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{{Short description|Italian cardinal and politician (1744–1827)}}
{{Expand Italian|topic=bio|Fabrizio Ruffo|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
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[[Cardinal-Deacon]] of [[List of titular churches in Rome|Sant'Angelo in Pescheria]] (1794–1800) <br />
[[Cardinal-Deacon]] of [[List of titular churches in Rome|Santa Maria in Cosmedin]] (1800–1821)<br />
Grand Prior of [[Rome]] in the [[Sovereign Military Order of Malta]] (1817–1827)
<!---------- Orders ---------->
| ordination =
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| consecration =
| consecrated_by =
| cardinal =
| created_cardinal_by =[[Pope Pius VI]]
| rank = [[Cardinal deacon]]
<!---------- Personal details ---------->
| birth_name = Fabrizio Dionigi Ruffo dei duchi di Bagnara e Baranello
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1744|09|16|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[San Lucido]], [[Calabria]], [[Kingdom of Naples]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1827|12|13|1744|09|16|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Naples]], [[Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]]
| buried = <!-- or | tomb = -->
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| signature =
| signature_alt =
| coat_of_arms = File:Coat of Arms of Cardinal Fabrizio Ruffo.svg
| coat_of_arms_alt =
<!---------- Sainthood ---------->
| feast_day =
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| other =
}}
'''Fabrizio Dionigi Ruffo''' (16 September 1744 – 13 December 1827) was an Italian [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] and politician, who led the popular anti-
==Biography==
Ruffo was born at [[San Lucido]], in [[Calabria|Calabria Citra]] (today in [[province of Cosenza]]), then part of the [[Kingdom of Naples]]. His father, [[Litterio Ruffo]], was a [[Calabria]]n aristocrat, holder of the title of [[duke of Baranello]], while his mother, Giustiniana, was of the [[Rome|Roman family]] of [[Colonna]]. Fabrizio owed his education to his uncle, cardinal [[Tommaso Ruffo]], then [[dean of the College of Cardinals]]. In early life he secured the favour of Giovanni Angelo Braschi, who in 1775 became [[Pope Pius VI]]. Ruffo was placed by the pope among the ''chierici di camera'', the clerks who formed the papal civil and financial service. He was later promoted to treasurer-general, a post which carried with it the ministry of war. Ruffo's conduct in office was diversely judged. [[Pietro Colletta]], the historian of Naples, speaks of him as corrupt, and [[Antoine Henri, baron Jomini|Jomini]] repeats the charge, but these can be dismissed as part of a hostile tradition
Ruffo's biographer, Sachinelli, says that he incurred hostility by restricting the feudal powers of some of the landowners in the [[Papal States]]. In 1791 he was removed from the treasurership, but was created cardinal on 2 September, though he was not in orders and in fact never became a priest. Ruffo went to Naples, where he was named administrator of the [[Palace of Caserta|royal domain of Caserta]], and received the abbey of [[Santa Sofia, Benevento]] ''[[commendam|in commendam]]''.
He also announced [[Pope Leo XII]]'s election in the papal [[conclave]] of 1823.
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===Sanfedismo===
{{main|Sanfedismo}}
When in December 1798 the French troops advanced on Naples, Ruffo fled to [[Palermo]] with the royal family. He was chosen to head a royalist movement in [[Calabria]], where his family, though impoverished by debt, exercised large feudal powers
After having received the title of King's General Official, Ruffo
While Ruffo was a personal confidant of the [[Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies|king of Naples]], the queen preferred the admiral [[Horatio Nelson]] to him.<ref name="Viglione,1995" /> On 24 June
The campaign gave rise to much controversy among nineteenth-century historians. Ruffo appears to have lost favor with the king by showing a tendency to spare the republicans. He resigned
==Return to the Holy See and role in the Kingdom of Naples==
After the conquest of Naples, Ruffo decided to
In September 1805, he escaped in [[Amelia, Umbria]], and then he was hoised for a second time by [[Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies]] and his court in [[Palermo]], who appointed him as ambassador at the Parisian court.
On 2 April
In May 1814, Ruffo returned to Rome where the population and the [[College of Cardinals]] received him with indifference, so that he decided to move
He died in Naples on 13 December
== See also ==
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*{{cite book|first=Domenico |last=Petromasi|title=Alla riconquista del Regno: La marcia del cardinale Ruffo dalle Calabrie a Napoli|year=1994}}
*{{EB1911|wstitle=Ruffo, Fabrizio|volume=23|page=819}}
==External links==
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=22YOAAAAQAAJ|location=Naples|publisher=C. Cataneo|year=1836|title=Memorie storiche sulla vita del cardinale Fabrizio Ruffo|first=Domenico|last=Sacchinelli}}
{{Subject bar |portal1= Biography |portal2= Catholicism |portal3= Italy}}
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