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'''Cuteness''' is a type of [[Physical attractiveness|attractiveness]] commonly associated with [[youth]] and [[Human physical appearance|appearance]], as well as a scientific concept and analytical model in [[ethology]], first introduced by Austrian [[Ethology|ethologist]] [[Konrad Lorenz]].<ref>Lorenz, Konrad. ''Studies in Animal and Human Behavior''. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ Press; 1971</ref> Lorenz proposed the concept of '''baby schema''' (''Kindchenschema''), a set of facial and body features that make a creature appear "cute" and activate ("release") in others the motivation to care for it.<ref name="Glocker2">Glocker ML, Langleben DD, Ruparel K, Loughead JW, Valdez JN, Griffin MD, Sachser N, Gur RC. [http://www.pnas.org/content/106/22/9115.figures-only "Baby schema modulates the brain reward system in nulliparous women."] ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences – U.S.A'' 2009 June 2;106(22):9115–9119.</ref> Cuteness may be ascribed to people as well as things that are regarded as attractive or charming.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130216110859/http://oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/cute "cute, adj."]. OED Online. March 2012. Oxford University Press. (accessed April 29, 2012).</ref>
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Kenta Takada (2016) said that Miyanoshita (2008) said that the design of [[chocolate]]s made to look like [[dynastinae|rhinoceros beetle]] [[larva|larvae]] is a design that is both cute and disgusting.<!--This is in the 4th-to-last sentence, of the 1st paragraph, of the left column, of page 154.--><ref>Takada, K. (2016). Gummi Candy as a Realistic Representation of a Rhinoceros Beetle Larva. ''American Entomologist, 62''(3). Page 154. [https://academic.oup.com/ae/article/62/3/154/1710486 Link].</ref><ref>''[https://www.fecava.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/FLYER_Extreme-breeding_RVau21_06_18_BAT.pdf Breeding for extreme conformations]''</ref>
Evolutionary biologists suspect that "puppy dog eyes", a trait absent from wild wolves, were unintentionally selected for by humans during the [[domestication of dogs]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wbur.org/npr/733615938/scientists-explain-puppy-dog-eyes|title=Scientists Explain Puppy Dog Eyes|website=www.wbur.org|date=18 June 2019 }}</ref> In order to obtain pets with particularly cute faces, some breeds of dogs have been bred with increasingly severe cranial deformities called [[Cephalic index#Modern use in animal breeding|brachycephaly]], for example, the [[French bulldog|French Bulldog]], who consequently suffer from [[Brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome]].<ref>''[https://cutecrunch.wordpress.com/2014/12/11/33/ Suffocate me…WITH LOVE – The History & Realities of French Bulldogs]''</ref><ref>''[https://www.puppyleaks.com/done-bulldogs/ What Unethical Breeding Has Done To Bulldogs]''</ref>
== See also ==
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