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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{short description|City and administrative center of Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine}}
{{redirect|Tarnopol|the unincorporated community in Canada|Tarnopol, Saskatchewan}}
{{Lead too short|date=July 2022}}
{{Expand
{{Infobox settlement
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| photo1a = UA-TE Ternopil Buran 18-06-16.JPG
| photo2a =Teatralnyi-maidan4501.jpg
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<!-- Population ----------------------->| population_as_of = 2022
▲| population_footnotes = <ref name="ua2022estimate"/>
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▲| population_total = 225004
▲| population_density_km2 = auto
▲<!-- General information --------------->| timezone = [[Eastern European Time|CET]]
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▲| coor_type = <!-- can be used to specify what the coordinates refer to -->
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▲| coordinates = {{coord|49|34|N|25|36|E|region:UA|display=inline,title}}
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| subdivision_type3 = [[Hromada]]
▲| module = {{Infobox mapframe |wikidata=yes |zoom= 10|coord={{WikidataCoord|display=i}}}}
| subdivision_name3 = [[Ternopil urban hromada]]
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'''Ternopil''' ({{lang-uk|Тернопіль}}, {{IPA-uk|terˈnɔp⁽ʲ⁾ilʲ|IPA|Uk-Тернопіль2.oga}}; {{lang-pl|Tarnopol}}; {{lang-yi|טארנאפאל|Tarnapol}}; {{lang-he|טרנופול|Tarnopol}}; {{lang-de|Tannstadt}}), known until 1944 mostly as '''Tarnopol''', is a [[city]] in the west of [[Ukraine]], located on the banks of the [[Seret (river)|Seret]]. Administratively, it serves as the administrative centre of [[Ternopil Oblast]]. Ternopil is one of the major cities of [[Western Ukraine]] and the historical regions of [[Galicia (Central Europe)|Galicia]] and [[Podolia]]. It is served by [[Ternopil Airport]]. The population of Ternopil was estimated at {{Ua-pop-est2022|225,004|.}}
The city is the [[administrative center]] of [[Ternopil Oblast]] ([[Oblasts of Ukraine|region]]), as well as of surrounding [[Ternopil Raion]] ([[Raions of Ukraine|district]]) within the oblast. It hosts the administration of [[Ternopil urban hromada]], one of the [[hromada]]s of Ukraine.<ref name="admreform_2020_ternopil">{{cite web |title=Тернопольская городская громада |url=https://gromada.info/ru/obschina/ternopilska/ |publisher=Портал об'єднаних громад України |language=Russian}}</ref>
Until 18 July 2020, Ternopil was designated as a [[City of regional significance (Ukraine)|city of oblast significance]] and did not belong to Ternopil Raion even though it was the center of the raion. As part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three, the city was merged into Ternopil Raion.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ. |url=http://www.golos.com.ua/article/333466 |access-date=2020-10-03 |date=2020-07-18 |website=Голос України |language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Нові райони: карти + склад |date=17 July 2020 |url=https://www.minregion.gov.ua/press/news/novi-rajony-karty-sklad/ |publisher=Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України |language=uk}}</ref>
==History==
{{main|History of Ternopil}}
[[File:Jan Amor Tarnowski.PNG|thumb|left|200px|[[Jan Amor Tarnowski]].]]
The city was founded in 1540 by Polish commander and [[Hetman]] [[Jan Tarnowski|Jan Amor Tarnowski]].<ref name="500ofTern">
In 1772, after the [[First Partition of Poland]], the city came under [[Habsburg monarchy|Austrian]] rule. In 1809, after the [[War of the Fifth Coalition]], the city came under Russian rule, incorporated into the newly created ''Ternopol krai'', but in 1815 returned to Austrian rule in accordance with the [[Congress of Vienna]]. In 1870 Tarnopol was connected by railway with [[Lemberg]].
