Little Annie Fanny: Difference between revisions

| alt = Book cover showing a Annie's face, smiling broadly

| genre = Adult humor
}}

'''''Little Annie Fanny''''' is a [[comics]] series by [[Harvey Kurtzman]] and [[Will Elder]]. It appeared in 107 two- to seven-page episodes in ''[[Playboy]]'' magazine from October 1962 to September 1988. ''Little Annie Fanny'' is a humorous [[satire]] of contemporary American society and its sexual mores. Annie Fanny, the title character, is a statuesque, buxom young blonde woman who innocently finds herself nude in every episode. The series is notable for its painted, luminous color artwork and for being the first full-scale, multi-page comics feature in a major American publication.

Harvey Kurtzman, a [[cartoonist]], created the series at the culmination of his career. He had launched ''[[Mad (magazine)|Mad]]'' magazine, worked briefly for ''Playboy'' publisher [[Hugh Hefner]] and on a series of solo and collaborative projects, then returned to working for Hefner with ''Little Annie Fanny''. Each episode of the [[comic strip]] was designed and written by Kurtzman and rendered in [[oil painting|oil]], [[tempera]], and [[watercolor painting|watercolor]] by Elder. Hefner edited each episode, often requiring detailed changes to ensure that the series remained true to the magazine's editorial style. Critical reaction was mixed, with most praising the elaborate, fully painted comic, but some dismissing it as falling short of Kurtzman's full potential. The complete series was first collected into two volumes in 2000 and 2001 by [[Dark Horse Comics]].

[[File:Hugh Hefner 1966.jpg|thumb|leftright|alt=Black-and-white photo of a seated Hugh Hefner, smoking his trademark pipe|Hugh Hefner in 1966]]

[[Harvey Kurtzman]] founded the satirical ''[[Mad (magazine)|Mad]]'' magazine in 1952;{{sfnm|1a1=Kitchen|1y=2000|1p=203|2a1=Kitchen|2a2=Buhle|2y=2009|2p=121|3a1=Beauchamp|3y=2014|3p=109}} an early fan was onetime [[cartoonist]] [[Hugh Hefner]],{{sfnm|1a1=Kitchen|1y=2000|1p=203|2a1=Kitchen|2a2=Buhle|2y=2009|2p=121|3a1=Beauchamp|3y=2014|3pp=109, 103–110}} who founded the men's magazine ''[[Playboy]]'' in 1953.{{sfnm|1a1=Kitchen|1y=2000|1p=203|2a1=Kitchen|2a2=Buhle|2y=2009|2p=121|3a1=Beauchamp|3y=2014|3p=109}} Hefner offered Kurtzman an opportunity to conceive a new humor magazine for his enterprise, which the cartoonist accepted when he left ''Mad'' in 1956 in an ownership dispute.{{sfnm|1a1=Kitchen|1y=2000|1p=203|2a1=Kitchen|2a2=Buhle|2y=2009|2p=121|3a1=Beauchamp|3y=2014|3p=66}} Kurtzman took most of the ''Mad'' artists with him, including frequent collaborator [[Will Elder]], to create the adult-oriented humor magazine ''[[Trump (magazine)|Trump]]''.{{sfnm|1a1=Kitchen|1y=2000|1p=203|2a1=Markstein|2y=2001|3a1=Kitchen|3a2=Buhle|3y=2009|3pp=122–123|4a1=Beauchamp|4y=2014|4p=67}} Although it sold well, Hefner ran into financial problems in 1957 and halted ''Trump'' after two issues.{{sfnm|1a1=Kitchen|1y=2000|1p=203|2a1=Kitchen|2a2=Buhle|2y=2009|3p=124–125, 131|4a1=Beauchamp|4y=2014|4p=67}} He provided office space for the artists, from which they self-published the satirical magazine ''[[Humbug (magazine)|Humbug]]'' in 1957–58.{{sfnm|1a1=Benson|1a2=Groth|1y=2009|1pp=viii–xv}} It failed to gain a significant following,{{sfnm|1a1=Kitchen|1y=2000|1p=203|2a1=Kitchen|2a2=Buhle|2y=2009|3p=124–125, 131|4a1=Beauchamp|4y=2014|4p=67}} and a dejected Kurtzman began pitching feature proposals to ''Playboy'', all of which were rejected. However, he received a note from Hefner: "I bow to no one in my appreciation for H. Kurtzman."{{sfnm|1a1=Kitchen|1y=2000|1p=204|2a1=Kitchen|2a2=Buhle|2y=2009|2p=209}} Hefner's praise encouraged Kurtzman to meet with publisher [[Ian Ballantine]] and create ''[[Harvey Kurtzman's Jungle Book]]'' (1959). This introduced the innocent and idealistic [[Goodman Beaver]],{{sfnm|1a1=Kitchen|1y=2000|1p=205|2a1=Kitchen|2a2=Buhle|2y=2009|2pp=151–153}} a male character who continued to appear—with artwork by Elder—in Kurtzman's ''[[Help! (magazine)|Help!]]'' (1960).{{sfnm|1a1=Kitchen|1y=2000|1p=208|2a1=Kitchen|2a2=Buhle|2y=2009|2p=188|3a1=Beauchamp|3y=2014|3p=67}}

