verge of going to war with North Korea and had told Trump so during the transition, which suggested that Trump had pulled the U.S. back from the brink of war; former Obama aides denied these claims.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/16/us/politics/trump-obama-north-korea.html|title=The War That Wasn't: Trump Claims Obama Was Ready to Strike North Korea|first=Peter|last=Baker|newspaper=The New York Times|date=February 16, 2019|access-date=February 23, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224062625/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/16/us/politics/trump-obama-north-korea.html|archive-date=February 24, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Trump also suggested that he deserved the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] for his diplomacy with North Korea, with the U.S. informally asking Japan to nominate Trump, according to Japanese newspaper ''[[Asahi Shimbun]]'', which reported [[Shinzō Abe|Shinzo Abe]] doing so, but reports were neither confirmed nor denied, as it is tradition to keep nominations confidential.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/barack-obama/japan-nominated-trump-nobel-peace-prize-after-white-house-asked-n972661|title=Report: Japan nominated Trump for Nobel Peace Prize after White House asked|website=NBC News|date=February 18, 2019 |language=en|access-date=
Top American intelligence officials testified to Congress in January 2019 that it was unlikely North Korea would fully dismantle its nuclear arsenal, and Trump's national security advisor [[John R. Bolton|John Bolton]] continued to believe North Korea could not be trusted and that denuclearization efforts would fail.
In the summit, wide gaps persisted between the two countries, including disputes on what the exact definition of denuclearization entailed. In January, Biegun had repeated the official American stance that sanctions on North Korea would not be lifted until the country had fully denuclearized. On January 31, 2019, Biegun indicated that American negotiators may not demand that North Korea provide a full inventory of its nuclear and missile programs as a first step toward denuclearization, a demand that North Korea had been resisting.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/31/world/asia/us-north-korea-nuclear.html|title=U.S. Appears to Soften Timing for List of North Korea's Nuclear Assets|first=Edward|last=Wong|newspaper=The New York Times |date=January 31, 2019|access-date=February 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227203958/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/31/world/asia/us-north-korea-nuclear.html|archive-date=February 27, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Preparations==
===Preparatory talks===
{{overly detailed|section|date=March 2019}}
[[File:Secretary Pompeo and Chairman Kim Attend Working Lunch in Pyongyang (30213661367).jpg|thumb|left|United States Secretary of State Mike Pompeo with North Korea's Chairman Kim Jong
On October 7, 2018, Pompeo traveled to [[Pyongyang]] to negotiate the second summit between Trump and Kim Jong
On January 8, 2019, Kim Jong
=== Train journey to Vietnam ===
[[File:Melia Hanoi Hotel 02.JPG|thumb|Kim Jong
Kim Jong
Some experts analyzed Kim's motive for choosing to take a train instead of flying: Kim had wanted to follow [[Kim Il
== Meeting location ==
=== Locations considered ===
[[Bloomberg News|''Bloomberg'']] and the South Korean newspaper ''[[Munhwa Ilbo]]'' anticipated the location of the second Trump–Kim Summit to be Hanoi, due to Vietnam maintaining good diplomatic relations with both [[North Korea–Vietnam relations|North Korea]] and the [[United States–Vietnam relations|United States]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/trump-kim-likely-to-choose-hanoi-for-second-summit-report|title=Trump, Kim likely to choose Hanoi for second summit: Report|date=January 7, 2019|website=The Straits Times|access-date=January 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908092903/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/trump-kim-likely-to-choose-hanoi-for-second-summit-report|archive-date=September 8, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> During the 2019 [[State of the Union]] Address, Trump announced Vietnam as the host of the second meeting between the two leaders.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-47139969 |title=State of the Union: Trump announces second North Korea summit |work=BBC News |date=February 6, 2019 |access-date=February 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207214732/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-47139969 |archive-date=February 7, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/05/trump-reportedly-plans-to-meet-with-north-koreas-kim-jong-un-in-vietnam-on-february-27-28.html |title=Trump says his meeting with North Korea's Kim will be held in Hanoi |website=cnbc.com |date=February 6, 2019 |access-date=February 6, 2019
=== City choice ===
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=== First day ===
==== Meeting with Vietnamese leaders ====
[[File:President Trump's Trip to Vietnam (33352865778).jpg|thumb|President Donald Trump and General Secretary, President of Vietnam [[Nguyễn Phú Trọng]], February 27, 2019]]
Trump met [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam|General Secretary]], President of Vietnam [[Nguyễn Phú Trọng]] around 11:42 am local time. They watched the Vietnamese airline executives sign a series of business deals with U.S. companies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fortune.com/2019/02/26/trump-kim-summit-2019-live/|title=Trump-Kim Summit Live Updates: Trump Walks Out|website=Fortune|access-date=February 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228191917/http://fortune.com/2019/02/26/trump-kim-summit-2019-live/|archive-date=February 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Trump also had a meeting with the [[Prime Minister of Vietnam|Vietnamese prime minister]] [[Nguyễn Xuân Phúc]] on February 27.
