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[[File:UBTZ 2TE25KM-0455 Tyshljeg - Sainshand.jpg|300px|thumb|Ulaanbaatar Tömör Zam freight train near [[Sainshand]]]]
[[File:Karte Schienennetz Mongolei.svg|300px|thumb|Rail network in Mongolia]]
[[Rail transport]] is an important means of travel in the [[landlocked country]] of [[Mongolia]], which has relatively few paved roads. According to official statistics, rail transport carried 93% of Mongolian freight and 43% of passenger turnover in 2007.<ref>Freight and passenger turnover in tons*km and passenger*km, respectively. 2007 Statistical Yearbook of Mongolia, p. 252</ref> The Mongolian rail system employs 12,500 people.<ref name=mna93/> The national operator is [[UBTZ]] (Ulaanbataar Railway, {{lang-mn|Улаанбаатар төмөр зам}}), traditionally also known as Mongolian Railway (MTZ, {{lang-mn|Монголын төмөр зам}}). This can be a source of confusion, since MTZ is a distinct company established in 2008.<ref>See {{cite web |url=http://www.mtz.mn/eng/index.php/2014-03-14-00-50-52/company-introduction |title=Company Introduction |access-date=2014-08-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808105313/http://www.mtz.mn/eng/index.php/2014-03-14-00-50-52/company-introduction |archive-date=2014-08-08 }}</ref> The [[Mongolian Railway College]] is located in Ulaanbaatar.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.4icu.org/reviews/12212.htm | title=Institute of Railways | Ranking & Review }}</ref>
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The [[Trans-Mongolian Railway]] connects the [[Trans-Siberian Railway]] from [[Ulan Ude]] in [[Russia]] to [[Erenhot]] and [[Beijing]] in [[People's Republic of China|China]] through the capital [[Ulaanbaatar]]. The Mongolian section of this line runs for {{convert|1110|km}}.<ref name=mna93>Montsame News Agency. ''Mongolia''. 2006, {{ISBN|99929-0-627-8}}, p. 93</ref> The Trans-Mongolian Railway runs through Mongolia on {{RailGauge|1520mm}} [[5 ft and 1520 mm gauge railways|Russian gauge]] track, changing to [[standard gauge]] track after entering China. There are several spur lines: to the copper combine in [[Erdenet]], to coal mines in [[Sharyngol]], [[Nalaikh]] and [[Baganuur]], to the [[Fluorite|fluorspar]] mine in [[Bor-Öndör]], to the former Soviet military base and refinery at [[Züünbayan]]. Another line links Züünbayan with Khangi on the Chinese border.
A separate railway line exists in the east of the country between [[Choibalsan (city)|Choibalsan]] and the Trans-Siberian at [[Borzya]]; however, that line is closed to passengers
For domestic transport, daily trains run from [[Ulan Bator train station|Ulaanbaatar]] to Darkhan, Sukhbaatar, and Erdenet, as well as Zamyn-Üüd, Choir and Sainshand.
The Mongolian Railway (MongolRail) is slated to cover {{convert|7588|km|mi}} by year 2025. The coverage track distance will get increased by {{convert|4778|km}}. Mongolian railways transported 20.5 million tons of freight in 2013, which is close to the system's full capacity.
Transporting transit cargo between Russia and China is an important source of revenue for the country's railway system; in addition to this, railways are used to transport domestic coal to power plants.<ref>[http://www.jamestown.org/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=41873 The Mongolian-Russian-Chinese Northern Railway Corridor]. Publication: Eurasia Daily Monitor. Volume: 11; Issue: 15. January 24, 2014.
By: Alicia J. Campi</ref> As of November 2023, Tavantolgoi-Zuunbayan railway and the Khangi-Mandal crossing on Mongolia’s border with China has been completed adding 226.9km (140 miles) across the south-east of Mongolia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dharma |first=RanjithKumar |date=2022-11-28 |title=Zuunbayan-Khangi rail link opens in Mongolia |url=https://www.railway-technology.com/news/zuunbayan-khangi-rail-link-mongolia/ |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=Railway Technology |language=en-US}}</ref>
===Proposed lines===
A 2010 Mongolian government plan proposed {{Convert|5683.5|km|mi}} of new track,
* the first stage, totaling {{Convert|1100|km|mi}} and linking Dalanzadgad–[[Tavan Tolgoi|Tavan Tolgoi mine]]–[[Tsagaan Suvarga mine]]–Züünbayan ({{Convert|400|km|mi|abbr=on}}), Sainshand–[[Baruun-Urt]] ({{Convert|350|km|mi|abbr=on}}), Baruun-Urt–[[Khuut coal mine|Khööt mine]] ({{Convert|140|km|mi|abbr=on}}), and Khööt–Choibalsan ({{Convert|200|km|mi|abbr=on}});
* the second stage, totaling {{Convert|900|km|mi}} and connecting the first stage with the Chinese border, linking [[Nariin Sukhait mining complex|Nariin Sukhait mine]]–[[
* the third stage, totaling {{Convert|3600|km|mi}}) and not described in detail, but including a
In 2012, a line
==Rolling stock==
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* [https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/mongolia.pdf UN Map](Dead link, 05.28.23)
* [http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home/opendocPDFViewer.html?docid=3f3c9d942&query=Mongolia UNHCR Map](Dead link, 05.28.23)
== Tourist attractions ==
* [[Mongolian Railway History Museum]]
== See also ==
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==External links==
* {{in lang|mn}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20100925063358/http://www.railway.gov.mn/ Official site Railway Authority of Mongolia]
* [https://trainspo.com/country/mn/gallery/ Gallery of railways pictures in Mongolia]
{{Asia in topic|Rail transport in}}
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