Kurtzman continued to correspond with Hefner and ''Playboy'' executive editor [[Ray Russell]],{{sfnm|1a1=Kitchen|1y=2000|1p=207|2a1=Kitchen|2a2=Buhle|2y=2009|2pp=160–183}} who was interested in Kurtzman's idea of a [[comic strip]] suitable for the magazine's audience and suggested "[[satire]] ... as an excuse or rationale for a [[slick (magazine format)|slick]] magazine to be publishing a comic strip."{{sfnm|1a1=Kitchen|1y=2000|1pp=206–207|2a1=Kitchen|2a2=Buhle|2y=2009|2p=211}} Although single-[[panel (comics)|panel]] cartoons[[cartoon]]s were an established part of the magazine, a comic strip was unprecedented and had to be justified.{{sfnm|1a1=Kitchen|1y=2000|1pp=206–207|2a1=Kitchen|2a2=Buhle|2y=2009|2p=211}} Kurtzman submitted some Goodman Beaver strips and was surprised to receive a favorable response from Hefner, who liked the "fresh and eager" character.{{sfn|Kitchen|2000|pp=205, 208}} He especially enjoyed "[[Goodman Goes Playboy]]", which featured a boisterous romp in Hefner's mansion.{{sfnm|1a1=Kitchen|1y=2000|1p=209|2a1=Duncan|2a2=Smith|2y=2013|2p=428|3a1=Kitchen|3a2=Buhle|3y=2009|3p=204}} Hefner nevertheless insisted that the material was not right for his magazine, but requested an explanation of the character with a suggestion: "Maybe there is a way of launching a similar series ... that can somehow be related to ''Playboy''".{{sfnm|1a1=Kitchen|1y=2000|1pp=208–209|2a1=Kitchen|2a2=Buhle|2y=2009|2p=210}} Kurtzman replied that Goodman Beaver "could be foolish and at the same time wise," and that he "innocently partakes of the bad while espousing the good." He further stated that Beaver's innocent, restive, and charming nature allotted him especial creative freedom.{{sfnm|1a1=Kitchen|1y=2000|1pp=208–209|2a1=Kitchen|2a2=Buhle|2y=2009|2p=210}} A week later, Kurtzman wrote to Hefner, "What would you think of a girl character ... whom I could apply to my kind of situations?" Six weeks later Hefner replied, "I think your notion of doing a Goodman Beaver strip of two, three, or four pages, but using a sexy girl ... is a bull's eye. We can run it every issue."{{sfnm|1a1=Kitchen|1y=2000|1pp=208–209|2a1=Kitchen|2a2=Buhle|2y=2009|2p=211}}

