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Undid revision. Is it not common knowledge that Yale College is one of the most prestigious undergraduate institutions in the United States? I am having trouble understanding why the Harvard College page has the special distinction when Yale, a rather similar institution in terms of instruction and capacity, has not had its fair share. 1194781972 by GuardianH (talk) |
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{{For|the college in Wales|Yale College, Wrexham}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Yale College
| image = Yale College.svg
| image_size = 150px
| image_alt =
| caption = [[Coat of arms]]
| former_name = The Collegiate School
| motto = {{Script/Hebrew|אורים ותמים}} ([[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]; [[Urim and Thummim#In popular culture|''ʾÛrîm wə-Tummîm'']])
| mottoeng = Light and truth
| type = [[Private school|Private]]
| established = {{start date and age|1701}}
| founder =
| parent = [[Yale University]]
| affiliation =
|
| state = [[Connecticut]]
| country = United States
| coordinates = {{Coord|41|18|42|N|72|55|31|W|region:US_type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| dean = [[Pericles Lewis]]
| undergrad = 6,092 (2020)<ref name = enrollment>{{cite web |title=Common Data Set 2019–2020 |url=https://oir.yale.edu/sites/default/files/cds_2019-2020_yale_vf_030420.pdf |publisher=Yale University |
| free_label = Alumni
| free = 75,021{{ref label|alumni|b|}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Alumni (living) by Yale school|publisher=Yale University Office of Institutional Research|url=http://oir.yale.edu/yale-factsheet|access-date=March 23, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140701134747/http://oir.yale.edu/yale-factsheet|archive-date=July 1, 2014|df= mdy-all}}</ref>
| website = {{url|yalecollege.yale.edu}}
| logo =
| logo_alt =
| footnotes = {{ref label|alumni|b|}} The number of living alumni as of the year 2012 }}
[[Image:Harkness Tower.jpg|thumb|260px|[[Harkness Tower]] at Yale]]▼
[[File:Elihu Yale Memorial, St. Mary's Church, Madras.jpg|thumb|260px|Elihu Yale Memorial, [[St. Mary's Church, Chennai|St. Mary's Church, Madras]]]]▼
'''Yale College''' is the undergraduate college of [[Yale University]]. Founded in 1701, it is the original school of the university. Although other Yale schools were founded as early as 1810, all of Yale was officially known as Yale College until 1887, when its schools were [[collegiate university|confederated]] and the institution was renamed Yale University. It is ranked as one of the
Originally established to train [[Congregationalist]] ministers, the college began teaching humanities and natural sciences by the late 18th century. At the same time, students began organizing extracurricular organizations: first [[College literary societies|literary societies]], and later publications, sports teams, and singing groups. By the middle of the 19th century, it was the largest college in the United States. In 1847, it was joined by another undergraduate school at Yale, the [[Sheffield Scientific School]], which was absorbed into the college in 1956. These merged curricula became the basis of the modern-day [[liberal arts]] curriculum, which requires students to take courses in a broad range of subjects, including foreign language, composition, sciences, and quantitative reasoning, in addition to electing a [[major (academic)|departmental major]] in their sophomore year.
The most distinctive feature of undergraduate life is the school's [[residential colleges of Yale University|system of residential colleges]], established in 1932, and modeled after the constituent colleges of [[Oxbridge|English universities]]. Undergraduates live in these colleges after their freshman year, when most live on the school's [[Old Campus (Yale University)|Old Campus]].
▲The most distinctive feature of undergraduate life is the school's [[residential colleges of Yale University|system of residential colleges]], established in 1932 and modeled after the constituent colleges of [[Oxbridge|English universities]]. Undergraduates live in these colleges after their freshman year, when most live on the school's [[Old Campus (Yale University)|Old Campus]].
==History==
[[File:Yale family chrest.jpg|thumb|left|The coat of arms of the College is inspired by the coat of arms of [[Elihu Yale]]]]▼
{{See also|Yale University#History|l1=History of Yale University}}
▲[[File:Yale family chrest.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|left|The coat of arms of the College is inspired by the coat of arms of [[Elihu Yale]]]]
▲[[File:Elihu Yale Memorial, St. Mary's Church, Madras.jpg|thumb|
The Collegiate School was founded in 1701 by a charter drawn by ten [[Congregationalism in the United States|Congregationalist]] ministers led by [[James Pierpont (minister)|James Pierpont]] and approved by the General Court of the [[Colony of Connecticut]]. Originally situated in [[Abraham Pierson|Abraham Pierson's]] home in [[Killingworth, Connecticut]], the college moved to [[Old Saybrook, Connecticut]] in 1703, when Nathaniel Lynde, the first treasurer of Yale, donated land and a building. The college moved again to [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]] in 1718, and was renamed for [[Elihu Yale]], an early benefactor, merchant, and
Scientific courses introduced by chemist [[Benjamin Silliman]] in 1801, made the college an early hub of scientific education, a curriculum which was grafted into Yale's [[Sheffield Scientific School]] in 1847.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Conniff |first=Richard |title=How The Sciences Came to Yale |magazine=Yale Alumni Magazine |date=March 2015 |url=https://www.yalealumnimagazine.com/articles/4066/how-science-came-to-yale |
The relaxation of curriculum came with expansion of the extracurriculum. Student literary societies emerged as early as 1750, singing groups and student publications in the early 1800s, fraternities and [[secret societies]] in the mid-nineteenth century, and intercollegiate athletics by the century's end.<ref>{{
By 1870, Yale was the largest undergraduate institution in the country.<ref name="Thelin" /> The growth of the student body prompted major growth in the college's physical campus, the greatest expansion of which occurred in 1933, when a gift of [[Edward Harkness|Edward S. Harkness]] created and endowed eight [[residential colleges of Yale University|residential colleges]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Pierson |first=George W. |title=Yale: The University College, 1921–1937 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |date=1955}}</ref> Modeled after the college system of [[Oxford University|Oxford]] and [[Cambridge University|Cambridge Universities]], the colleges were intended to be the social and residential centers of undergraduate life while leaving academic programs under the oversight of university's departments. Two additional colleges were built by 1940, and two more in the 1960s.