====One-on-one meeting====
At Hanoi's Metropole Hotel, Trump and Kim Jong
==== Dinner ====
[[File:U.S.-DPRK delegation having dinner during Hanoi Summit.jpg|thumb|U.S. President Donald Trump and North Korean Chairman Kim Jong
Trump and Kim started with a social dinner in Hanoi on Wednesday.<ref name="President Trump and Chairman Kim"/> There were a few key attendees at the dinner; seated at the round table were U.S. Secretary of State [[Mike Pompeo]] and acting Chief of Staff [[Mick Mulvaney]], DPRK Vice Chairman [[Kim Yong-chol]], and Minister of Foreign Affairs [[Ri Yong-ho (diplomat)|Ri Yong-ho]]. Trump assured North Korea a "tremendous future for your country" in his initial comments with Kim Jong
On the first night of the summit, the White House announced that Trump and Kim Jong
=== Second day ===
====One-on-one meeting====
During the one-on-one meeting in Hanoi, Kim Jong
One month after the summit ended, ''Reuters'' reported that on the second day of the summit, Trump passed Kim Jong
==== End of summit ====
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On February 28, 2019, the White House announced that the summit was cut short and that no agreement was reached.<ref name=":0"/> Sanders did not tell reporters why the schedule was changed and whether there was going to be a signing ceremony; the unexpected turn of events caused stocks on the [[Korea Exchange|South Korea stock exchange]] to fall.<ref name=":0" /> Trump said in a press conference after the summit that it was cut short because North Korea wanted an end to economics sanctions. He elaborated and said: "Basically, they wanted the sanctions lifted in their entirety and we couldn't do that [...] We had to walk away from that particular suggestion. We had to walk away from that."<ref name=":0" />
During the press conference after the summit, Trump discussed American student [[Otto Warmbier]], who was imprisoned for 17 months by North Korea for conviction of subversion, and who died shortly after being returned comatose to the U.S. Trump said he believed Kim Jong
<!--PLEASE KEEP ANY ADDITIONS SHORT AND NON-REDUNDANT AND AVOID LENGTHY QUOTATIONS.-->
===== A news conference from North Korea =====
Hours later, in a rare move, North Korean officials called a news conference. Ri offered a different account of his country's position compared to Trump: North Korea had only proposed a partial lifting of sanctions. He stated that North Korea wanted 5 out of 11 sanctions originally imposed by the United Nations in 2016 and 2017 lifted; in exchange, Ri said that North Korea offered to "permanently and completely" dismantle its [[Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center|primary nuclear facility in Yongbyon]], and that American experts would be allowed to observe. Ri also quoted North Korea as proposing to put in writing that the country would end all nuclear tests and long-range missile tests. He said that the North Koreans saw that no agreement could be made after the United States demanded one further measure in addition to destroying the Yongbyon nuclear facility. Lastly, Ri concluded that North Korea's proposal would not be changed.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rucker |first1=Philip |last2=Denyer |first2=Simon |last3=Nakamura |first3=David |title=North Korea's foreign minister says country seeks only partial sanctions relief |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-and-kim-downplay-expectations-as-key-summit-talks-begin/2019/02/28/d77d752c-3ac5-11e9-aaae-69364b2ed137_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=
====News report====
[[NBC News]] reported that American negotiators had dropped their demand that North Korea provide a detailed inventory of its nuclear and missile programs on the second day of the summit. Nuclear scientist Dr. [[Siegfried Hecker]] claimed: "Yongbyon is the heart of North Korea's nuclear program, and if we are completely dismantling the Yongbyon nuclear facility, North Korea would never be able to make [[plutonium]] there again."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/u-s-drops-demand-full-accounting-n-korea-nuclear-program-n977251|title=U.S. drops demand for full accounting of N. Korea nuclear program ahead of talks|website=NBC News|date=February 27, 2019 |access-date=February 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228001753/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/u-s-drops-demand-full-accounting-n-korea-nuclear-program-n977251|archive-date=February 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Reactions and analysis ==
{{rough translation
{{rough translation
=== Pre-summit ===
Cheong Seong-chang, vice president of research planning at the [[Sejong Institute]] in South Korea, said: "After the first Trump–Kim summit, for 260 days, they did not waste their timeliness. Instead, they continuously finalized their negotiation strategies for the two leaders' agreement and terms for the next step to be discussed on the second Trump–Kim summit."<ref name="NBC-8">NBC-NEWS-JAPAN -