Kurtzman recruited his long-time collaborator Will Elder to work on the strip's illustrations. He suggested to Elder an "outlineless", painted style, then thought the strip would be better suited by an [[India ink]]ed, outlined comic book style with flat color behind it. Hefner, whose opinion prevailed, preferred the more difficult, fully painted, outlineless look. Kurtzman's suggestions for the feature's name included ''The Perils of Zelda'', ''The Perils of Irma'', and ''Little Mary Mixup''; he settled on ''Little Annie Fanny'', its title and logo a parody of [[Harold Gray]]'s ''[[Little Orphan Annie]]''.{{sfn|Kitchen|2000|pp=210–211}} The cartoonist began submitting story ideas for the multi-page comic strip to Hefner for approval. Over the twenty-six years he wrote the character, he was allowed (with ''Playboy''{{'s}} substantial budget) to travel for research, photography, and sketching. He followed this with a preliminary script for Hefner, who revised it. Kurtzman then worked out the story's composition, pacing, and action in [[thumbnail]] drawings and pencil roughs of each page of the comic, followed by larger, more-detailed layouts on translucent [[vellum]] specifying lighting, color, and [[speech balloon]] placement. These also required Hefner's approval—a typical two- to seven-page episode would take as many as nine pages of layout. Kurtzman then discussed the layout with Elder, who drove from his home in New Jersey to Kurtzman's in New York. Kurtzman acted out every detail of the strip; according to Elder, "He would change his voice and take on the characteristics of each role ... We'd crack each other up and fall down laughing." This gave Elder what he needed to create the penciling, including "eye pops" (background gags worked into blank areas of Kurtzman's layout; Hefner rejected many, so Elder created as many as possible) and the final rendering.{{sfnm|1a1=VandenBergh|1y=2001|1pp=203, 205|2a1=Kitchen|2y=2001|2pp=213, 221-22221–222, 225|3a1=Kitchen|3a2=Buhle|3y=2009|3pp=211–12211–212, 226}} Elder painted in [[oil painting|oil]], [[tempera]], and [[watercolor painting|watercolor]], never using ink. Beginning with a white [[paperboard|illustration board]], Elder explained he would "pile on" his oil paint, light colors over dark, then apply tempera, then layer several watercolor [[wash (visual arts)|washes]] to give ''Annie'' luminous tones.{{sfn|Kitchen|Buhle|2009|p=212}} "The colors were like gems to me," ..he said. "I worked very hard to give them iridescence.", he said.{{sfnm|1a1=VandenBergh|1y=2001|1pp=207, 209|2a1=Kitchen|2a2=Buhle|2y=2009|2p=212}} The work was labor-intensive and deadlines were often difficult to meet, so other artists, including [[Russ Heath]], [[Arnold Roth]], [[Jack Davis (cartoonist)|Jack Davis]], [[Al Jaffee]], [[Frank Frazetta]], and [[Paul Coker]], were occasionally enlisted to help finish the art.{{sfn|Kitchen|2000|p=4}} Jaffee, a childhood friend of Elder, said about the experience: "''Little Annie Fannie'' was the most unique, lavishly produced cartoon cum illustration feature ever. Each panel was a miniature masterpiece that Willie glazed and re-glazed in brilliant watercolor until he reached the level of 3-D-like translucence that he wanted. I know from first-hand experience what went into this project."{{sfn|Jaffee|2001|p=211}} [[Letterer]]s inked the dialog balloons before Kurtzman cleaned and submitted the finished work.{{sfn|VandenBergh|2001|p=209}} ''Little Annie Fanny'', {{nobreak|''Playboy''{{'s}}}} first comic strip, was the first multi-page comics feature in a major American magazine.{{sfn|Markstein|2001}}

Annie Fanny is the feature's lead character. Like other young women in ''Playboy'' pictorials, Annie is beautiful, buxom, and often unclothed.{{sfnm|1a1=Markstein|1y=2001|2a1=Buhle|2y=2007|2p=304}} She is sexually innocent;, oblivious to the worldliness around her. Like her forebear Goodman Beaver, Annie was conceived as a modern [[Candide]], above the story's corruptions and temptations. Unlike Goodman, however, Annie is never shocked or offended; she remains blithe.{{sfnm|1a1=Duncan|1a2=Smith|1y=2013|1p=428|2a1=Kitchen|2y=2000|2p=208|3a1=Kitchen|3a2=Buhle|3y=2009|3pp=213, 215}} The authors of ''Icons of the American Comic Book'' say Annie "glides through a changing world with an untiring optimism" with a "good-natured lack of desire". She is insulated from the carnal nature of those around her, who explain the new rules of society to her each episode.{{sfn|Duncan|Smith|2013|pp=428–429}} Ruthie, Annie's mother hen roommate, appears in the first episode and remains in the strip throughout its run. Wanda Homefree, Annie Fanny's wild and shapely best friend, first appears in an episode-10 beauty contest as Miss Greenwich Village and is often seen at Annie's side throughout the remainder of the series. Ralphie Towzer, Annie's nerdy-but-hip do-gooder boyfriend, has the look of Goodman Beaver (with playwright [[Arthur Miller]]'s eyeglasses and pipe) and the temperament of a straightstrait-laced, chastising prude. Solly Brass, Annie's [[huckster]] agent, is based on actor [[Phil Silvers]].{{sfn|VandenBergh|2001|p=205}}

