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{{Short description|Japanese military rifle cartridge}}
{{Infobox firearm cartridge
| name = Type 99 7.7 mm rimless
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<!-- Specifications -->
| is_SI_specs = yes
| parent = [[7.92×57mm|8×57mm IS]]<ref name="bstudies">{{cite web | url=https://www.ballisticstudies.com/Knowledgebase/7.7x58+7.7+Japanese.html | title=7.7x58 (7.7 Japanese) }}</ref>
| case_type =
| bullet = 7.92
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| is_SI_ballistics = no
| bwunit = grain
| bw1 =
| btype1 =
ordinary cartridge
|
|
|
| btype2 = type 92 ordinary cartridge
|
| en2 = 2738
| balsrc = <ref name=mmj>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=Melvin M., Jr. |author-link =Melvin Johnson |title =Rifles and Machine Guns |publisher =William Morrow & Company |date =1944 |location =New York |pages =384 }}</ref>▼
| bw3 = 162
| btype3 = Type 92 armor-piercing cartridge
| vel3 = 2700
| en3 = 2480
| bw4 = 165
| btype4 = Type 92 incendiary cartridge
| vel4 = 2700
| en4 = 2590
| bw5 = 156
| btype5 = Type 92 tracer cartridge
| vel5 = 2700
| en5 = 2444
▲| balsrc = <ref name=mmj>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=Melvin M.
}}
The '''7.7×58mm''' ''Arisaka'' cartridge was the standard military cartridge for the [[Imperial Japanese Army
==History==
===Development===
Towards the end of WWI, the Japanese military would experience the 7.7mm projectiles in the form of the [[.303 British]] cartridge for machine guns mounted on early aircraft like the [[Ro-Go Ko-gata]] seaplane. While the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] would continue to equip machine guns in rimmed .303 under the [[Navy type 7.7 mm|7.7mm]] designation,<ref>{{cite book |last=Friedman |first=Norman |author-link= |date=2014 |title= Naval Anti-Aircraft Guns and Gunnery |url= |location= |publisher=Seaforth Publishing |page=147 |isbn=9781591146049}} </ref> the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] sought to develop their own 7.7mm cartridge in various semi-rimmed and rimless cases for the Infantry and the [[Imperial Japanese Army Air Service|Army Air Service]]. A rimless 7.7×58mm cartridge was first tested for a prototype 7.7 mm infantry rifle in 1919.<ref>{{cite web|title= 小銃審査の件, 大正８年, "Rifle Examination files, 1919"|url= https://www.jacar.archives.go.jp/aj/meta/listPhoto?LANG=eng&BID=F2006090102524950468&ID=M2006090102525550550&REFCODE=C01007115500|orig-date=1938|publisher= Ministry of the Army|website= Japan Center for Asian Historical Records|access-date=3 July 2021}}</ref> While the experiments would continue throughout the 1920s and 1930s, the development of an air-cooled aircraft machine gun took priority.
A rimless 7.7×58mm cartridge was first tested for a prototype 7.7 mm infantry rifle in 1919.<ref>小銃審査の件, 大正８年, “Rifle Examination files, 1919”</ref> While the experiments would continue throughout the 1920s and 30s, the development of an air-cooled aircraft machine guns would however be taken priority. In 1920, the Imperial Japanese Army began the development of a new series of machine guns which lead to the adoption of the Type 89 aircraft machine gun variants and the 7.7×58mm semi-rimmed ball cartridge was designated in 1930 . The 7.7×58mm ball bullet was lead filled and had a cupronickel-plated jacket weighted at 10.5 g (162 gr).<ref>八九式旋回機関銃弾薬並同擬製弾細目名称表制定の件, “Authorizing the designation of the Model 89 swivel machine gun ammunition, 1930”</ref> Tracer, armor-piercing, incendiary and explosive rounds were also adopted as the Type 89 specialized ammunitions and their designations would be updated in 1934 to Type 92 for air and ground use machine guns.<ref> 八九式旋回八九式固定機関銃弾薬九二式徹甲実包仮制式制定並同弾薬図中修正の件, “Authorizing the designation of the Model 89 swivel machine gun ammunition and Type 92 armor-piercing cartridge, 1934”</ref> The Type 89 ammunition would continue to be used in the Army aircraft throughout World War II. Following the adoption of the [[Type 92 heavy machine gun]] for infantry use in 1933, the 7.7×58mmSR Type 89 ball cartridge was modified to accept a 13.2 g (203.7 gr) bullet with a brass jacket as a heavier projectile was specially requested to improve the [[terminal ballistics]]. The ammunition was designated as the Type 92 ball cartridge for the infantry’s heavy machine gun in 1934.<ref>９２式重機関銃弾薬９２式普通實包假制式制定の件, 昭和９年, “Authorization for the Type 92 cartridge for Type 92 Heavy Machine Gun”</ref> ▼
▲
In 1937, however, rimless cartridges were found to have better performance in
With the final adoption of the rimless Type 99 7.7×58mm ball cartridge in 1940, the rim diameter of the Type 97 cartridge was
===Cartridge variants during World War II===
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==Modern loadings==
The 7.7×58mm Arisaka, as a sporting cartridge, is suitable for most big game with proper bullet selection. The 7.7 mm Arisaka
▲The 7.7 mm Arisaka uses the same .311–.312 inch bullets as the [[.303 British]],<ref>http://www.chuckhawks.com/7-7mmArisaka.htm</ref> and the standard military load delivered the same muzzle energy as the .303 British. Factory loaded ammunition and brass cases are available from [[Norma Precision|Norma]], Graf's, and [[Hornady]], [[Sierra Bullets|Sierra]] and [[CCI Ammunition|Speer]] also produce usable bullets. Reloadable cartridge cases are produced by reforming [[.30-06_Springfield|.30-06]] brass,<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211206/RwKJ1gEL8SQ Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20201027101133/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RwKJ1gEL8SQ&ab_channel=Brian'sGunTips Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RwKJ1gEL8SQ&ab_channel=Brian%27sGunTips| title = Converting 30-06 to 7.7mm Arisaka--THE EASY WAY! | website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> or [[fire forming]] [[7.92×57mm_Mauser|8x57mm IS]] cases. Case heads derived from the .30-06 are slightly undersized and bulge slightly just ahead of the web on firing, while the 8×57mm IS derived cases are slightly short. Normal cases of the correct dimensions also bulge slightly, however, as most Japanese rifles of this era had slightly oversized chambers, intended to allow the bolt to be closed on a round even in a very dirty chamber.
==Gallery==
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* [[Table of handgun and rifle cartridges]]
==
{{Reflist}}
{{Japanese WWII infantry weapons}}
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