[[BBC News]] believed that Kim Jong
[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]] assumed that the impact of China on the second Trump–Kim summit would be significant. The relationship between China and North Korea is centered on "mutual benefit", but it differs from "mutual trust".<ref name="ALJ-8" /> Australian professor Carlyle Thayer claimed China and North Korea are of the corresponding inclination after Kim Jong
[[Andrew Kim]], former head of the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]'s Korea Mission Center, believes in Kim Jong-Un's genuine desire to achieve denuclearization and get a concession from the United States. In a speech Andrew Kim made on February 22 at [[Stanford University]], he said that Kim Jong
The ''[[Sydney Morning Herald]]'' reported that Kim Jong
=== Post-summit ===
==== South Korea and Japan ====
South Korea and Japan both supported Trump's decision to cut the summit short. However, a spokesman for Moon said "We do regret that President Trump and Kim Jong-un did not reach a complete agreement at today's summit," but also that the summit "made more meaningful progress than any other time in the past".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/south-korea-japan-back-trump-s-decision-walk-away-nuclear-n977551|title=Why N. Korea's neighbors are relieved Trump walked away from Kim talks|website=NBC News|date=February 28, 2019 |language=en|access-date=
<!-- Duplicated contents about Sohae Satellite Launching Station: Two days after the summit ended, satellite images showed that North Korea had already resumed working on its [[Sohae Satellite Launching Station|Sohae Launch Facility]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/north-korea/north-korea-rebuilding-long-range-rocket-site-photos-show-n979721|title=North Korea rebuilding long-range rocket site, photos show|last=Kube|first=Courtney|last2=Lee|first2=Carol|date=
===== South Korea =====
Jung Da-min, staff reporter at ''[[The Korea Times]]'', believed that the Hanoi summit was not a total loss since it still resulted in diplomacy between the two countries. Though no concrete agreement regarding denuclearization was reached, Kim Jong
Hwang Jihwan, a Professor in the Department of International Relations at the [[University of Seoul]], believed the no-deal outcome of the Hanoi summit was because both parties asked for more than what each could give.
''[[The Chosun Ilbo]]'' reported on May 30, 2019, that [[Kim Hyok-chol]], the lead working-level negotiator for North Korea at the Hanoi summit, was executed along with four other diplomats in March 2019. It also reported that Kim Yong-chol was sentenced to hard labor.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-30/north-korea-envoy-executed-over-trump-kim-summit-chosun-reports|title=North Korea Envoy Executed Over Trump-Kim Summit, Chosun Reports|newspaper=Bloomberg |date=May 30, 2019|via=www.bloomberg.com|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530232139/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-30/north-korea-envoy-executed-over-trump-kim-summit-chosun-reports|archive-date=May 30, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-usa-purge-idUSKCN1T02PD|title=North Korea's Kim Jong Un carrying out purge after Hanoi summit...|newspaper=Reuters |date=May 30, 2019|via=www.reuters.com|access-date=May 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530232145/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-usa-purge-idUSKCN1T02PD|archive-date=May 30, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2019/05/31/2019053101126.html|title=Kim Jong-un 'Brutally Purged Officials' After Failed Summit|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|author=Kim Myong-song|date=May 31, 2019|access-date=May 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531033124/http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2019/05/31/2019053101126.html|archive-date=May 31, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> However, several photos were later released on June 3, 2019, showing Kim Yong-chol alive and attending a musical performance alongside Kim Jong Un and [[Ri Sol-ju]].<ref>{{Cite web|work=[[NK News]]|last=Hotham|first=Oliver|date=June 2, 2019|url=https://www.nknews.org/2019/06/amid-purge-reports-kim-yong-chol-reappears-alongside-north-korean-leader/ |title=Amid purge reports, Kim Yong Chol reappears alongside North Korean leader |access-date=June 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614113517/https://www.nknews.org/2019/06/amid-purge-reports-kim-yong-chol-reappears-alongside-north-korean-leader |archive-date=June 14, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20190603000351315 |title=(LEAD) N. Korean leader watches art performance with Kim Yong-chol amid rumor of purge|work=[[Yonhap News Agency]]|date=June 3, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626005438/https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20190603000351315 |archive-date=June 26, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