A number of other characters in ''Little Annie Fanny'' are derived from Gray's ''Little Orphan Annie''. Sugardaddy Bigbucks, Annie's surrogate father and a powerful, manipulative capitalist, is based on [[Oliver "Daddy" Warbucks|Daddy Warbucks]]. His mysterious assistant, the Wasp, derives from Warbucks' assistant the Asp, and Punchjab, his brutal bodyguard, comes from the character Punjab. Other supporting characters include ad man Benton Battbarton (whose name is taken from the advertising agencies [[BBDO|Batten, Barton, Durstine & Osborn]] and [[Benton & Bowles]]), Battbarton's rival Huck Buxton (modeled on gap-toothed British actor [[Terry-Thomas]]), Duncan Fyfe Hepplewhite (an art plagiarist), and Freddie Flink (who resembles comic actor [[Fred Gwynne]] from ''[[Car 54, Where Are You?]]'').{{sfnm|1a1=Kitchen|1y=2000|1pp=212–213|2a1=VandenBergh|2y=2001|2p=205}}

''Little Annie Fanny'' takes the reader through the changing attitudes of American culture, satirizing contemporary trends and fads. In each of the 107 episodes, Annie experiences the latest popular movie, fashion statement, national politics, or society headline. During the strip's first decade, when it ran up to eleven times per year, Annie meets caricatures of [[the Beatles]] (who lust for Annie), [[Sean Connery]] (playing "James Bomb"), reclusive ''[[The Catcher in the Rye|Catcher in the Rye]]'' author [[J. D. Salinger]] (as "Salinger Fiengold"), [[National Football League|NFL]] champions [[Green Bay Packers]] (as the "Greenback Busters"), and [[Elvis Presley]], [[Bob Dylan]], and [[Sonny & Cher]] on the "Hoopadedoo Show" (''[[Hullabaloo (TV series)|Hullabaloo]]'' show). During these early years, the strip pokes fun at [[miniskirt]]s, [[LSD]], [[free love]], and [[bra burning]]. Background caricatures include Soviet Premier [[Nikita Khrushchev]], prissy-but-powerful [[J. Edgar Hoover]], [[unisex]] fashion designer [[Rudi Gernreich]], and the "Put a Tiger in Your Tank" ad campaign of [[Humble Oil]].{{sfnm|1a1=Kitchen|1y=2000|1pp=212–213|2a1=Duncan|2a2=Smith|2y=2013|2pp=428–429|3a1=Kitchen|3a2=Buhle|3y=2009|3pp=213, 215}} During the 1970s, when the strip ran three to five times per year, Annie sees violent films such as ''[[A Clockwork Orange (film)|A Clockwork Orange]]'' and ''[[The French Connection (film)|The French Connection]]'' and meets sex novelist [[Philip Roth]], consumer advocate [[Ralph Nader]], chess champion [[Bobby Fischer]], and [[shock rock]]er [[Alice Cooper]]. She experiences [[disco]], [[streaking]], [[citizens band radio|C.B. radio]], [[nudist community|nudist resorts]], and [[feminist movement|women's liberation]]. Background "eye pops" include Hollywood heavy [[Charles Bronson]], ''[[Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In|Laugh-In]]''{{'s}} [[Arte Johnson]], the [[Avis Rent a Car System|Avis]] TV commercial's [[O. J. Simpson]], and ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]''{{'}} [[C-3PO]].{{sfnm|1a1=Kitchen|1y=2001|1pp=233–237|2a1=Duncan|2a2=Smith|2y=2013|2p=429|3a1=Kitchen|3a2=Buhle|3y=2009|3pp=213, 215}} In the 1980s, when ''Little Annie Fanny'' appeared once or twice a year, Annie deals with [[personal computer]]s, goes to ''[[Urban Cowboy]]''{{'s}} [[Gilley's Club]], cruises on ''[[The Love Boat]]'', and encounters [[Indiana Jones (character)|Indiana Jones]], [[Ruhollah Khomeini|Ayatollah Khomeini]], [[Jim Bakker|Jim]] and [[Tammy Faye Messner|Tammy Faye Bakker]], and [[Woody Allen]]. Elder's background gags include the [[Coneheads]], [[Howard Cosell]], [[Miss Piggy]], [[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial|E.T.]], and [[Billy Beer]].{{sfnm|1a1=Kitchen|1y=2001|1pp=237–240|2a1=Duncan|2a2=Smith|2y=2013|2p=429|3a1=Kitchen|3a2=Buhle|3y=2009|3pp=213, 215}}

