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{{short description|Design process}}
{{for|embossing metal|Repoussé and chasing}}
{{Refimprove|date=April 2008}}
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[[Image:Moon-type-map.jpg|right|thumbnail|A debossed map of the [[British Isles]], from [[Moon type|William Moon]]'s ''Light for the Blind'', published in 1877.]]
[[File:Embosser at Huntington FL jeh.jpg|thumb|Hand-operated embossing machine]]
[[File:Vitprägel.jpg|thumb|Hand-operated embossing for a [[photographer]]'s [[copyright notice]].]]
'''Embossing''' and '''debossing''' are the processes of creating either raised or recessed relief images and designs in [[paper]] and other materials. An '''embossed''' pattern is raised against the background, while a '''debossed''' pattern is sunken into the surface of the material (but might protrude somewhat on the reverse, back side).▼
▲'''Embossing''' and '''debossing''' are the processes of creating either raised or recessed relief images and designs in [[paper]] and other materials. An '''embossed''' pattern is raised against the background, while a '''debossed''' pattern is sunken into the surface of the material
==Techniques==
Often used in combination with foil stamping, embossing alters the surface of paper stock or other substrates by providing a three-dimensional or raised effect on selected areas. The procedure requires the use of two dies: one that is raised and one that is recessed. The dies fit into each other so that when the paper is pressed between them, the raised die forces the stock into the recessed die and creates the embossed impression. A specific level of pressure is applied to the dies in order to squeeze the fibers of the paper, which results in a permanently raised area in the paper. When the dies are produced, a die maker engraves the desired image into several metal plates, which are the embossing dies for use on an embossing press. A thorough understanding of the process will enable a more successful result. Generally, embossing is the process most often employed to attract attention or convey a high quality textural contrast in relation to the surrounding area of the paper stock.
Embossing is basically used to create a distinctive effect. The greatest concern and emphasis on the client’s behalf should be placed on the outcome of the embossed effect. In order to achieve the best possible effect, it is important to understand the embossing process and the types of dies that are used for embossing. The three factors that need to be controlled during the embossing process are:
# Pressure: the intensity of the impact on the weight of the stock being embossed.
# Heat: the ability to maintain a consistent heat level for the best impression.
# Die depth: the client's artwork or the engraver's efforts will initially determine the die depth, however, if by looking at the artwork it appears that an adjustment of the die depth may be necessary, the die may need to be retooled to achieve a greater depth. Most types of paper can be embossed, and size is not normally a consideration. Embossing without ink, so that the image is raised but not colored, is called
Embossing involves a separate stage in the production process, after any varnishing and laminating. It requires a separate press run, and is priced accordingly. In addition to being used as a design element, embossing can be used to improve the performance of paper products like napkins, diapers, and [[tissue paper]].
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===Blind emboss===
[[File:Embossing-stationery.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|Blind embossed stationary]]
Blind embossing does not include the use of ink or foil to highlight the embossed area. The change in the dimensional appearance of the material is the only noticeable difference resulting from the embossing. The blind embossing process provides a clean and distinctive or subtle image on paper stock. It is best used to create a subtle impression or low level of attention to the piece, yet provide some slight form of differentiation for the finished work.
===Registered emboss===
Registered embossing is a process that places the embossed image in alignment with another element created with ink, foil, punching, or with a second embossed image.
===Combination emboss===
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==On stamps==
[[File:1886 embossed 1s9d specimen revenue stamp.jpg|thumbnail|right|Embossing on an 1886 [[revenue stamp]] of Great Britain.]]
Embossing has been used regularly on [[postage stamp|postage]] and other types of stamps. The embossed paper of a [[letter sheet]] or [[stamped envelope]] is called an [[indicium]]. Notable early examples include some of the earliest stamps of Italy, [[KwaZulu-Natal Province|Natal]], and Switzerland, as well as the early high values of Great Britain (1847–54).<ref name=sgcomm>''Stanley Gibbons Stamp Catalogue: Commonwealth and British Empire Stamps
==See also==
* [[Art movement]]
* [[Creativity techniques]]
* [[Gilding]]<!-- sometimes combined technique -->
* [[List of art media]]
* [[List of art movements]]
* [[List of art techniques]]
* [[List of stationery topics]]
* [[Relief]]
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==References and sources==
{{reflist}}
;Sources▼
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=f6lIAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA97&dq=Embossing&as_brr=1&ie=ISO-8859-1#PRA1-PA97,M1nternational Library of Technology]▼
{{commons category|Embossing}}▼
▲*[https://books.google.com/books?id=f6lIAAAAMAAJ
{{Wiktionary}}
{{Decorative arts}}
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