==== United States ====
A [[Monmouth University]] poll found that while 65% of those surveyed—including 42% of Democrats—agreed that holding the summit was a good idea, 44% said it was likely to help reduce the North Korean nuclear threat.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/433047-less-than-half-of-americans-think-second-trump-kim-reduced |title= North Korea nuclear threat: poll |first= BRETT |last= SAMUELS |date= March 7, 2019
Former special assistant to U.S. President [[Ronald Reagan]] and a senior fellow at the [[Cato Institute]], [[Doug Bandow]], compared North Korea and U.S. relations to that of Reagan and [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], where the agreement resulted in the end of the [[Cold War]]. Bandow contended that Trump was demanding unrealistically for Kim Jong Un to dismantle all his nuclear facilities, whereas Kim was only agreeing to shut down the [[Nyongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center|Nyongbyon Nuclear facility]] in exchange for a partial lifting of a few UN sanctions against his country. Asking continuously for an all nukes for sanctions deal is deemed as malicious in its intent and illogical and that it would put a strain on U.S.–North Korean relationships, which were volatile in the past, and could result in more problems for the U.S. and its allies in Asia, according to Bandow.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/korea-watch/hanoi-summit-%E2%80%93-we-asked-doug-bandow-what-happens-next-us-north-korea-relations|title=The Hanoi Summit – We Asked Doug Bandow What Happens Next in U.S.-North Korea Relations|first=Doug|last=Bandow|date=March 12, 2019|website=The National Interest|access-date=April 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401175155/https://nationalinterest.org/blog/korea-watch/hanoi-summit-%25E2%2580%2593-we-asked-doug-bandow-what-happens-next-us-north-korea-relations|archive-date=April 1, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Douglas Dillon, Professor of Government at the [[Harvard Kennedy School]], and former director of Harvard's Belfer Center, Graham T. Allison, believed that the Hanoi summit
U.S. Senior Expert on North Korea, Frank Aum, said that future goals of the [[Trump administration]] should be the founding of smaller deals that resulted from the Hanoi summit. Deals that include the declaration of the end of the [[Korean War]], the exchange of liaison offices in both Pyongyang and Washington, some sanctions relief, and verified dismantling of some of North Korea's nuclear facilities ([[Nyongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center|Nyngbyon]], [[Punggye-ri]], and [[Sohae Satellite Launching Station|Dongchang-ri]]) are attainable. According to Aum, Trump's "Big Deal" approach to North Korea would have been unrealistic, since it is not possible to achieve complete denuclearization in two years. He also said that some of the road-maps to establishing complete denuclearization might be the most hopeful solution.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/korea-watch/hanoi-summit-%E2%80%93-we-asked-frank-aum-what-happens-next-us-north-korea-relations-47147|title=The Hanoi Summit – We Asked Frank Aum What Happens Next in U.S.-North Korea Relations|first=Frank|last=Aum|date=March 12, 2019|website=The National Interest|access-date=March 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329102529/https://nationalinterest.org/blog/korea-watch/hanoi-summit-%25E2%2580%2593-we-asked-frank-aum-what-happens-next-us-north-korea-relations-47147|archive-date=March 29, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
A political scientist specializing in international security, Christopher J. Watterson, argued in ''[[The Diplomat]]'' that "North Korea's willingness to give up fissile material production in Nyongbyon might reflect an intent to shift operations to [[Kangson enrichment site|Kangson]], rather than an intent to cease fissile material production altogether".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thediplomat.com/2019/03/what-the-hanoi-summit-tells-us-about-north-koreas-nuclear-intentions/ |title=What the Hanoi Summit Tells Us About North Korea's Nuclear Intentions |first=Christopher |last=Watterson |date=March 6, 2019 |website=[[The Diplomat]] |access-date=August 13, 2020 |archive-date=September 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200912201131/https://thediplomat.com/2019/03/what-the-hanoi-summit-tells-us-about-north-koreas-nuclear-intentions/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