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During the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]], Ternopil was struck by Russian missiles on 13 May 2023, minutes before Ternopil natives [[Tvorchi]] performed at the [[Eurovision Song Contest 2023]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-13 |title=Ukraine Eurovision act's city Ternopil attacked before performance |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-65586701 |access-date=2023-05-14}}</ref>
==
===Climate===
Ternopil has a moderate [[humid continental climate|continental climate]] with cold winters and warm summers.
{{Weather box
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==Demographics==
[[File:Ternopil', 2 Kaminna Str..jpg|thumb|250px|School No. 5 (former girls' school of [[Saint Jadwiga|St. Jadwiga]] in Ternopil]]
According to [[Ukrainian Census (2001)]], Ternopil city and Ternopil oblast are homogeneously populated by ethnic Ukrainians. Ternopil city and Ternopil oblast are also homogeneously Ukrainian-speaking.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/nationality/| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111217151026/http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/nationality/| url-status = dead| archive-date = 2011-12-17| title =
National structure of [[Ternopil Oblast]]
* Ukrainians - 1,113.5 (97.8%)
* Russians - 14.2 (1.2%)
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* [[Polish language]] — 0.04 %.
According to a survey conducted by the [[International Republican Institute]] in April-May 2023, 98 % of the city's population spoke Ukrainian at home, and 1 % spoke Russian.<ref>{{cite web |title=Восьме всеукраїнське муніципальне опитування |url=https://ratinggroup.ua/files/ratinggroup/reg_files/municipal_survey_may_2023_ua_-_final.pdf |website=ratinggroup.ua |publisher=[[International Republican Institute]] |access-date=6 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719164824/https://ratinggroup.ua/files/ratinggroup/reg_files/municipal_survey_may_2023_ua_-_final.pdf |archive-date=Jul 19, 2023 |language=uk |date=April–May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{Full citation needed |date=August 2023}}
==Economy==
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* The sanctuary of Our Lady of [[Zarvanytsia]] with a miraculous icon of the 13th century called icon of the Mother of God of Zarvanytsia, sanctuary of Greek-Catholic rite. Located about 40 km from Ternopil, celebrated on 22 July.
==
[[File:Kleeberg.jpg|thumb|175px|Franciszek Kleeberg]]
{{See also|List of honorary citizens of Ternopil}}
* [[Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz]] (1890–1963), Polish philosopher and [[logician]], researched [[model theory]]
* [[Henryk Baranowski]] (1943–2013) a Polish theatre, opera and film director, actor, playwright and poet.
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* [[Eugeniusz Baziak]] (1890–1962) Archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lviv|Lviv]] and apostolic administrator of [[Kraków]].
* [[Natalia Buchynska]] (born 1977), singer, brought up in Ternopil.
* [[
* [[Mariia Dilai]] (born 1980), Ukrainian artist, designer, and social activist
* [[Daria Chubata]] (born 1940), Ukrainian physician, author and social activist.
* Mykola Chubatyi (1889-1975),<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine |url-status=live |archive-date=Jul 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726153323/https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CC%5CH%5CChubatyMykola.htm |url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CC%5CH%5CChubatyMykola.htm |last=Padokh |first=Yaroslav |author-link=Yaroslav Padokh |date=2001 |language=en |access-date=9 August 2023 |title=Chubaty, Mykola}}</ref> historian of Ukrainian Church.
* [[Cyryl Czarkowski-Golejewski]] (1885–1940) aristocratic Polish landowner, [[Katyn massacre]] victim.
* [[Charlotte Eisler]] (1894-1970) Austrian singer and pianist with the [[Second Viennese School]].
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* [[Bohdan Levkiv]] (1950–2021) a Ukrainian politician, mayor of Ternopil from 2002 to 2006.