Comics historian Don Markstein said that ''Little Annie Fanny'' "reached a high point seldom achieved by cartoon art".,{{sfn|Markstein|2001}} Writing for his ''[[Don Markstein's Toonopedia]]'' website:saying "Harvey Kurtzman ... strove for most of his life to advance the boundaries of comics, not just in terms of storytelling but also in production values",{{sfn|Markstein|2001}} concluding that ''Little Annie Fanny'' achieved at least the latter. About its venue he said, "''Playboy'' magazine, whatever you may say about its content, always did a first-rate job of printing color pictures."{{sfn|Markstein|2001}} According to comics commentators Randy Duncan and Matthew J. Smith, the series "reads today as an amusing look at the evolving mores of the sexual revolution".{{sfn|Duncan|Smith|2013|p=428}} Comics editor Monte Beauchamp said that ''Little Annie Fanny'' was "the most elaborate comic strip ever created"{{sfn|Beauchamp|2014|p=110}} and cartoonist-critic [[R. C. Harvey]] called it "a masterpiece ... the most lavish color comic strip of all time".{{sfn|Harvey|1996|p=140}}

Not all were as impressed. Noting that Kurtzman was financially strapped before making his living for twenty-six years from ''Playboy'', historian [[Paul Buhle]] wrote: "The strip had many brilliant early moments, but went downhill as the writer and artist bent to editor Hugh Hefner's demands for as much titillation as possible."{{sfn|Buhle|2007|p=329}} Cartoonist [[Art Spiegelman]] said that ''Little Annie Fanny'' devolved from the more interesting Goodman Beaver.{{sfn|Witek|2007|p=96}} In 1963, [[Gilbert Shelton]] and staff, while editing the [[University of Texas]]'s humor magazine, published a parody of ''Playboy'' and called Kurtzman's strip "Little Unnie Funny." [[Underground comix|Underground cartoonist]] [[Robert Crumb]], whose career Kurtzman helped launch, also scorned ''Playboy'' and ''Annie''.{{sfnm|1a1=Holm|1y=2004|1p=62, 64, 137|2a1=Widmer|2y=2010}} [[Monty Python]]'s [[Terry Gilliam]], the former assistant editor of ''Help!'', said that ''Little Annie Fanny'' was not as sharp as Kurtzman's earlier work: "technically brilliant but ... slightly compromised."{{sfn|Gilliam|2009}} Art agent and publisher [[Denis Kitchen]], who handles Kurtzman and Eisner's estates, said that "most Kurtzman devotees would not consider ''Little Annie Fanny'' genius work ... [and] some would argue the opposite: that it was genius diluted or degraded".{{sfn|Kitchen|Buhle|2009|p=209}} Kitchen placed the onus on Kurtzman's employer Hefner, who "was often a punctilious taskmaster with a heavy red pen who often had very different ideas about what was funny or satiric" and insisted that each strip "had to include Annie disrobing".{{sfn|Kitchen|Buhle|2009|p=209}} Beauchamp agreed: "Unfortunately, Hefner was notorious for his heavy editorial hand."{{sfn|Beauchamp|2014|p=68}} Duncan and Smith also agreed, and wrote that "humor sometimes mixes awkwardly with the loaded topics of the era, and some have found Annie's lack of character development and the requisite sexual hijinks an impediment to taking her seriously." However, they repeated their respect: "The eternally innocent Annie performed admirably as a nonjudgmental witness to the changing tides of the sexual revolution."{{sfn|Duncan|Smith|2013|p=429}}