''Reuters'' revealed the existence of a document handed to Kim Jong
Abby Bard, a research associate for Asia policy at the [[Center for American Progress]], suggested Trump and Kim Jong
Despite the collapse of the Hanoi summit, Katharine Moon, professor of political sciences and the Wasserman Chair of Asian Studies at [[Wellesley College]], said that there were good things that came out of it: it opened doors for further negotiations in the future, and these talks require working-level counterparts that aim to pursue respective and mutual interests between the two countries to breakthrough their engagement.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/korea-watch/hanoi-summit-%E2%80%93-we-asked-katharine-moon-what-happens-next-us-north-korea-relations|title=The Hanoi Summit – We Asked Katharine Moon What Happens Next in U.S.-North Korea Relations|first=Katharine|last=Moon|date=March 12, 2019|website=The National Interest|access-date=April 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403105029/https://nationalinterest.org/blog/korea-watch/hanoi-summit-%E2%80%93-we-asked-katharine-moon-what-happens-next-us-north-korea-relations|archive-date=April 3, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
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House Speaker [[Nancy Pelosi]] said that she was glad Trump walked away from the second summit without a joint agreement. She emphasized that "What [the U.S. wants] is the denuclearization of North Korea," and she also believes that although North Korea wanted the sanctions lifted, but refused to give up all their nuclear weapons, it was right that Trump decided not to sign any deal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/28/politics/pelosi-trump-north-korea-kim-jong-un-vietnam-summit/index.html|title=Pelosi on North Korea talks: 'I'm glad that the president walked away'|author=Clare Foran and Ashley Killough|website=CNN|date=February 28, 2019 |access-date=March 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190310175007/https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/28/politics/pelosi-trump-north-korea-kim-jong-un-vietnam-summit/index.html|archive-date=March 10, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Se Young Jang, a fellow at the Stanton Nuclear Security at [[MIT]]'s Security Studies Program, said timing was crucial compared to the previous Clinton Administration's [[Agreed Framework]] with North Korea that failed to proceed. Trump and Kim Jong
Pompeo said in an interview with CBS on April 5 that he believed that the summit was an opportunity for both the U.S. and North Korea to have a deeper understanding of each other, and hoped that a third Trump–Kim summit would happen in the near future. He also believed that [[South Korea]] is helping with the denuclearization efforts, and he understands that many North and South Koreans have the same blood and they are family.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nknews.org/2019/04/pompeo-hopes-for-third-u-s-north-korea-summit/|title=Pompeo hopes for third U.S. - North Korea summit - NK News - North Korea News|date=April 5, 2019|website=
==== Malaysia ====
Dr. Chiew-Ping Hoo, a professor at the [[National University of Malaysia]], said that the negotiations at the Hanoi summit changed when Bolton was added to the panel. He advised to broaden focus from the Yongbyon nuclear site, and add other sites that produced [[Weapon of mass destruction|weapons of mass destruction]]. Trump had agreed with Bolton's advice due to U.S. domestic issues, which resulted in a no-deal outcome for the summit. Hoo also believed that North Korea is not convinced that changing the deal is the right course, but to return to the pre-Hanoi agreement details.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/korea-watch/hanoi-summit-%E2%80%93-we-asked-chiew-ping-hoo-what-happens-next-us-north-korea-relations|title=The Hanoi Summit – We Asked Chiew-Ping Hoo What Happens Next in U.S.-North Korea Relations|first=Chiew-Ping|last=Hoo|date=March 12, 2019|website=The National Interest|access-date=April 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401175603/https://nationalinterest.org/blog/korea-watch/hanoi-summit-%25E2%2580%2593-we-asked-chiew-ping-hoo-what-happens-next-us-north-korea-relations|archive-date=April 1, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><!-- Paragraphs up to the next subsection should probably be moved elsewhere -->
Moon was ready to meet with Kim Jong Un for a fourth time to try and save the stalled denuclearization deals between the U.S. and North Korea; however, Kim Jong
Despite the unresolved Hanoi deal, Trump was optimistic that a denuclearization deal