===Admission and exclusion===
For most of its history, study at Yale was almost exclusively restricted to white [[Protestant]] men, often the children of alumni. Documented exceptions to this paradigm include Hawaiian native [[Henry ʻŌpūkahaʻia]], who became a student of Yale President [[Timothy Dwight IV|Timothy Dwight]] in 1809, and
In the early 20th century, the student body was predominantly "old-stock, high-status Protestants, especially Episcopalians, Congregationalists, and Presbyterians"—a group later called [[WASPs]]. By the 1970s, it was much more diverse.<ref>{{cite book|author=Jerome Karabel|title=The Chosen: The Hidden History of Admission and Exclusion at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|url=https://archive.org/details/chosen00jero_0|url-access=registration|year=2006|page=[https://archive.org/details/chosen00jero_0/page/23 23]}}</ref>
Enrollment at Yale only became competitive in the early 20th century, requiring the college to set up an admissions process. As late as the 1950s, tests and demographic questionnaires for admission to the college worked to exclude non-Christian men, especially Jews, as well as non-white men.<ref name="Kabaservice1999">{{cite magazine |last=Kabaservice |first=Geoffrey |title=The Birth of a New Institution |magazine=Yale Alumni Magazine |date=December 1999 |url=https://archives.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/99_12/admissions.html |
In recent years, the college has focused on international recruitment, quadrupling the fraction of international students admitted between 1993 and 2013.<ref>{{cite book |last=Wildavsky |first=Ben |title=The Great Brain Race: How Global Universities are Reshaping the World |year=2012 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn= 9780691154558 |page=33}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Christofforsen |first=John |title=Yale President Levin Stepping Down after 20 Years |date=August 30, 2012 |newspaper=
==Organization==
[[
Yale College is a [[collegiate university|constituent school]] of Yale University and contains a [[Collegiate university#dependent college|dependent system]] of [[residential college]]s. Its executive officer is the Dean of Yale College, who is appointed to a five-year term by the [[Yale Corporation]].<ref name="Bylaws">{{cite web |title=The Yale Corporation By-Laws |publisher=Yale University |date=September 28, 2013 |url=http://www.yale.edu/about/bylaws.html |
All of the college's [[faculty (division)|faculty]] are members of the Yale Faculty of Arts and Sciences and are thereby jointly affiliated with the [[Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences|Graduate School of Arts and Sciences]]. [[Tenure (academic)|Tenured]] members of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences constitute the Board of Permanent Officers, who govern the school's curriculum and programs.<ref name="Bylaws" /> Most undergraduate courses and [[major (academic)|majors]] are offered under the purview of [[academic departments]], divisions of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences which offer undergraduate and graduate curricula.<ref>Unlike many American universities, Yale does not have a system of divisional [[minor (academic)|minors]].</ref> In addition, the faculties of three Yale [[professional schools]], the [[Yale School of Art|School of Art]], [[Yale School of Architecture|School of Architecture]] and [[Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies|School of Forestry & Environmental Studies]], also offer undergraduate programs.<ref name="Handbook">{{cite web |url=http://provost.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Faculty_Handbook_8_2013.pdf |title=Faculty Handbook |date=August 2013 |publisher=Yale University Office of the Provost |
Residential colleges, which are funded and controlled by the university, have separate administration and limited self-governance. The Heads of College (before
==Residential colleges==
[[File:Branford Court spring 2.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Students at leisure in [[Branford College]]]]▼
{{Main|Residential colleges of Yale University}}
The most distinctive feature of Yale College undergraduate life is the residential college system.<ref>{{cite web |title=Residential Colleges |publisher=Yale College |url=http://yalecollege.yale.edu/content/residential-colleges |
Harkness' gift built and endowed eight colleges, completed from 1932 to 1934. Additional colleges were opened in 1935 ([[Timothy Dwight College]]), 1940 ([[Silliman College]]), 1962 ([[Morse College]] and [[Ezra Stiles College]]), and 2017 ([[Pauli Murray College]] and [[Benjamin Franklin College]]), bringing the present-day number to fourteen. The first ten colleges were designed in [[Collegiate Gothic]] and [[Georgian architecture|Georgian Revival]] styles; the two colleges built in the 1960s are [[Modern architecture|Modernist]] reinventions of the college plan. In 2007, Yale announced the construction of two additional Collegiate Gothic residential colleges near [[Science Hill (Yale University)|Science Hill]], which opened in 2017.