Twenty-six early episodes of the comic were reprinted in book form by [[Playboy Press]] in 1966 and 1972.{{sfnm|1a1=Markstein|1y=2001|2a1=Kitchen|2a2=Buhle|2y=2009|2p=215}} After Kurtzman's death in 1993, ''Playboy'' revived the comic in 1998 with art by Ray Lago and [[Bill Schorr]], publishing twoseven episodes until 2000<ref>{{cite web | url=https://e-hentai.org/g/2181052/f069a1f2b3/ | title=Playboy's Little Annie Fanny revival - E-Hentai Galleries }}</ref>.{{sfn|Markstein|2001}} [[Dark Horse Comics]] collected all episodes of the series and published them in two volumes (2000 and 2001), with annotations by Denis Kitchen and others.{{sfnm|1a1=Kitchen|1y=2000|2a1=Kitchen|2y=2001}}

===Sources===

====Books====

* {{cite book |title=Masterful Marks: Cartoonists Who Changed the World |editor-last=Beauchamp |editor-first=Monte |year=2014 |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-4516-4919-2|ref=harv }}

* {{cite book |title=Humbug |last1=Benson |first1=John |last2=Groth |first2=Gary |authorlink2author-link2=Gary Groth |editor-last=Groth |editor-first=Gary |volume=1 |year=2009 |publisher=[[Fantagraphics Books]] |location=Seattle, WA |isbn=978-1-60699-179-4 |chapter=Introduction|ref=harv }}

* {{cite book |title=Jews and American Popular Culture: Music, Theater, Popular Art, and Literature |editor-last=Buhle |editor-first=Paul|authorlink=Paul Buhle|year=2007 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Praeger Publishers]] |location=Santa Barbara, CA |isbn=978-0-275-98795-4|ref=harv }}

* {{cite book |title=Icons of the American Comic Book: From Captain America to Wonder Woman |editor-last1=Duncan |editor-first1=Randy |editor-last2=Smith |editor-first2=Matthew J. |year=2013 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |location=Santa Barbara, CA |isbn=978-0-313-39924-4|ref=harv }}

* {{cite book |title=The Art of the Comic Book: An Aesthetic History |last=Harvey |first=Robert C. |authorlinkauthor-link=R. C. Harvey |year=1996 |publisher=[[University Press of Mississippi]] |location=Jackson, MS |isbn=978-0-87805-758-0 |refurl-access=harvregistration |url=https://archive.org/details/artofcomicbookae0000harv }}

* {{cite book |title=R. Crumb: Conversations |last=Holm |first=D. K. |authorlinkauthor-link=D. K. Holm |year=2004 |publisher=[[University Press of Mississippi]] |location=Jackson, MS |isbn=978-1-57806-637-7|ref=harv }}

* {{cite book |title=Reminiscence (Overview and Annotations to Playboy's Little Annie Fanny: Volume 2: 1970–1988) |last=Jaffee |first=Al |authorlinkauthor-link=Al Jaffee |year=2001 |publisher=[[Dark Horse Comics]] |location=Milwaukie, OR |isbn=978-1-56971-520-8|ref=harv }}

* {{cite book |title=The Origins of Little Annie Fanny (Overview and Annotations to Playboy's Little Annie Fanny: Volume 1: 1962–1970) |last=Kitchen |first=Denis |authorlinkauthor-link=Denis Kitchen |year=2000 |publisher=[[Dark Horse Comics]] |location=Milwaukie, OR |isbn=978-1-56971-519-2|ref=harv }}

* {{cite book |title=The Art of Harvey Kurtzman: The Mad Genius of Comics |last1=Kitchen |first1=Denis |authorlink1author-link1=Denis Kitchen |last2=Buhle |first2=Paul |authorlink2author-link2=Paul Buhle |year=2009 |publisher=[[Abrams Books|Abrams ComicArts]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-0-8109-7296-4|ref=harv }}

* {{cite book |title=Eye Pops and Gags (Overview and Annotations to Playboy's Little Annie Fanny: Volume 2: 1970–1988) |last=Kitchen |first=Denis |authorlinkauthor-link=Denis Kitchen |year=2001 |publisher=[[Dark Horse Comics]] |location=Milwaukie, OR |isbn=978-1-56971-520-8|ref=harv }}

* {{cite book |title=Little Annie Fanny Through The Eyes of Will Elder (Overview and Annotations to Playboy's Little Annie Fanny: Volume 2: 1970–1988) |last=VandenBergh |first=Gary |year=2001 |publisher=[[Dark Horse Comics]] |location=Milwaukie, OR |isbn=978-1-56971-520-8|ref=harv }}

