Scottish Militia Bill: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|UK1708 United Kingdom legislation ofvetoed 1708by Queen Anne}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{infobox UK legislation
The '''Scottish Militia Bill 1708''' (known formerly as the '''Scotch Militia Bill''') was a [[Bill (proposed law)|bill]] that was passed by the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]] and [[House of Lords]] of the Parliament of [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]] in early 1708. However, on 11 March 1708,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1690-1715/parliament/1705 |title=Parliaments: 1705 |author= |website=The History of Parliament |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |access-date=6 November 2016 |quote="On 11 Mar. 1708, when the Queen attended the Lords to give assent to several bills, she used her prerogative of veto against one, the bill for settling the Scottish militia."}} <!-- Note that per WP:OSNS we record this as 11 March 1708, but contemporary records would put it in 1707 as the legal year did not start until 25 March. --></ref> [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]] withheld [[royal assent]] on the advice of her ministers for fear that the proposed [[militia]] would be disloyal.<ref>Queen Anne's veto is recorded as "La Reine se avisera" ("The Queen will consider it") in 18 H.L. Jour. 506 (1707).</ref>
|parliament=Parliament of Great Britain
|type= act
|long_title = A Bill for settling the Militia of that Part of Great Britain called Scotland
|short_title= Scottish Militia Bill
|year= 1708
|status=not_passed
}}
The '''Scottish Militia Bill 1708''' (known formerly as the '''Scotch Militia Bill''') was a [[Bill (proposed law)|bill]] that was passed by the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]] and [[House of Lords]] of the [[Parliament of Great Britain|Parliament]] of [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]] in early 1708. However, on 11 March 1708,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1690-1715/parliament/1705 |title=Parliaments: 1705 |author= |website=The History of Parliament |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |access-date=6 November 2016 |quote="On 11 Mar. 1708, when the Queen attended the Lords to give assent to several bills, she used her prerogative of veto against one, the bill for settling the Scottish militia."}} <!-- Note that per WP:OSNS we record this as 11 March 1708, but contemporary records would put it in 1707 as the legal year did not start until 25 March. --></ref> [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]] withheld [[royal assent]] on the advice of her ministers for fear that the proposed [[militia]] would be disloyal. This was due to the sudden appearance of a [[Planned French invasion of Britain (1708)|Franco-Jacobite invasion fleet]] en route to Scotland which gave ministers second thoughts, at the last minute, about allowing it to reach the statute books. {{as of|2024}}, it is the last occasion on which the royal [[veto]] has been used in Great Britain or the United Kingdom.<ref>Queen Anne's veto is recorded as "La Reine se s'avisera" ("The Queen will consider it") in 18 H.L. Jour. 506 (1707).</ref>
 
==Content==
The bill's long title was "An Act for settling the Militia of that Part of Great Britain called Scotland". Its object was to arm the Scottish militia, which had not been recreated at the [[Restoration (Scotland)|Restoration]]. This happened as the unification between Scotland and England under the [[Acts of Union 1707]] had been passed.
 
On the day the bill was meant to be signed, news came that the French were sailing toward Scotland for the [[Planned French invasion of Britain (1708)|planned invasion of 1708]] and there was suspicion that the Scots might be disloyal. Therefore, support for a veto was strong and the Queen refused her royal assent to the bill.
 
==Significance==
The Scottish Militia Bill 1708 is the last bill to have been refused royal assent. Before this, [[William III of England|King William III]] had vetoed bills passed by Parliament six times. Royal assent to bills generally came to be viewed as a mere formality once both Houses of Parliament had successfully read a bill three times, or a general election had taken place. No royal veto has taken place for legislation since.{{efn|In 2023, [[Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill]] was subject to a post-legislative veto, however the bill was vetoed by the Secretary of State for Scotland (who has power to do so under section 35 of the [[Scotland Act 1998]]), not by the Sovereign.}}
 
In the British colonies, the denial of royal assent (exercised on the advice of ministers) had continued past 1708,{{fact|date=September 2023}} and was one of the primary complaints of the [[United States Declaration of Independence]] in 1776: that the King "has refused his Assent to Laws, most wholesome and necessary for the public Good" and "He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing Importance". Similar provisions existed elsewhere in the [[British Empire]], most notably [[disallowance and reservation in Canada]], which fell into disuse in the 20th century.
 
== Notes ==
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==References==
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