* [[Pepi Litman]] (1874–1930) a cross-dressing female Yiddish vaudeville singer
* [[Kazimierz Michałowski]],<ref name="500ofTern"
* [[Serhiy Nadal]] (born 1975) a Ukrainian politician; mayor of Ternopil since 2010
* [[Yuriy Oliynyk]] (1931–2021) a Ukrainian composer, concert pianist and professor of music in the US
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* [[Joseph Perl]],<ref name=500ofTern/> (1773–1839), an Ashkenazi Jewish educator and writer, a scion of the [[Haskalah]]
* [[Simhah Pinsker]] (1801–1864) a Polish-Jewish scholar and archeologist
* [[Antoni Reichenberg]] (1825–1903), Polish priest, Jesuit, and artist.
* [[Rudolf Pöch]] (1870–1921), doctor and anthropologist; pioneer photographer and cinematographer
* [[Roza Pomerantz-Meltzer]] (1880–1934) a Polish writer and novelist based in Lviv and politician.
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* [[Judd L. Teller]] (1912–1972) Jewish author, social historian and poet; emigrated to the US in 1921.
* [[Tvorchi]], [[electronic music]] duo that represented [[Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2023]].
* [[Adelma Vay|Baroness Adelma Vay]] (1840–1925), a [[Mediumship|medium]] and pioneer of [[Spiritualism (movement)|spiritualism]] in Slovenia and Hungary.
=== Sport ===
* [[Olga Babiy]] (born 1989), a Ukrainian chess player and Woman Grandmaster
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* [[Methodius (Kudriakov)]] (1949-2015), metropolitan of the [[Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church]].
* [[Serhiy Prytula]] (born 1981 in Zbarazh), Ukrainian TV show host, political activist, founder of [[Charity foundation of Serhiy Prytula|Charity Foundation of Serhiy Prytula]]{{CN|date=January 2023}}
* [[Volodymyr Chornobay]] (born 1954), Ukrainian artist
* [[Karolina Shiino]] (born 1997), Japanese model and winner of the 2024 [[Miss Nippon]] pageant.
===Lived in Ternopil===
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[[File:Den-mista-2014-prapor-EU-3430.jpg|thumb|250px|Mayor of Ternopil awarded with a Council of Europe flag by a [[Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe|PACE]] member during a ceremony in 2014]]
Ternopil is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
* {{flagicon|GER}} [[Erftstadt]], [[Germany]] since 2023 <ref name="sister">{{cite web |url-status=live |archive-date=May 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513065404/https://www.erftstadt.de/web/infos-zu-erftstadt/staedtepartnerschaften |website=www.erftstadt.de |language=de |access-date=6 August 2023 |title=Städtepartnerschaften |url=https://www.erftstadt.de/web/infos-zu-erftstadt/staedtepartnerschaften}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|BUL}} [[Sliven]], [[Bulgaria]]
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Yonkers, New York|Yonkers]], [[United States]] <small>''(since 1991)''</small><ref name="Sister">{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0DE2DD143FF932A3575AC0A9649C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all|title=Communities; Cities Find Sisters Abroad |date=October 26, 2008|work=The New York Times|access-date=2008-10-26|first=Susan|last=Hodara}}</ref>
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* {{flagicon|BLR}} [[Pinsk]] in [[Belarus]]
===Stadium naming controversy===
In 2021, Ternopil created international outrage, especially in the Jewish community, by deciding to name a city stadium in honor of Nazi collaborator [[Roman Shukhevych]].<ref name=":1Piotrowski">{{Cite book |last=Piotrowski |first=Tadeusz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NBbnrEMswbUC&q=Poland's+holocaust |title=Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918-1947 |date=2007-01-09 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-2913-4 |language=en |quote=...on the German side and Roman Shukhevych ('Tur', 'Taras Chuprynka') as head of the Ukrainian staff, wore the uniform of the Wehrmacht. |author-link=Tadeusz Piotrowski (sociologist)}}</ref> Shukhevych was the military leader of the [[Ukrainian Insurgent Army]] during World War II and was known for his collaboration with the Nazi regime<ref>{{Citation | title=Israeli Envoy in Ukraine Slams Naming of Soccer Stadium in Honor of Nazi Ally Roman Shukhevych |website=Algemeiner.com | url=https://www.algemeiner.com/2021/03/09/israeli-envoy-in-ukraine-slams-naming-of-soccer-stadium-in-honor-of-nazi-ally-roman-shukhevych/ | access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref><ref name=":02stad" /> as well as his responsibility for the [[massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia]]. As a result, the City Council of [[Tarnów]] decided to suspend its partnership with Ternopil.