* {{cite book |title=Art Spiegelman: Conversations |editor-last=Witek |editor-first=Joseph |year=2007 |publisher=[[University Press of Mississippi]] |isbn=978-1-934110-12-6|ref=harv }}

====Journals, newspapers, websites====

* {{cite news |title=Children's TV Producer Gets Playboy Contract |last=Atherton |first=Tony |date=March 25, 2000 |newspaper=[[Ottawa Citizen]]|ref=harv }}

* {{cite web |title=Mainframe |last=Edwards |first=Ian |date=April 17, 2000 |website=[[Playback (websitemagazine)|Playback]] |url=http://playbackonline.ca/2000/04/17/28751-20000417/1/ |quote=Mainframe, meanwhile, continues to wait for the green light from ''Playboy TV'' to be the service producer to do a computer-animated series based on ''Playboy'' magazine's decades-old comic strip ''Little Annie Fanny''. |deadurlurl-status=nolive |archiveurlarchive-url=httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20150206160528/http://playbackonline.ca/2000/04/17/28751-20000417/1/ |archivedatearchive-date=February 6, 2015 |accessdateaccess-date=December 28, 2014|ref=harv }}

* {{cite news |title=My ''Mad'' mentor: Terry Gilliam on Harvey Kurtzman |last=Gilliam |first=Terry |author-link=Terry Gilliam |date=July 10, 2009 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=httphttps://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/5756899/My-MAD-mentor-Terry-Gilliam-on-Harvey-Kurtzman.html |deadurlurl-status=nolive |archiveurlarchive-url=httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20090715123227/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/5756899/My-MAD-mentor-Terry-Gilliam-on-Harvey-Kurtzman.html |archivedatearchive-date=July 15, 2009 |accessdateaccess-date=July 30, 2015|ref=harv }}

* {{cite web |title=Animation Anecdotes #126: Little Annie Fanny Animated |last=Koris |first=Jim |date=September 6, 2013 |website=Cartoon Research |url=http://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/animation-anecdotes-126/ |quote=In 2000, Mainframe Entertainment ( "ReBoot") was approached by Playboy to create a CGI animated series based on Little Annie Fanny, but no series was produced. |deadurlurl-status=nolive |archiveurlarchive-url=httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20131230082658/http://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/animation-anecdotes-126 |archivedatearchive-date=December 30, 2013 |accessdateaccess-date=August 22, 2015|ref=harv }}

* {{cite web |title=Little Annie Fanny |last=Markstein |first=Don |year=2001 |website=[[Don Markstein's Toonopedia]] |url=http://toonopedia.com/anniefan.htm |deadurlurl-status=nolive |archiveurlarchive-url=httphttps://archive.today/20240525221238/https://www.webcitation.org/66xFUU2Ww?url=http://www.toonopedia.com/anniefan.htm |archivedatearchive-date=AprilMay 1625, 20122024 |accessdateaccess-date=December 28, 2014|ref=harv }}

* {{cite journal |title=R. Crumb, The Art of Comics No. 1 |last=Widmer |first=Ted |journal=[[The Paris Review]] |date=Summer 2010 |issue=193 |url=http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/6017/the-art-of-comics-no-1-r-crumb |deadurlurl-status=nolive |archiveurlarchive-url=httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20100919231944/http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/6017/the-art-of-comics-no-1-r-crumb |archivedatearchive-date=September 19, 2010 |accessdateaccess-date=August 22, 2015|ref=harv }}

* {{cite journal |title=Little Annie Fanny: The Motion Picture |author=<!--Staff--> |journal=[[Playboy]] |location=Chicago, IL |publisher=[[Playboy Enterprises]] |date=December 1978 |ref={{sfnref|Playboy magazine December|1978}} }}

* [{{cite web |url=http://animationresources.org/will-elder-1921-2008/ |title=Magazine Cartoons: Kurtzman and Elder’sElder's Little Annie Fanny] |website=AnimationResources.org |first=Stephen |last=Worth |date=December 15, 2015 |archive-date=September 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919143621/http://animationresources.org/will-elder-1921-2008 |url-status=live}}

[[Category:American1988 comics endings]]

[[Category:FictionalFemale Americancharacters peoplein comics]]