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===List of residential colleges===
Residential colleges are named for important figures or places in university history or notable alumni; they are deliberately not named for benefactors.
▲[[File:Branford Court spring 2.JPG|thumb|
#[[Benjamin Franklin College (Yale University)|Benjamin Franklin College]] – named for [[Founding Fathers of the United States|Founding Father]] [[Benjamin Franklin]].
#[[Berkeley College (Yale)|Berkeley College]] – named for [[George Berkeley]] (1685–1753), early benefactor of Yale.
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#[[Davenport College]] – named for [[John Davenport (clergyman)|John Davenport]], the founder of New Haven. Often called "D'port."
#[[Ezra Stiles College]] – named for [[Ezra Stiles]], a president of Yale. Designed by [[Eero Saarinen]].
#[[Jonathan Edwards College]] – named for theologian and [[Princeton University]] co-founder [[Jonathan Edwards (theology)|Jonathan Edwards]]. Usually called "J.E."
#[[Grace Hopper College]] – named for Admiral [[Grace Murray Hopper]], Yale Ph.D. and computer pioneer. Until 2017, this college was named for [[John C. Calhoun]], Vice President of the United States. The smallest college.
#[[Morse College]] – named for [[Samuel Morse]], inventor of [[Morse Code]]. Also designed by [[Eero Saarinen]].
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===Singing groups===
Yale College has been called "the epicenter of college singing," both for its long history of singing groups and its centrality in establishing [[collegiate a cappella]] in the United States. The earliest choral group, the Beethoven Society, dates to 1812 and emerged in the mid-nineteenth century as the [[Yale Glee Club]].<ref
===Publications===
Student publications at Yale date back as far as 1806, but the earliest still in print, the ''[[Yale Literary Magazine]]'', was founded in 1836 and is believed to be the oldest surviving literary review in the United States.{{sfn|Kelley|1999|pp=226}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Mott |first=Frank L. |title=A History of American Magazines, 1741–1850 |volume=1 |page=488 |date=1930 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn= 9780674395503}}</ref> Undergraduate publications like the ''Yale Banner'', a yearbook, and ''[[The Yale Record]]'', a humor magazine, followed suit, often around the same time similar publications were established at Harvard and Princeton.<ref name="WelchCamp">{{cite book |last1=Welch |first1=Lewis Sheldon |last2=Camp |first2=Walter |author-link2=Walter Camp |title=Yale, her campus, class-rooms, and athletics |year=1899 |publisher=L. C. Page and Company |location=Boston |url=https://archive.org/details/yalehercampuscla01welc |
===Secret societies===
[[File:Yale-scroll-and-key.jpg|thumb|
In 1832, a rift over [[Phi Beta Kappa]] inductions between the college's two debating societies, [[Linonia]] and [[Brothers in Unity]], caused seniors to establish the first [[secret society]] at the university, [[Skull and Bones]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Schiff |first=Judith |title=How The Secret Societies Got That Way |date=Sep–Oct 2004 |magazine=Yale Alumni Magazine |url=http://archives.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/2004_09/old_yale.html |
Their activities have varied over time and across societies, but most societies meet for dinners, discussion, drinking, and long-form disclosure of members' life history.<ref name="Alden Branch"/><ref name="RobbinsBook">{{cite book |last=Robbins |first=Alexandra |title=Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power |url=https://archive.org/details/secretsoftombsku00robb |url-access=registration |date=2002 |publisher=Little, Brown |isbn=9780759527379}}</ref> Despite a long history of social exclusion—of Jews and women in particular—many of these societies have prioritized membership diversity in the last several decades.<ref>{{cite book |last=Oren |first=Dan A. |title=Joining the Club: A History of Jews and Yale |date=1986 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |isbn=9780300033304 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/joiningclubhist00oren }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE6DE1738F935A3575AC0A967958260|title=Yale Alumni Block Women in Secret Club|date=September 6, 1991|work=[[The New York Times]]|
==In popular culture==
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==References==
{{
==Further reading==
* {{cite book|ref=none |last=Clap |first=Thomas |author-link=Thomas Clap |title=The annals or history of Yale-college |year=1766 |publisher=John Hotchkiss and B. Mecom |url=https://archive.org/details/annalsorhistory00clapgoog |
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* {{cite book|ref=none |last1=Welch |first1=Lewis Sheldon |last2=Camp |first2=Walter |author-link2=Walter Camp |title=Yale, her campus, class-rooms, and athletics |year=1899 |publisher=L. C. Page and Company |location=Boston |url=https://archive.org/details/yalehercampuscla01welc |access-date=March 23, 2014}}
==External links==
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{{Yale}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Yale College| ]]
[[Category:Yale University schools|College]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1701]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in the 18th century]]
[[Category:1701 establishments in Connecticut]]
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