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://web1.radiokrakow.pl/aktualnosci/tarnow/tarnow-zawiesza-wspolprace-z-tarnopolem |language = pl |title=Tarnów zawiesza współpracę z Tarnopolem | access-date = 26 November 2023}}</ref>
[[Joel Lion]], the [[List of ambassadors of Israel to Ukraine|Israeli Ambassador to Ukraine]], expressed Israel’s strong objection to the city's choice to name the stadium in honor of Roman Shukhevych. Lion wrote, ''"We strongly condemn the decision of Ternopil city council to name the City Stadium after the infamous Hauptman (Captain) of the SS 201st Schutzmannschaft Roman Shukhevych and demand the immediate cancellation of this decision"''.<ref name=":02stad">{{Citation | title=Israel protests against western Ukrainian city naming stadium in honor of Shukhevych | website=Kyiv Post | url=https://www.kyivpost.com/post/7673 | access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref><ref name=":03stad">{{Citation | website=UNIAN | title=Israel's Ambassador demands cancellation of decision on Ternopil stadium's name | url=https://www.unian.info/politics/ternopil-israel-s-ambassador-demands-cancellation-of-decision-on-stadium-s-name-11347225.html | access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref>
The Eastern Europe Director of the [[Simon Wiesenthal Center]], Efraim Zuroff wrote,
''"It is fully understandable that Ternopil seeks to honor those who fought against Soviet Communism, but not those behind the mass murder of innocent fellow citizens."'' in a statement attempting to convince Ternopil to reconsider the ''"renaming of its stadium in honor of Nazi collaborator, Hauptmann of the SS Schutzmannschaft 201, Roman Shukhevych, an active participant in the mass murder of Jews and Poles in World War II."''<ref name=":01stad">{{Citation | title=FIFA urged to take action after stadium renamed for Nazi collaborator |website=The Jerusalem Post |date=17 March 2021 | url=https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/fifa-urged-to-take-action-after-stadium-renamed-for-nazi-collaborator-662274 | access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref>
===Russo-Ukrainian War===
In June 2022, due to full-scale Russian invasion and missile strikes from the territory of [[Belarus]], Ternopil suspended its partnership with the city of [[Pinsk]].
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* ''[[Allg. Zeit. des Jud.]]'' 1839, iii. 606;
* {{JewishEncyclopedia|wstitle=Tranopol|ref=none}}
* [[J. H. Gurland]], ''Le-Ḳarot ha-Gezerot'', p. 22, [[
* {{Lang|de|[[Meyers Konversations-Lexikon]]}}
* Orgelbrandt, in ''Encyklopedia Powszechna'', xiv. 409;
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{{Wiktionary}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Tarnopol |volume= 26 | page = 429 |short= 1}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine |url-status=live |archive-date=Aug 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805113803/https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CT%5CE%5CTernopil.htm |url=https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CT%5CE%5CTernopil.htm |last2=Mykolaievych |first2=Roman |last1=Kubijovyč |first1=Volodymyr |author1-link=Volodymyr Kubiyovych |date=2012 |language=en |access-date=10 August 2023 |title=Ternopil}}
*{{in lang|uk}} [http://www.rada.te.ua/ Ternopil City Council]
*{{in lang|uk|en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20070717041444/http://www.ternopil.net.te.ua/index.php?dir=%2Fternopil_%28Leonid_Tit%29%2F Ternopil photos]
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[[Category:Cities of regional significance in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Oblast centers in Ukraine]]
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