[[Joseph Y. Yun|Joseph Yun]], the American [[United States Special Representative for North Korea Policy|Special Representative for North Korea Policy]] until March 2018, said of the summit's outcome: "This really speaks to the lack of preparation. You cannot draft a joint statement out of nothing. They never quite got around to building a consensus around sanctions, and that led to the deadlock."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/trumps-approach-to-diplomacy-hits-a-snag-in-north-korean-summit-11551364265|title=Trump's Approach to Diplomacy Hits a Snag in North Korean Summit|first=Michael R.|last=Gordon|newspaper=Wall Street Journal |date=February 28, 2019|via=www.wsj.com|access-date=March 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302183749/https://www.wsj.com/articles/trumps-approach-to-diplomacy-hits-a-snag-in-north-korean-summit-11551364265|archive-date=March 2, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
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[[Richard N. Haass|Richard Haass]], president of the [[Council on Foreign Relations]] think tank, stated, "No deal is better than a bad deal, and the president was right to walk. But this should not have happened. A busted summit is the risk you run when too much faith is placed in personal relations with a leader like Kim, when the summit is inadequately prepared, and when the president had signaled he was confident of success."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/28/world/asia/trump-north-korea-nuclear-sanctions.html|title=Trump-Kim Summit's Collapse Exposes the Risks of One-to-One Diplomacy|first=David E.|last=Sanger|newspaper=The New York Times |date=February 28, 2019|access-date=March 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302222715/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/28/world/asia/trump-north-korea-nuclear-sanctions.html|archive-date=March 2, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
Trump was poorly received for his stance on the Warmbier incident.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/01/us/trump-otto-warmbier-north-korea.html|title=Trump Faces Fury After Saying He Believes North Korean Leader on Student's Death|first1=Julie|last1=Bosman|first2=Kevin|last2=Williams|newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 1, 2019|access-date=March 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190313191956/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/01/us/trump-otto-warmbier-north-korea.html|archive-date=March 13, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> His supportive remarks for Kim Jong
==== China and Russia ====
[[
===Plans for another summit===
On June 12, 2019,<ref name=scmpspeaks>{{Cite web |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/east-asia/article/3014106/donald-trump-says-he-received-beautiful-letter-north-koreas-kim |title=Donald Trump says he received 'beautiful letter' from North Korea's Kim Jong-un |work=South China Morning Post|agency=Reuters|date=June 12, 2019 |access-date=June 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627002246/https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/east-asia/article/3014106/donald-trump-says-he-received-beautiful-letter-north-koreas-kim |archive-date=June 27, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Trump received a letter from Kim Jong
==June 2019 DMZ Summit==
{{Main|2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit}}
On June 30, 2019, Kim Jong
== Satellite imagery of Sohae Launching Station ==
Days after the summit ended, commercial satellite imagery indicated that reconstruction of the [[Sohae Satellite Launching Station]], which previously appeared to be in the middle of dismantling by North Korea, may have been performed during the summit, and that the site could be operational.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/05/world/asia/north-korea-missile-site.html|title=North Korea Has Started Rebuilding Key Missile-Test Facilities, Analysts Say|first=Choe|last=Sang-Hun|newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 5, 2019|access-date=March 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307200843/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/05/world/asia/north-korea-missile-site.html|archive-date=March 7, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite
== See also ==
Line 223 ⟶ 227:
* [[May 2018 inter-Korean summit]]
* [[Kim–Xi meetings]] (First meeting to fifth meeting, 2018–2019)
* [[List of international trips made by Kim Jong
==References==
Line 245 ⟶ 249:
[[Category:2019 in North Korea|United States summit]]
[[Category:2019 in Vietnam]]
[[Category:Kim Jong Un]]
[[Category:North Korea–United States relations|2019]]▼
[[Category:Presidency of Donald Trump]]
▲[[Category:North Korea–United States relations|2019]]
[[Category:South Korea–United States relations]]
[[Category:North Korea–Vietnam relations]]
[[Category:South Korea–Vietnam relations]]
[[Category:21st century in Hanoi]]
[[Category:Trump administration controversies]]
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